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Results for “MOUTHWASHES”

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PubMed1978

Predisposing and operative factors: effect on the incidence of localized osteitis in mandibular third-molar surgery.

Five hundred and four bilateral mandibular third-molar extraction sites were examined postoperatively for localized osteitis. All sites received a mechanical lavage of either 350 ml, or 175 ml. of sterile normal saline solution. No significant differences were observed relative to the effect of lavage volume on the incidence of iocalized osteitis. A preoperative antimicrobial mouthrinse of chloramine-T (sodium-p-toluene sulfonchloramide) was also used by one half of the patients. Although only slight differences were noted in healing with the different lavage volumes of the chloramine-T, certain predisposing factors contributed significant differences.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Xerostomia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Citrates↗

PubMed1984

Xerostomia: diagnosis and treatment planning considerations.

Long-term xerostomia results in a poor prognosis for the remaining dentition, existing restorations, and denture acceptance. The dentist must be able to recognize xerostomia by the clinical signs and the potential for xerostomia on the basis of a medical history, since xerostomia may not always be the patient's chief complaint. A literature review concerning the etiology, diagnosis, and management of xerostomia is presented.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions↗

PubMed1985

Effect of antimicrobial mouth rinses on the incidence of localized alveolitis and infection following mandibular third molar oral surgery.

Mandibular third molars were removed from 400 patients who were divided into four different preoperative and postoperative rinsing groups using either normal saline solution, chloramine-T, povidone iodine, or sodium bicarbonate. The overall incidence of localized alveolitis and infection was 4.5% and 1.7%, respectfully. The incidence of the two postoperative problems proved not to be statistically significant when the four groups were compared with each other. There seems to be no apparent advantage to the preoperative and postoperative use of an antimicrobial mouth rinse in place of normal saline solution in reducing the incidence of either localized alveolitis or postoperative infections.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Oral complications of acute leukemia: prophylactic impact of a chlorhexidine mouth rinse regimen.

The prophylactic value of twice-daily mouth rinses with a solution of 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate in minimizing oral complications during remission-induction chemotherapy was tested in sixteen patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. The study design was double blind with a placebo control. Standardized measurement indices were employed to assess the dental plaque levels and the degree of gingivitis and mucositis during remission-induction. The treatment group demonstrated superior oral health on the basis of each of these measurement parameters. A moderate increase in tooth staining was observed in the treatment group. The results also suggested the potential value of chlorhexidine mouth rinses in the prophylaxis of oral candidiasis in the myelosuppressed patient.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Burning mouth sensation associated with fusospirochetal infection in edentulous patients.

Six middle-aged and elderly edentulous, systemically ill patients complaining of burning mouth sensation had a fusospirochetal infection of the oral mucosa. Metronidazole was successful in the treatment of three of these patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1987

Therapeutic use of chlorhexidine in bone marrow transplant patients: case studies.

Patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation therapy often experience severe oral complications during and after treatment despite supervised oral hygiene and conventional antimicrobial regimens. The antimicrobial compound chlorhexidine is an effective topical prophylactic agent against oral mucositis and candidiasis. Oral mucositis developed in four patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation; the condition was severe enough to prompt use of chlorhexidine. In each case, there was clinical resolution of mucositis and a concomitant decrease in the oral microbial burden 1 week after chlorhexidine use began. This strongly suggests that, in addition to its value in protecting these severely immunocompromised patients from oral infection, chlorhexidine also offers a therapeutic benefit in the resolution of existing oral infections and of mucositis.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Effect of topical administration of vancomycin versus chlorhexidine on alpha-hemolytic streptococci in oral cavity.

In a crossover study the effect of local vancomycin (paste containing 0.5% vancomycin applied to the gums three times a day for 7 days) versus chlorhexidine mouth rinsing (0.2% chlorhexidine solution twice a day for 7 days) on alpha-hemolytic streptococci in the oral cavity was investigated in eight volunteers. Mixed saliva and dental plaque samples were collected for microbiologic analysis before administration, during treatment, and after withdrawal of the agents. The numbers of different alpha-hemolytic streptococci were determined in the samples. The total numbers of Streptococcus mitior, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sanguis were significantly reduced by the vancomycin treatment compared with the chlorhexidine treatment (p less than 0.05) after 2 days of administration. Two days after the treatment was stopped the numbers of alpha-hemolytic streptococci had returned to pretreatment levels. Local prophylaxis with vancomycin as a complement to systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis may therefore be useful in the prevention of infective endocarditis.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1989

Chlorhexidine rinse in prevention of dental caries in patients following radiation therapy.

