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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Adhesives, silver amalgam.

The most recent advancement in silver amalgam is use of resin formulations to bond metal to tooth both chemically &/or physically, Since, historically, amalgam has been used successfully without adhesion to tooth, obvious clinical question is: Why is bonding now desirable? Two major clinical reasons to bond are: (1) Adhesive can increase fracture resistance of amalgam restored teeth & decrease cusp fractures; & (2) Seal provided by adhesive can greatly decrease, & often eliminate post-operative sensitivity. Following report summarizes CRA laboratory study of shear bond strength & sealing capability of 23 commercial adhesives used to bond 2 types of silver amalgam to tooth structure.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1995

Bonding to five surfaces using porcelain veneers and porcelain jacket crowns: two case studies.

Until recently, bonding to different surfaces was beyond the reach of dentistry. Proven advances now make bonding to dentin, enamel, metal, composite and porcelain a reality. Porcelain veneers can now be bonded to all surfaces of the hard dentition, and veneers in combination with porcelain jacket crowns are an excellent aesthetic and functional option. These cases illustrate the results that are now possible and within the capabilities of the general practitioner.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

The rubber dam-retaining appliance: an adjunct to isolation during placement of multiple veneers.

The allure of multiple porcelain veneers resides in the conservative preparation and the potential for excellent esthetics. To uphold the pennant of adhesive technology on which the procedure is founded, the fastidious guidelines of direct adhesive techniques should be carried over to porcelain veneers. Delivery of porcelain veneers is compromised in the absence of rubber dam isolation. Traditional rubber dam application is cumbersome and impractical, however, during placement of multiple veneers, with their priority of gingival margin access. This article introduces a rubber dam-retaining appliance that improves access and isolation during the restoration of anterior teeth with multiple porcelain veneers.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A review of polymerization contraction: the influence of stress development versus stress relief.

The insertion of bonded resin composites into cavity preparations leads to a competition between polymerization contraction forces and the strength of bonds to tooth structure. The degree of stress development can be controlled, to some extent, by the cavity design (C-factor), the use of bases, the size, shape, and position of increments of composite resins placed in the cavity, and whether the resin is light- or chemically cured. Stress relief can be accomplished by maintaining the C-factor as low as possible, using chemical-curing resins, low modulus liners, and, over time, by water sorption. A thorough understanding of these principles permits clinicians to exercise more control over these variables, thereby improving the quality of their bonded restorations.

Absorption↗
PubMed1996

Dental clinics--a burden to environment?

To estimate environmental burden of mercury from dental clinics, a survey was conducted in 1993 at dental clinics in northern part of Sweden. Factors regarding amalgam separators, maintenance and disposal of collected sludge, age of clinics, cleaning of waste pipes, and sorting and handling of amalgam contaminated products were investigated. The result showed that many were not familiar with maintenance of the amalgam separator. A majority, 68%, were working in clinics older than 10 years, but only 9% reported that waste pipes had been cleaned or changed. Classification of amalgam contaminated products as high-risk and low-risk waste differed a lot, as well as handling of waste products. The result shows that there is need for more information and attention to all individuals working in Dental Care on how to reduce environmental burden of mercury from dental clinics.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Free-hand composite resin restorations: a key to anterior aesthetics.

The success of free-hand bonding in anterior teeth depends on a harmonious integration of various elements, including a thorough understanding of natural function, aesthetics, characteristics of current materials, and restorative techniques. The selection of composite brands which offer a variety of shades and provide several opacities is mandatory. By utilizing an anatomic stratification with successive layers of dentin, enamel, and incisal composite, a natural-appearing aesthetic result can be achieved in a relatively simple and predictable manner. Attentive use of finishing methods is still necessary for surface quality and natural appearance of the final restoration. Direct composite bonding remains an adequate therapeutic modality in traditional Class III to Class V and localized cosmetic restorations. It can satisfy most aesthetic demands, and it offers an affordable alternative to more invasive procedures, such as veneers and crowns. The learning objective of this article is to review anterior free-hand bonding utilizing composite restorative materials.

Composite Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stratification of composite restorations: systematic and durable replication of natural aesthetics.

A thorough knowledge of the internal structure of natural dentition provides invaluable information for increasing the aesthetic potential in dental restorations. To achieve the optimal aesthetic results, this knowledge must be integrated in a systematic therapeutic procedure. The learning objective of this article is to guide the practitioner in clinical case analysis, evaluation, and the application of a personalized technique of stratification for each individual case in direct composite restorations. The article evaluates treatment demarcations, differences in composite stratification between anterior and posterior teeth, color selection, and the "sandwich technique." The treatment protocol section discusses the element of reference, which can be either an adjacent natural tooth or provisional restorations, permitting the diagnostic study of a more extensive case. The structure of the element of reference is analyzed as to the enamel, dentin, and incisal edge, and replicated. Since light penetration is different in the anterior and posterior dentition, the color stratification must differ accordingly. The "worn" tooth must be distinguished from the "unworn" tooth. In color selection, the luminosity and saturation of the teeth are evaluated first; tint is selected from the element of reference.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1995

Attrition at the enamel-restoration interface.

At present, aesthetic restorative dental materials such as composite resin, porcelain, castable ceramics, etc are routinely used to restore the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth. However, it is desirable that restorative materials should possess wear rate comparable to that of enamel. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of hypothesized attrition at the enamel-restoration interface using various types of direct and indirect composite resins. Results showed that there was no correlation between the quantitative wear of the upper and lower specimens. Remarkable marginal integrity was observed in the majority of the specimens with no significant step formation at the margin thereby suggesting satisfactory transition. SEM evaluation of the worn surfaces revealed various morphological features.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1996

Surface treatment of gold alloys for resin adhesion.

