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Results for “Health Promotion”

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PubMed1994

Family nursing assessment: meeting the challenge of health promotion.

Family nursing assessment has traditionally followed an illness-care model. This paper proposes a re-evaluation of traditional family assessment and suggests an approach which is fundamentally based in health promotion. The paper includes a discussion of varying perspectives of health and health care, the health promotion perspective adopted by the World Health Organization, and the relevance of these perspectives for family nursing practice. Central elements of health promotion are outlined and serve as the guiding principles for family nursing assessment. Two inherent aspects of health-promoting family nursing practice are proposed and described. These include an emphasis on a human caring nursing ontology, and a framework for guiding family nursing assessment. This health-promoting assessment framework contains four essential components: (a) listening to the family; (b) participatory dialogue; (c) recognizing patterns; and (d) envisaging action and positive change. These components are described, together with the strategic elements inherent in each. Based on this health-promoting family nursing assessment, implications for nursing practice are discussed, and recommendations are made for research into this assessment framework.

Communication↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Applying collaborative practice to health promotion.

BACKGROUND: Since the publication of the Health of the Nation document in 1992, collaborative practice has been at the forefront of health service reform. While other professional groups have readily adopted health promotion and collaboration, the nursing profession has experienced difficulties in changing practice and some have resisted reform. The author examines the issues surrounding nursing's apparent hesitancy in adopting collaborative working practices. CONCLUSION: To promote collaborative practice, nurses need to be aware of the range of teams and agencies involved in health promotion and acknowledge the client as an equal member of the team. However, better education, training and shared learning initiatives are essential to improve collaborative practice.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Does workplace health promotion decrease medical claims?

We examined the relationship between workplace health promotion and medical claims in 38 textile plants, considering also the effects of demographic and contextual variables (i.e., average worker age, sex ratio, racial composition, plant product, and access to medical services). Number of claims per worker varied threefold among plants but was independent of plant workforce's sex ratio, racial composition, and access to medical services. Worker age predicted claims; in a linear regression model, age, sex, race, plant product, and access explained 23% of variance in claims. Health promotion was also related to claims, and its inclusion in the model (with interaction terms involving plant product) explained 54% of variance in claims, with the deletion of race, sex, and access from the reduced model. We concluded that effective health promotion must address the contexts of different types of plant product.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2000

Health promotion behaviors of Gujurati Asian Indian immigrants in the United States.

The purpose of this paper was to examine the health promotion behaviors of Asian Indians, one of the fastest-growing immigrant groups in the United States. The sample consisted of 261 respondents randomly selected from the Charotar Patidar Samaj, a national Gujarati Association membership directory. Health promotion behaviors were obtained using the Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile II. Respondents demonstrated lower scores in physical activity and nutrition and higher scores in the areas of interpersonal skills and spiritual growth domain of the health promotion behaviors. Physical inactivity was the highest among adults of 25-50 years of age. A significant difference existed between males and females in the domain of health responsibility. Females were more responsible for their health and reported medical problems to a physician more often than their male counterparts. They also educated themselves about health promotion behaviors through reading and watching TV programs. Study results support previous research findings and make an important contribution to understanding the Asian Indian's health-promoting lifestyle behaviors.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1979

Health promotion--keeping people out of the hospital.

Health promotion is finding a place in the community hospital. This article discusses the need for commitment to health promotion as an ongoing program and not a publicity campaign. Examples of successful programs, principles of good practice, and the benefits of providing the community with information are presented.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed1988

A survey of health promotion programs in U.S. and Canadian medical schools.

A health promotion and wellness survey questionnaire was sent to all 143 accredited medical schools in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico. Of the 120 responding schools, 29 (24.2%) offer health promotion programs and 91 (75.8%) do not; most programs began only recently (average 5.42 years). Nineteen schools plan to begin programs soon. Most emphasized in the programs is physical well-being and least emphasized is spiritual well-being. Over 50% of the schools offer these components: study skills (62.1%), support groups (62.1%), time management (58.6%), aerobics (55.2%), intramural sports (55.2%), and financial planning (51.7%). Most programs are administered by the Dean of Student Affairs, 48.3% have a budget, and 51.7% have an evaluation component. All schools with programs expressed an interest in developing a network to share information. Emphasizing health promotion and disease prevention throughout medical education is important, particularly as an approach to enhancing the doctor-patient relationship.

Canada↗

PubMed2000

[Evaluation of the health promoting school. Concepts and practice in Poland and Europe].

The history of health promoting school movement in Poland, Europe and other regions in the last decade and the concept of this school was presented. The basic principles of process and outcome evaluation implemented in practice in the project "The health promoting school" (1992-1995) and the model (concept, methods, organisation) of evaluation of outcomes (at national and school level) of this project were described. The European Network of Health Promoting Schools focused on many initiatives during the past five years looking for effective and useful for schools methods of evaluation of health promoting school. Examples of indicators at international, national and school levels, focusing on dissemination, structures and impact, were presented.