Patients who receive cancer radiotherapy, which compromises salivary gland function, may develop xerostomia. These patients are at increased risk to develop rampant dental caries. Streptococcus mutans and species of lactobacillus have been associated with dental caries. Quantitative counts of these organisms demonstrated high caries risk in 85% of patients studied. The use of chlorhexidine rinse to reduce the counts of S. mutans and lactobacillus was studied. A modest reduction in S. mutans was seen, but little effect was demonstrated on lactobacillus counts. Caries activity was shown to be related to lactobacillus count.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Effects of chlorhexidine mouthrinse on oral health in patients with acute leukemia.

The effects of chlorhexidine mouthrinses, used as a supplement to mechanical oral hygiene measures, were studied in patients receiving treatment for acute leukemia. Twenty-eight patients were randomly divided into two groups. During two periods, when the patients were taking medication for the leukemia, one group rinsed with a 0.2% chlorhexidine solution twice daily and the other group did not. Chlorhexidine had no effects of any clinical significance on parameters such as number of days with fever, number of oral lesions, plaque score, gingival bleeding score, or occurrence of candidiasis. There was, however, an increased number of patients who had a burning sensation in the mouth, and a tendency toward increased numbers of salivary enterococci, enterobacteria, and/or Pseudomonas in patients who rinsed with chlorhexidine. The results of the present study do not support the use of chlorhexidine mouthrinses in patients who are able to maintain good oral hygiene by mechanical means during their illness.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

In vitro effect of chlorhexidine and amikacin on oral gram-negative bacilli from bone marrow transplant recipients.

Prophylactic use of chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinses has been shown to benefit the oral health status of bone marrow transplant recipients and other immunosuppressed persons and to reduce systemic complications of oral origin. However, a problem that often emerges with these patients is oropharyngeal and lower respiratory tract colonization by opportunistic aerobic or facultative gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Trends in four studies indicated that CHX rinses may predispose these persons to oral colonization by GNB such as the enterobacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae. Since GNB are generally susceptible to broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotics such as amikacin, the in vitro sensitivities of K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli ATCC reference strains and K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae oral clinical isolates to combinations of CHX and amikacin were determined by means of a disk diffusion sensitivity assay on Mueller-Hinton agar. The amikacin minimum inhibitory concentrations for all GNB tested were much lower (less than or equal to 4.69 to less than or equal to 9.37 micrograms/ml) than those for CHX (less than or equal to 18.75 to less than or equal to 300 micrograms/ml), and combinations of CHX and amikacin gave larger growth inhibition zones than CHX alone. No antibacterial antagonism between CHX and amikacin was found, and their solubilities were compatible. Therefore use of topical amikacin in conjunction with CHX rinses may reduce oral colonization by GNB in severely immunocompromised patient populations.

Amikacin↗

PubMed1990

Oral lichen planus: the clinical, historical, and therapeutic features of 100 cases.

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory epidermal and mucosal disease, the cause of which is poorly understood. We reviewed the clinical and historic features of 100 patients referred to our clinic for diagnosis and management of lichen planus. The age, gender, chief complaint, duration of the chief complaint, medical history, medications, and clinical findings were recorded. Past therapeutic modalities were reviewed. Of therapeutic significance, 25 patients with oral lichen planus had a secondary oral candidiasis. Management of symptomatic lichen planus with topical and systemic steroid is discussed. The pharmacology of topical and systemic steroid usage and the rationale for treatment are discussed.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1990

Chlorhexidine prophylaxis for chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced stomatitis: a randomized double-blind trial.

Patients receiving cytotoxic antineoplastic therapy often have treatment-associated stomatitis. A 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse was evaluated (15 ml, three times a day) in a prospective, double-blind randomized trial as prophylaxis against cytotoxic therapy-induced damage to oral soft tissues. Seventy subjects, forty inpatients receiving high-dose chemotherapy and thirty outpatients receiving high-dose head and neck radiation therapy, were evaluated. Chlorhexidine mouthrinse significantly reduced the incidence of oral mucositis in the chemotherapy group on day 14 (p less than 0.02) and at 1 week follow-up on day 28 (p less than 0.002). Mucositis in the patients undergoing chemotherapy who received chlorhexidine also resolved more rapidly. Mucositis severity was significantly less compared to the control chemotherapy group on day 14 (p less than 0.03), day 21 (p less than 0.04), and on 1 week follow-up (p less than 0.02). Concomitant trends in the reduction in oral streptococci and yeast were noted in the chemotherapy group receiving chlorhexidine mouthrinse. Although no differences were observed in oral mucositis between the control and chlorhexidine groups of patients undergoing high-dose radiotherapy, similar reductions of oral microflora to those seen in the chemotherapy population were also noted for patients undergoing radiation therapy who received chlorhexidine. Although generally not significant, some increase in gram-negative bacilli was noted in the chlorhexidine-treated patients in both the chemotherapy and radiotherapy groups, but there was no correlation with increased systemic infection. Prophylactic chlorhexidine mouthrinse reduces oral mucositis and microbial burden in patients with cancer undergoing intensive chemotherapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Therapeutic effects of daily or weekly chlorhexidine rinsing on oral health of a geriatric population.

