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PubMed1979

The effect of air ionization on the air-borne transmission of experimental Newcastle disease virus infections in chickens.

The effect of artificial air-ionization on air-borne transmission of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection in chickens was studied in an isolated system consisting of two side-by-side cages with solid walls and a wire-gauze roof. During a 3-week observation period more than 90% of the uninoculated indicator chickens, housed in one of the cages, contracted the virus shed to the air by the NDV-inoculated, diseased birds in the neighbouring cage. This air-borne transmission of NDV was completely prevented by increasing the ion concentration in the test room by a constant negative corona discharge above the wire-gauze roof. On the other hand, spreading of the infection within a group of chickens housed in a single cage was not affected by air ionization. These and other results suggest that artificial air-ionization may protect animals from certain air-borne infections by interfering with microbial aerosol formation and/or by facilitating their decay.

Air Ionization↗
PubMed1981

Serological response of chickens, turkeys and ducks to strain V4 of Newcastle disease virus.

The serological response of two different age groups of turkeys and ducks to strain V4 of Newcastle disease virus was markedly inferior to that of similar age groups of chickens. This suggested that this strain might not be a suitable vaccine strain for use in turkeys and ducks, even though the correlation between specific serum antibody and immunity in these species is not clearly understood. The 20-week-old group of chickens required two doses of 10(7.1) 50 per cent embryo infective doses (EID50) of the virus to develop a specific serum antibody titre comparable to 21-day-old chickens given one dose of 10(7.1) EID50 of virus.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Depression of contact sensitivity to oxazolone by the paramyxovirus of Newcastle disease. Impairment by infectious virus of effector T cells which mediate the response to contactant.

The paramyxovirus of Newcastle disease (NDV) impairs the contact sensitivity to oxazolone in CBA/J mice: in vitro treatment with the infectious virus inhibits the passive transfer of contact sensitivity. Experiments performed with three different virus preparations demonstrate that only the infectious virus is able to inhibit the hypersensitivity reaction while treatment of virus by heat or ultraviolet irradiation wipes out its inhibitory activity. These results suggest that I-NDV depresses the response to oxazolone by its action on T immunoblasts which mediate the response to contactant.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Newcastle disease virus in Taiwan: II, Relationship between polykaryocytosis and virus virulence.

Fifteen selcted local isolates and five known Newcastle disease virus strains were examined for their cytopathic effects in chick embryo kidney (CEK) cells, egg-infectious units in chick embryos (CE), virulence by mean death time, intracerebral and intravenous pathogenicity indexes for CE and chicks, and ability to cause polykaryocytosis of fusion from within (FFWI) or fusion from without (FFWO) in CEK and BHK-21 monolayer cells. The capacity of the different virus strains to induce cell FFWI at 15 hr post-infection was related to their virulence for CE and chicks, but cell FFWO did not seem to be any relationship with the virulence of the strains.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of Newcastle disease virus infection on the binding, phagocytic, and bactericidal activities of respiratory macrophages of the turkey.

Effects of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection on the binding, phagocytic, and bactericidal activities of turkey respiratory macrophages were studied. Respiratory macrophages of the turkey demonstrated the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and complement receptors but lacked IgM receptors. Respiratory macrophages from NDV-infected turkeys showed little or no depression of binding of sheep erythrocyte-IgG complexes and sheep erythrocyte-IgM-complement complexes to their appropriate membrane receptors. In contrast, respiratory macrophages from NDV-infected turkeys showed significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) depression of phagocytosis of similar complexes. Bacterial killing by respiratory macrophages from NDV-infected turkeys was significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) inhibited.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Identification of haemagglutinin-neuraminidase antibody binding sites by Western blot analysis of antibody-resistant mutants and partial digest fragments of Newcastle disease virus.

A collection of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which react with the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been used to isolate MAb-resistant mutants of the Beaudette C strain of NDV. The patterns of cross-reactivity of the HN proteins of these mutants against the collection of MAbs determined by Western blotting allowed the MAbs to be sorted into different groups. Protease V8 partial digest fragments of purified wild-type virions and subsequent reaction against the collection of MAbs using Western blotting provided an alternative method of grouping MAbs which broadly agreed with the former method. Chemical cleavage of the HN protein at aspartate-proline bonds followed by Western blotting of the fragments allowed the approximate position of certain MAb binding sites to be determined.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1982

Interferon production in mouse spleen cells and mouse fibroblasts (L cells) stimulated by various strains of Newcastle disease virus.

Interferon production in mouse spleen cells and mouse fibroblasts (L cells) stimulated by three strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Italian, La Sota and Ulster, was investigated. Strain Italian was fully infectious and highly virulent; strain Ulster exhibited very low infectivity and very low virulence; strain La Sota was between these extremes. All of these strains of MDBK cell-grown NDV could induce interferon in mouse spleen cells, and it was concluded that proteolytic cleavage of F0 protein of NDV and, consequently, virus penetration are not necessary for interferon induction in these cells. On the other hand, NDV with uncleaved F0, which was characterized by an apparent lack of haemolytic and cell fusion activity and infectivity for tissue culture cells, had no interferon-inducing ability in L cells. The cleavage of F0 protein was paralleled by an appearance of interferon-inducing activity in L cells.

Animals↗