This in vitro study compared three methods of surface treating gold alloys to improve resin adhesion. The tensile bond strengths and modes of failure between specimen pairs cemented with a chemically adhesive resin were recorded. Heat-treated gold alloy specimens were significantly more resistant to bond failure under tensile loading than were either alumina-blasted or tin-plated gold specimens. There was no statistically significant difference in bond failure between alumina-blasted and tin-plated gold specimens. The surface treatment altered the mode of failure from adhesive and/or adhesive-cohesive for alumina-blasted and tinplated gold specimens to cohesive (within the resin) for heat-treated gold specimens. Three case reports are presented to illustrate clinical applications of heat-treated gold alloys.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Porcelain veneer color blending.

Matching the color of porcelain veneers to existing teeth has proved to be a challenge for the restorative dentist. The resulting color of a veneer depends upon several factors. This paper reviews a technique for making a test veneer to predict with accuracy the color of the result.

Dental Porcelain↗
PubMed1996

Tunnel restorations using glass ionomer or glass cermet: in vitro marginal ridge fracture and microleakage.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the marginal ridge fracture resistance and microleakage following restorations of partial tunnel preparations using glass ionomer and glass cermet cements. Sixty eight sound premolars were selected for this study and were divided randomly into six groups. A standardized partial tunnel preparation was done on all the teeth except specimens belonging to Group I. The partial tunnel preparations of Groups III & V were restored with glass ionomer and that of Groups IV & VI were restored with glass cermet. The teeth belonging to Groups I, II, III & IV were subjected to marginal ridge fracture resistance testing. The teeth of Groups V & VI were tested for microleakage after immersing them in 5% methylene blue solution for 4 hours. The results indicated that the teeth restored with glass cermet were marginally better than that with glass ionomer in terms of marginal ridge fracture resistance. Both the materials failed to reinforce the marginal ridge to the level of an intact tooth. The microleakage which occurred around both the materials were statistically insignificant, but on comparison glass ionomer showed better results. Hence, glass ionomer is preferred as a restorative material for partial tunnel preparations because of additional inherent advantages like superior esthetics and fluoride leachability.

Bicuspid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of three resin bonding agents to primary tooth dentin.

This study determined the shear bond strength of resin composites to primary dentin using three dentin adhesives and the presence or absence of a hybrid zone. The buccal and lingual surfaces of 40 recently extracted noncarious primary teeth were ground flat with SiC paper ending with the 600 grit. The teeth were divided at randomly into eight groups of five teeth (10 surfaces) each: 1) Unetched dentin, dry dentin, All-Bond 2/Bis-Fil P; 2) Unetched dentin, moist dentin, All-Bond 2/Bis-Fil P; 3) Dentin etched for 15 sec with 10% phosphoric acid, dry dentin, All-Bond 2/Bis-Fil P; 4) Dentin etched for 15 sec with 10% phosphoric acid, moist dentin, All-Bond 2/Bis-Fil P; 5) Dentin etched with 10% maleic acid for 15 sec, dry dentin, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose/Z100; 6) Dentin etched with 10% maleic acid for 15 sec, moist dentin, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose/Z100; 7) Dentin etched with 10 citric acid/3% ferric chloride, dry dentin, Amalgambond Plus/Z100; 8) Dentin etched with 10 citric acid/3% ferric chloride, moist dentin, Amalgambond Plus/Z100. All teeth were thermocycled 1000x (5 and 55 degrees C, 30-sec dwell time), and shear bond strength testing was conducted using an Instron (crosshead speed 0.5 mm/min). Failure sites after debonding were examined with the SEM. For each group, one additional tooth was used to prepare two class V cavities (one facial and one lingual) restored according to the specification in each group, sectioned buccolingually and examined with the SEM. The results, in MPa, were: 1) 12.55 +/- 5.97; 2) 10.41 +/- 6.16; 3) 9.94 +/- 7.26; 4) 12.25 +/- 4.70; 5) 13.02 +/- 8.01; 6) 16.51 +/- 8.62; 7) 12.51 +/- 8.95; 8) 17.93 +/- 6.44. ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls tests showed no statistically significant differences. SEM evaluation showed that the smear layer was removed in all groups exposing primary dentin tubules infiltrated by resin. A resin-reinforced hybrid layer was readily seen in all specimens.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1995

Six years of clinical experience with an all-ceramic system.

The search for tooth-colored and metal-free restorations is one of the major challenges in dental research. For several decades, ceramic has been used as a restorative material because of its aesthetics and stability. Unfortunately, the survival rate of most all-ceramic systems seems unsatisfactory; due to the natural brittleness of ceramic, fractures have been the primary reason for the high failure rate. Since 1988, the University of Zurich Dental School, Switzerland, has been working with the IPS Empress all-ceramic system (Ivoclar/Williams, Amherst, NY). This article reports the clinical and research data from approximately 3,000 all-ceramic restorations.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1996

Versatility and aesthetics of the IPS Empress all-ceramic system.

With the reestablishment of function no longer a clinical issue, the aesthetic challenge takes precedence, with patients expecting natural-looking results. Since the late 1980s, a leucite-reinforced pressed-glass ceramic (IPS Empress, Ivoclar Williams, Amherst, NY) has been utilized in the anterior region for full crowns and veneers and in the posterior region for crowns, inlays and onlays. This article presents results achieved with the IPS Empress all-ceramic system, which features a unique combination of strength and natural light transmission qualities that resemble the characteristics of natural teeth.

Aluminum Silicates↗