The effects of a chlorhexidine rinse on salivary Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, and Candida albicans counts and on periodontal conditions (gingival index, plaque index, pocket depths) were studied in 42 elderly subjects. Under supervision, they rinsed either daily or weekly for 6 weeks with a 0.12% chlorhexidine solution (Peridex). Saliva samples were taken for chemical and microbiologic examinations, and periodontal conditions were assessed at baseline, week 6, and 6 weeks after final rinse. Significantly lower S. mutans counts were found at week 6 for both rinsing groups (p less than 0.001). Lactobacillus and Candida counts were also generally lower at week 6, with the clearest improvement among persons with the highest counts of bacteria and yeast. Periodontal conditions were improved at week 6 (p less than 0.001) in both groups. Such improvements were not maintained 6 weeks after the rinsing regimen was completed. At baseline poor oral conditions were noticed, which placed most of the subjects at risk for tooth decay and periodontal disease. Without any other dental procedures but daily or weekly supervised rinsing, oral conditions were improved and this risk was reduced. Daily rinsing was not superior to weekly rinsing with 0.12% chlorhexidine.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

The effects of sucralfate suspension and diphenhydramine syrup plus kaolin-pectin on radiotherapy-induced mucositis.

A prospective, double-blind study compared the effectiveness of sucralfate suspension with diphenhydramine syrup plus kaolin-pectin in reducing severity and pain of radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis. Fourteen patients who received at least 4600 cGy to the oral cavity used one of the mouth rinses four times a day, beginning at 1600 cGy. Data were collected on daily perceived pain and helpfulness of mouth rinse, weekly mucositis grade, weight change, and interruption of therapy. Analysis of data revealed no statistically significant differences between the two groups in any parameter. A retrospective review of 15 patients who had received at least 4600 cGy radiation to the oropharynx but had not used a daily mouth-coating rinse, was compared with the study group. Comparison of the two groups suggested that consistent daily oral hygiene and use of a mouth-coating agent will result in less pain and may reduce weight loss and interruption of radiation because of severe mucositis.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Effect of an antimicrobial mouthrinse on recurrent aphthous ulcerations.

Recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) remains a clinical problem for many patients. Efforts in prevention and/or treatment with prescription and nonprescription formulations have to date resulted in minimal success at best. A 6-month double-blind clinical study of 96 adults compared a commercially available antimicrobial mouthrinse (Listerine Antiseptic [LA], Warner-Lambert Co., Morris Plains, N.J.) and a hydroalcoholic control to evaluate the effects of vigorous twice-daily rinsing on the incidence, duration, and severity of RAU in persons prone to this disorder. LA rinse and the hydroalcoholic rinse resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of RAU occurrences from baseline. The duration of lesions and the severity of pain in subjects with ulcers during the treatment period were also significantly reduced in the LA rinse group of patients when compared with baseline. The hydroalcoholic rinse did not show a significant effect versus baseline for either severity or duration of the lesions. Rinsing therefore can be of clinical value in reducing the occurrence of RAU in susceptible patients, and LA rinse can be of significant additional value in decreasing the duration and severity of RAU.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Efficacy of chlorhexidine and nystatin rinses in prevention of oral complications in leukemia and bone marrow transplantation.

The goal of reducing oral complications during chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation has received attention at several centers. The current randomized study of 86 adults with leukemia treated with chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation assessed the potential role of chlorhexidine, nystatin, and saline solution rinses to reduce the findings of oral mucositis, gingivitis, and oral infection. The results of this study did not show a reduction in mucositis with the use of these rinses. However, potential bacterial and fungal pathogens were identified less frequently in the patients using chlorhexidine rinse.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Oral candidosis. Clinical, historical, and therapeutic features of 100 cases.

Oral candidosis is an increasingly important disease that affects a significant percentage of the population. Traditionally known as an opportunistic pathogen, the broader clinical scope of oropharyngeal candidal infections is now being recognized. The clinical and historical features of 100 patients referred for diagnosis and management of candidosis have been reviewed. The age, gender, chief complaint, medical history, medications, and clinical findings have been noted. A wide range of clinical signs and symptoms, and the rationale behind the topical and systemic antifungal therapies provided to this patient population, are discussed.

Administration, Oral↗