Europe↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A qualitative perspective of barriers to health-promoting behaviors of African Americans.

African American mortality and morbidity rates remain alarmingly high. Implementation of health promotion strategies can be effective in reducing these rates. Yet, African American health-promoting behaviors remain inadequate. Exploration of perceived barriers to implementing health-promoting behaviors from a qualitative perspective may lead to a better understanding of African American barriers to healthier lifestyles. The purpose of this study was to explore barriers to health promotion for African Americans from a qualitative perspective. Focus group interviews were held in two southeastern states. The results yielded three themes. These were cost, lack of discipline versus not having enough time, and a lack of motivation. When health care professionals develop treatment strategies for African Americans, these barriers should be considered to aid in the development of more efficacious plans of care.

Black or African American↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Do we need a "virtual" program infrastructure for worksite and population health promotion efforts?

As the demand for Worksite Health Promotion heats up, it is becoming clear that the traditional models of programming that work well in worksites with large number of employees will not meet the needs of small and medium size employer organizations. Additionally, the large number of individuals who are served by health plans are also likely to require different types of Health Promotion interventions. In presenting the concept of a "virtual" set of interventions that form a "program infrastructure" this article seeks to bridge the gap between large employer programming strategies and small employer and health plan settings. A set of eleven interventions are described and recommended technical specifications are presented.

Health Promotion↗

PubMed2007

Exploratory factor analysis: strategies used by patients to promote health.

Strategies used by patients to promote health (SUPPH) was used to measure self-care self-efficacy in patients with cancer. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the extent to which self-efficacy theory explained the factor structure of the SUPPH and (2) to determine the relationship of demographic data with factors of the SUPPH. Subjects were diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) and treated with either: (a) radical prostatectomy, (b) intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) + radioactive seed implantation, or (c) IMRT + high dose rate. Subjects completed a demographic questionnaire and the SUPPH. Exploratory factor analysis of the SUPPH was performed using a varimax rotation. Subjects (n = 265) were predominately white and averaged 68 years of age. The model explained 81.3% of the total sum of eigenvalues. Two factors of the SUPPH were identified: physiological efficacy information and performance efficacy information. Younger subjects who were fully employed and earning more money had significantly higher performance self-efficacy than older subjects who were working part time and earning less money. Results are congruent with Bandura's (1997) description of self-efficacy. Use of the SUPPH may facilitate research validating Bandura's (1997) assertion that an individual's self-efficacy is related to quality of life (QOL) during chronic illness. Additional research focusing on self-efficacy and PCa patients' QOL may lead to efficacy enhancing interventions that will improve QOL of patients with PCa.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Health promotion: what's in it for business and industry?

Health promotion has been linked to improved morale, increased productivity, reduced absenteeism and turnover, more appropriate utilization of medical services and decreased disability and premature death claims due to unhealthy lifestyles. Preliminary data in favor of HPPs are being accumulated. Final proof is not available to "sell" myopic bottom line managers on the concept, however, as Immanuel Kant stated, "It is often necessary to make a decision on the basis of knowledge sufficient for action but insufficient to satisfy the intellect." If techniques can be developed to quantify in economic terms the impact of health promotion in these areas, business and industry will have a profound, hard line reason beyond their genuine interest in the health of their employees, for providing health promotion to employee populations--MONEY.

Commerce↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Health promotion: physicians' beliefs, attitudes, and practices.

There is a paucity of research describing the health-promotion beliefs, attitudes, and practices of physicians. Self-reported data from a survey of 1,040 primary care physicians showed that a majority of physicians (97 percent) believed they should modify patients' behaviors to minimize risk factors and rated a variety of health behaviors as important in promoting health. While most physicians gathered information about risk factors and believed they were prepared to counsel patients, only a small percentage (3-18 percent) reported being very successful in helping patients achieve behavioral change. However, given appropriate support, physicians reported that they could be up to six times more successful in influencing behavioral change. This study indicated that physicians have strong beliefs and interests in health promotion, are interested in continuing education about health promotion topics, and desire a variety of new skills to help patients modify their health behaviors.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2006

[An explanatory model for health-promoting behaviors in patients living at home who have post stroke hemiplegia].

PURPOSE: A structural equation model was analyzed to explore the determinants of health-promoting behaviors in patients living at home in Korea who had post stroke hemiplegia. METHOD: Demographic characteristics, activities of daily living, religiosity, family support, self-efficacy, acceptance of disability, perceived barriers to health-promoting activities, depression, and health-promoting behavioral data was collected from 239 patients using self-report questionnaires. RESULT: Variables that have a direct effect on health-promoting behaviors were self-efficacy and family support. Depression, acceptance of disability, perceived barriers, activities of daily living and religiosity also influenced health-promoting behaviors in an indirect way. CONCLUSION: It is imperative to explore strategies for patients with post stroke hemiplegia to identify and maximize their resources, develop their self-efficacy, improve their emotional state, and enhance their physical activity and spiritual growth, which would maximize health-promoting behaviors.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Health promotion: the views of children's nurses.

