SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Physical function”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

The CARES-SF used for prospective assessment of health-related quality of life after stem cell transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: By employing the Cancer Rehabilitation and Evaluation System short form (CARES-SF) prospectively we wanted to focus on the rehabilitation needs after high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and stem cell transplantation, in order to identify problems that should be addressed by health-care professionals during the course of disease and treatment. METHODS: The CARES-SF was administered before and at 2, 6 and 12 months post-transplant to 130 cancer patients treated with HDC and allogeneic (SCT) or autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Physical function scale scores were compared with the corresponding scale of the EORTC QLQ-C30. RESULTS: The SCT group reported significantly better physical function than the ASCT group before transplant on both the CARES-SF (p<0.0001) and the EORTC QLQ-C30 (p<0.01). Almost identical mean CARES-SF scores across groups (SCT: 0.7-1.4, ASCT: 0.8-1.3) were found at the subsequent assessments, consistent with the QLQ-C30 data. Correlations between CARES-SF and QLQ-C30 Physical Function Scales ranged from 0.45 to 0.65. The SCT group had better psychosocial subscale scores (mean 0.4 and 0.5 versus ASCT: 0.7 and 0.8, p < 0.01) at the 6 and 12-month assessments, as well as better satisfaction on the marital subscale ( p=0.01) 6 months post-transplant. Few patients requested specific help: 19% at baseline with 'fear of the cancer progressing' and 9% with 'reduction in physical energy' after 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSION: The CARES-SF detected differences across groups of patients as well as within-patient changes over time. The possibility for patients to express their need for professional assistance renders the CARES-SF appropriate after SCT/ASCT. The sexual, marital and medical interaction subscales in particular address specific issues of relevance for follow-up care, compared with more traditional questionnaires assessing health related quality of life (HRQOL).

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2001

Relationship between self-reported disability and caregiver hours.

OBJECTIVE: In a large, population-based cohort of patients with spinal cord dysfunction, we assessed the relationship between self-reported physical function and hours of care received. DESIGN: Data were obtained by a cross-sectional, self-administered survey used to help establish a national registry of veterans with spinal cord dysfunction. Participants were originally identified from Department of Veterans Affairs databases as having a high probability of spinal cord dysfunction. All 13,542 respondents reporting spinal cord dysfunction and also having complete data on physical function and caregiver hours (CGHs) were included. Physical function was measured using the Self-Reported Functional Measure, and CGHs were obtained from a self-report of hours of caregiving received during the last 2 wk. RESULTS: The relationship between self-reported disability and CGHs was strong (Spearman correlation = -0.70). Subjects with moderate levels of disability had the most variability in CGHs. After stratifying by total Self-Reported Functional Measure score, the strongest predictors of CGHs were instrumental activities of daily living and individual Self-Reported Functional Measure items, explaining a moderate amount of variation in CGHs. CONCLUSION: These data support the construct validity of the Self-Reported Functional Measure and suggest that self-reported disability measures can be of use in describing the clinical epidemiology of patients with spinal cord dysfunction.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2003

WRN interacts physically and functionally with the recombination mediator protein RAD52.

Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder that predisposes affected individuals to cancer development. The affected gene, WRN, encodes an RecQ homologue whose precise biological function remains elusive. Altered DNA recombination is a hallmark of WS cells suggesting that WRN plays an important role in these pathways. Here we report a novel physical and functional interaction between WRN and the homologous recombination mediator protein RAD52. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analyses show that WRN and RAD52 form a complex in vivo that co-localizes in foci associated with arrested replication forks. Biochemical studies demonstrate that RAD52 both inhibits and enhances WRN helicase activity in a DNA structure-dependent manner, whereas WRN increases the efficiency of RAD52-mediated strand annealing between non-duplex DNA and homologous sequences contained within a double-stranded plasmid. These results suggest that coordinated WRN and RAD52 activities are involved in replication fork rescue after DNA damage.

Blotting, Western↗

PubMed2006

Physical fitness, functional ability and quality of life in children with severe haemophilia: a pilot study.

