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PubMed2006

Temporal processing deficits in Hebrew speaking children with reading disabilities.

The purpose of this study was to assess to what extent specific reading disabilities and poor phonologic processing in children who read Hebrew, a primarily consonant orthography, are related to central auditory temporal processing deficits (TPDs).Twenty-four Hebrew-speaking children (ages 10-13) with and without reading disabilities were asked to discriminate auditorily pairs of syllables (/ba/ vs. /pa/) that differ by voice onset time (VOT) only. Two paradigms were used, 1 with a short interstimulus interval (ISI) (50 ms) and 1 with a long ISI (500 ms). Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured in response to the two syllables in an auditory oddball task. Results showed significantly lowered accuracy, longer reaction times, and prolonged P3 latency among the group with reading disabilities compared with the control group. No significant differences were found between the short ISI task and the long ISI task. However, significant correlations were found between the phonologic processing tasks and the short ISI task. These findings in the Hebrew language are consistent with findings from other languages and add support to the central TPD hypothesis of reading disabilities. The discussion highlights how investigating different orthographic systems can deepen our understanding of the role TPD plays in reading.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Development of auditory saltation and its relationship to reading and phonological processing.

PURPOSE: The temporal offset of auditory saltation is thought to be reflective of the limits of temporal resolution, and has recently been used to compare dyslexic and control adults and children, with mixed results (R. Hari & P. Kiesilä, 1996; M. Kronbichler, F. Hutzler, & H. Wimmer, 2002). This study sought to document and understand normative changes in saltation thresholds as a function of age, and examine the relationship of saltation thresholds to reading and phonological processing across development. METHOD: This study used a cross-sectional developmental design. Groups of 7-8-, 9-10-, and 11-13-year-old children, and adults, undertook a 2-alternative forced-choice saltation task, along with standard tests of reading and phonological processing. RESULTS: Significantly higher and more variable saltation thresholds were evident in the 7-8-year-old group. Group distributions were skewed: Only a few young children obtained poor thresholds while most showed adult-like performance. Saltation thresholds were not related to reading or phonological processing skills at any stage of development. CONCLUSIONS: The temporal offset of saltation is unlikely to reflect the true limits of temporal resolution in young children, but rather the conflation of perceptual and nonperceptual factors (such as poor short-term memory, inattention, and confusion) to task performance. Effort should be made to minimize such nonperceptual factors, particularly when using saltation as a measure of temporal resolution in participants with dyslexia.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1975

Patient-controlled delivery of monosyllabic words in a test of auditory discrimination.

Normal- and sensorineural-hearing subjects repeated monosyllabic words under a conventional and subject-controlled method of presentation at 0, 8, 16, and 44 dB SL. Results of the study revealed little difference between discrimination scores obtained with the two methods of presentation. Discussion of clinical relevance was concerned with (1) saving of time, (2) standardization of test, and (3) favorable subjective reports of the new procedure.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1977

Relationships between comfortable loudness levels for speech and speech discrimination in sensorineural hearing loss.

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the sensation level selected as most comfortable for loudness and intelligibility, and the sensation level at which maximum speech discrimination is obtained. An articulation function was generated at five sensation levels for 45 subjects with sensorineural hearing loss. Speech discrimination scores were also obtained at sensation levels corresponding to most comfortable loudness levels for loudness and intelligibility. Results indicated that most comfortable loudness, at least under the conditions of the present study, does not appear to be the level at which maximum speech discrimination is obtained. Therefore, the use of comfortable loudness as a single sensation level for testing a subject's maximum discrimination is not recommended at this time.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1983

Auditory processing and language impairment in children: stimulus considerations for intervention.

Two experiments were undertaken to examine the performance of language-impaired children on auditory identification and sequencing tasks which employed different stimuli. The purpose of Experiment I was to determine if introduction of linguistic stimuli (words) into tasks using nonlinguistic stimuli (complex tones) would change subjects' performance. Experiment II was designed to measure differences in response when words and tones were presented separately. Responses to utterances of increasing length (up to four words) were also measured. Results indicated that some children performed significantly better when words were used as stimuli. No child responded better when tones were used as stimuli and there were no significant differences between utterances of different length. Based on these results and on the related literature, considerations for choice of stimuli for intervention with language-impaired children are discussed.

Auditory Perception↗