A phenomenological study was undertaken to consider the meaning of health promotion, as perceived by a group of six children's nurses. Unstructured individual interviews revealed that health promotion means not only having an understanding of the concept, but being involved and strongly committed to its practice. Participants suggested that health promotion means embracing a range of strategies, acknowledging the value of fostering a multi-agency approach and collaboration with the child and family. These nurses expressed a desire to further develop their health promotion role, but suggested that time constraints and a lack of resources presented difficulties. They concluded that health promotion means having an appropriate knowledge base to facilitate practice, and that nurse education programmes have much to offer in this area.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

An exploratory study of nursing and medical students health promotion counselling self-efficacy.

Self-efficacy of nursing and medical students for client health promotion counselling was examined in an exploratory study using Bandura's (1977) self-efficacy theoretical perspective. Third-year nursing students (n = 41) and fourth-year medical students (n = 60) were compared on their self-efficacy for engaging in clients health promotion activities within 5 areas: smoking, exercise, nutrition, sexually-transmitted diseases and injuries. Their self-efficacy about their knowledge levels in the same 5 areas of health was also compared along with their perceptions of the relative impact of various curricular learning experiences on building health promotion counselling self efficacy. Self-efficacy scores were high for both groups. Nursing students scored significantly higher on both knowledge and ability to counsel patients in the areas of exercise, nutrition and injury prevention. In both groups, confidence in knowledge for health promotion activities was higher than ability to counsel patients. Learning specific health promotion strategies in class and actual practice were strongly associated with nursing students' self-efficacy while practice, feedback on performance, and role modelling were strongest for medical students.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

How to move towards evidence-based health promotion interventions.

This paper addresses the question of how to move towards evidence-based health promotion interventions. The first part explains the current work of the International Working Group on Evaluating Health Promotion Approaches, recently set up by the European Office of WHO. Next it points out the need for reaching a common understanding regarding certain conceptual, philosophical, methodological and practical issues concerning evaluation, evidence, impact and effectiveness. In the third section, five methodological and political issues are given specific attention. Finally, it concludes with a few remarks on the need to steer the debate on evidence-based health promotion and avoid passively adopting inappropriate ways of assessing the impact of health promotion.

Environment↗

PubMed1995

Health promotion and the use of Gpass in Scotland.

OBJECTIVE: To identify how computerised practices using Gpass software (General Practice Administration System for Scotland), currently implement the new health promotion regulations. DESIGN: Postal questionnaire to all Gpass practices in Scotland. Data were gathered on types and methods of recording health promotion data, Read code selection, health education given and intended methods of data analysis. Questionnaire results were compared with data from an Electronic Questionnaire analysing actual data recorded on practice computers. RESULTS: Overall response rate: 64.6%, 94.8% of the responding practices have been approved for health promotion band three. Most practices (94.5%) use their computer for data collection, 63.6% of practices use a manual data capture form and 28.8% use computer data capture methods. Methods of collecting patient data and selection of Read codes for computer data entry are variable. Most practices use one method of data collection; a significant minority use multiple methods or more than one Read code to record the same item. The recording of health promotion on computer has increased greatly since the introduction of the new regulations: the current levels of recording are alcohol history (26.3%), blood pressure reading (57.6%), smoking (35.4%), exercise (7.1%), weight (21.4%) and height (16.4%). Most practices (94.3%) intend using Gpass for data analysis. CONCLUSION: Methods of collecting and recording health promotion data differ greatly between practices, with variable standardisation of health promotion codes and differing use of appropriate elements of the Gpass software.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Reflection a neglected art in health promotion.

Evaluation and quality assurance have, over time, become the bedrock of health promotion practice in ensuring effectiveness and efficiency of programme planning and delivery. There has been less emphasis, however, on formal recognition of the contribution of the personal characteristics and perspectives of those who plan and deliver programmes and to the more subtle underlying effects of prevailing societal and professional norms. This paper seeks to highlight the neglect of formal reflection as a key professional skill in professional health promotion practice. It outlines key theories underpinning the development of the concepts of reflection and reflective practice. The role of reflection in critical health education as it contributes to critical consciousness raising is highlighted through its contribution to the empowerment of change agents in a societal change context. A conceptual typology of reflective practice is described which provides a flexible structure with which professionals can reflect on the role of self, the context and the process of health promotion programme planning. Its use is illustrated from the author's published work in health promotion which is related to prevention of workplace violence.

Health Promotion↗