In the Netherlands comparable levels of sports-participation between persons with haemophilia and healthy controls have been reported. This raises the question if children with haemophilia under the currently available prophylaxis do reach comparable levels of physical fitness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as their healthy peers. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of physical fitness, functional ability and quality of life and to determine the feasibility to safely test the exercise capacity of boys with severe haemophilia A. Thirteen subjects participated in this study. Physical fitness was determined using the measurement of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak) attained during a graded maximal exercise test to volitional exhaustion. Joint health, physical activity levels and health-related quality of life (Haemo-Qol) were also measured. Mean VO2peak was 1.86+/-0.77 L min-1 (Z-score: -0.39+/-1.61) which was not significantly different from reference values. Relative VO2peak was 47.42+/-8.29 mL min-1 kg-1 (Z-score: -0.52+/-1.43), which did not differ significantly from reference values either. One boy suffered a joint bleeding one day after the test. Haemo-Qol scores in parents and children ranged from 3.2% to 36.7% (100% reflects poor outcome). Relationship between the child or parent reports of Haemo-QoL and both absolute and relative VO2peak ranged from R=0.00 and R=0.4. Exercise testing in children with severe haemophilia A was a safe procedure. Patients with severe haemophilia A with good joint health and no limitations of activities have comparable physical fitness and physical active lifestyle with healthy peers and good HRQoL.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Physical and functional interaction between protein kinase C delta and Fyn tyrosine kinase in human platelets.

An increasing number of tyrosine kinases have been shown to associate with isoforms of the protein kinase C (PKC) family. Here, we show evidence for physical and functional interaction between PKCdelta and the Src family kinase Fyn in human platelets activated by alboaggregin-A, a snake venom capable of activating both GPIb-V-IX and GPVI adhesion receptors. This interaction involves phosphorylation of PKCdelta on tyrosine and is specific in that other isoforms of PKC, PKCepsilon and lambda, which also become tyrosine-phosphorylated, do not interact with Fyn. In addition, PKCdelta does not interact with other platelet-expressed tyrosine kinases Syk, Src, or Btk. Stimulation also leads to activation of both Fyn and PKCdelta and to serine phosphorylation of Fyn within a PKC consensus sequence. Alboaggregin-A-dependent activation of Fyn is blocked by bisindolylmaleimide I, suggesting a role for PKC isoforms in regulating Fyn activity. Platelet activation with alboaggregin-A induces translocation of the two kinases from cytoplasm to the plasma membrane of platelets, as observed by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Translocation of Fyn and PKCdelta are blocked by PP1 and bisindolylmaleimide I, showing a dependence upon Src and PKC kinase activities. Although PKC activity is required for translocation, it is not required for association between the two kinases, because this was not blocked by bisindolylmaleimide I. Rottlerin, which inhibited PKCdelta activity, did not block translocation of either PKCdelta or Fyn but potentiated platelet aggregation, 5-hydroxytryptamine secretion, and the calcium response induced by alboaggregin-A, indicating that this kinase plays a negative role in the control of these processes.

Biological Transport, Active↗

PubMed2005

Preliminary identification of core domains for outcome studies in psoriatic arthritis using Delphi methods.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a consensus based set of core domains for outcome studies in psoriatic arthritis. METHODS: A list of 26 potential domains was prepared through literature review and email discussions amongst the GRAPPA steering committee members and scored by rheumatologists identified through membership of the CASPAR study and the steering committee. Each participant was emailed an up to date review of outcome measures in psoriatic arthritis and asked to distribute 100 points amongst each potential domain. In two subsequent rounds the group median, interquartile range, and earlier responses were emailed to each respondent to provide an opportunity to revise their scoring. RESULTS: Thirty two participants responded to the first round, of whom 30 responded to the third round. For DC-ART, the highest scoring domains were actively inflamed joint count, radiological damage score, patient global assessment, pain, physical function, acute phase response, and quality of life (scores 7 to 12). For SMARD, the highest scoring domains were pain, patient global assessment, physical function, quality of life, and active joint count (scores 10 to 18). For clinical record keeping, three domains scored highly at 10 (pain, patient global assessment, and active joint count). For rehabilitation, the highest scoring domains were physical function, quality of life, pain, patient global assessment, work limitations, and work incapacity (scores 10 to 15). CONCLUSION: Amongst rheumatologists with an interest in psoriatic arthritis, a reduced list of potential standard outcome domains have been defined by Delphi consensus methods.

Arthritis, Psoriatic↗

PubMed1999

Executive functions and physical aggression after controlling for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, general memory, and IQ.

This study examined the role of ADHD in the association between physical aggression and two types of executive functions. Boys received a cognitive-neuropsychological test battery over the ages of 13, 14, and 15 years. Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC 2.25) data were collected from the boys and one parent between ages 14 and 16, and an IQ estimate was obtained at age 15. Three groups, differing in stability and level of physical aggression since kindergarten, were formed: Stable Aggressive, Unstable Aggressive, and Non-aggressive. Composite scores of validated executive function tests of working memory representing subjective ordering and conditional association learning were formed. A MANCOVA (N = 149) using ADHD status, teacher-rated negative emotionality, general memory abilities, and IQ as covariates was performed on the two composite scores. ADHD and teacher-rated emotionality did not provide significant adjustment to the dependent variables. Number of ADHD symptoms was negatively associated only with general memory and IQ. General memory contributed significantly to adjusting for conditional association test scores. Group differences indicated lower conditional association scores for Unstable Aggressive boys relative to the other groups. Both IQ and general memory abilities interacted with subjective ordering within the groups. Specifically, Stable Aggressive boys performed poorly on this measure and did not benefit from increases in IQ whereas Nonaggressive boys performed best and were not disadvantaged by lower general memory abilities. This suggests a relationship exists between aspects of working memory and a history of physical aggression regardless of ADHD and IQ.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Monitoring disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis in clinical practice: contributions from clinical trials.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a heterogeneous and progressive autoimmune disease, and patients with this condition show varied responses to treatment. Practical, reliable, individually tailored measures of disease activity and treatment responses are needed. Outcome measures used in randomized, controlled trials, including American College of Rheumatology response criteria and Disease Activity Scores, identify when treatment should be initiated or changed, but can be time consuming and impractical in daily practice. Simplified disease activity indices, abbreviated joint counts and patient-report questionnaires are more-convenient ways to assess therapeutic responses in the clinic. Patient-reported measures of physical function, pain and global disease activity best differentiate the results of active treatment from those of placebo treatment in randomized, controlled trials. Improvements in physical function closely reflect changes in health-related quality of life. Recent trials have demonstrated limited correlations between clinical responses and radiographically demonstrated responses; both should be assessed on a regular basis. It is recommended that three domains be assessed in the clinic for therapeutic responses: patient-reported measures of physical function and/or global disease activity; physician assessment of disease activity; and imaging of the hands and/or feet on a biannual basis. Problematic joints and cervical spine involvement should be followed as clinically indicated. Measures of improvement for individually relevant physical activities need to be defined for each patient.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMed2000

Social support exchange and quality of life among the Korean elderly.

This study examined the impact of providing and receiving support on the quality of life (QOL) of the elderly. Trained interviewers conducted face-to-face interviews with 714 rural community residents aged 60 and over in Korea. Subjects were asked a series of structured questions including age, sex, living arrangement, physical functions, and the frequency of providing and receiving support in their network (spouse, children, and friends). The Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale was used to measure degree of QOL. Results indicated that respondents had family-centered support networks. We found a significant correlation between support and physical functions and, less strongly, between support and age. When physical function was controlled, ANOVAs (Analyses of Variance) showed that providing support to their children and friends was more strongly related to QOL score than receiving support from the in both males and females. Overall, the elderly who exchanged support frequently, both providing and receiving support, showed the highest QOL in most situations. Researchers and policy makers should explore the potential benefits of providing support as well as receiving support.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

Pulmonary function and health-related quality of life in survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Although survival rates for acute respiratory distress syndrome have increased, there is only limited information regarding the quality of life and the relationship between quality of life and pulmonary function after survival. We prospectively measured pulmonary function, emotional function, and health-related quality of life in a cohort of acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors recruited from patients who were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of high versus low tidal volume mechanical ventilation at 1 year after their recovery. No significant differences were found between the patients treated with high and low tidal volumes on any pulmonary function measure. Approximately 80% of the patients in both groups demonstrated reduced diffusing capacity; 20% had airflow obstruction, and 20% had chest restriction. Scores on measures of depression and anxiety were within the normal ranges, suggesting that they did not have significant affective symptoms. However, both groups reported decreased health-related quality of life in physical functioning, physical ability to maintain their roles (role-physical), bodily pain, general health, and vitality (energy) on the Medical Outcome Study Short Form Health Survey with similar physical limitations reported on the Sickness Impact Profile questionnaire. The pulmonary function abnormalities correlated with decreased health-related quality of life for domains reflecting physical function. Acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors treated with high and low tidal volumes have abnormal pulmonary function that was related to decreased health-related quality of life 1 year after hospital discharge.

APACHE↗

PubMed2000

[Characteristics of "Tojikomori" and "Tojikomerare" among home disabled elderly: daily life of housebound elderly].

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A Japanese word Tojikomori means shutting oneself in a room or house, or generally withdrawing. It has been pointed out that Tojikomori results in a decline in mobility among disabled elderly living at home. As a result of the qualitative study, we have attempted to define two types of Tojikomori. The first type, or the narrowly defined Tojikomori, is the elderly who are housebound-inactive but have a high mobility level. The second type, Tojikomerare (the passive of Tojikomori), is the elderly who are housebound-inactive because of their low mobility. The purpose of this study is to describe characteristics of Tojikomori and Tojikomerare. METHODS: 321 disabled elderly (male: 122, female: 199, mean age 78.8) were interviewed at home by nurses in Wajima City, Japan, in 1998. The subjects were selected from the list of used in a screening survey, the Whole Wajima Elderly Survey. Mobility, life space, activity, physical function, psychosocial factors, caregiver's burden and caregiver's care to elderly were measured. The Tojikomerare subjects were operationally defined as the housebound-inactive elderly who were unable to walk. The Tojikomori were identified as the housebound-inactive elderly who were able to walk 5 yards but were unable to take a bus. RESULTS: Results obtained were as follows: 1. Housebound were not found among elders able to go out bus. There were 16 Tojikomori (10.1%) in subjects who were able to walk 5 yards (n = 153). Among the subjects who were unable to walk (n = 72), 49 people (68.1%) were classified as Tojikomerare. 2. The physical function, autonomy and social network of the Tojikomerare subjects were lowest among subjects unable to walk. They used day care least and received least care from their caregivers. In addition, their caregivers' burdens were modest. 3. Among the elderly who were able to walk 5 yards, autonomy and social network of the Tojikomori ranked lowest, although physical function was not low. CONCLUSION: Tojikomerare had lowest physical and psychosocial function, but they were cared for the least by caregivers. Tojikomori had the lowest psychosocial function among elderly who can walk 5 yards. The results suggest that it is important to evaluate the mobility, life space, and activity of the housebound elderly when providing community-based services.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2005

A comparison of quality of life in obese individuals with and without binge eating disorder.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates whether binge eating disorder (BED) in obese individuals is associated with a greater degree of impairment in quality of life (QOL) than obesity alone. METHOD: Treatment-seeking obese individuals with and without BED were compared on QOL scores using the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life (IWQOL-Lite) questionnaire. RESULTS: With the exception of the Physical Function subscale, obese individuals with BED scored significantly higher than non-BED participants on each of the subscales and on the total scale of the IWQOL-Lite. For all participants, body mass index (BMI) was related significantly to scores on the Physical Function and Public Distress subscales of the IWQOL-Lite. DISCUSSION: Obese individuals with BED have impaired functioning on psychosocial aspects of QOL in addition to poorer physical functioning associated with obesity. These findings underscore the pervasive impact of BED in obese individuals, as BED is associated with more impairment than obesity alone.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Comparing generic and disease-specific measures of physical and role functioning: results from the Veterans Health Study.

OBJECTIVES: This study compared the performance of generic measures of Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36-Item Health Survey physical functioning and role limitations with disease-specific measures of physical functioning and role limitations using specific disease attributions for chronic lung disease, chronic low back pain, and osteoarthritis of the knee. METHODS: Data were analyzed from the Veterans Health Study among patients receiving Veteran's Administration ambulatory care. Patients identified as having one of the three study conditions were included in the study (n = 932). RESULTS: The study revealed that the generic physical functioning and role limitations scales had higher correlations with other generic SF-36 scales, whereas disease-specific attribution measures had larger R2 values in explaining variability in symptom-based disease severity and larger t statistic values in discriminating the impacts of patients taking medications and having surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The generic measures of physical functioning and role limitations were more applicable in assessing a broad array of health-related quality-of-life issues, whereas disease-specific measures of physical functioning and role limitations were more useful in evaluating clinical management and limitations associated with specific disease conditions. The results of the study suggest that the use of disease-specific attribution assessments was more cost-efficient than the development of new disease-specific instruments. Disease-specific attribution could be used to complement generic measures in assessing patient outcomes.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1994

Monitoring dialysis patients' health status.

We report 3 years of experience with quarterly assessments of the self-reported health of dialysis outpatients using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) Health Survey. The SF-36 measures eight different dimensions of health: physical function, role limitations due to physical problems, bodily pain, general health perceptions, vitality, social function, role limitations due to emotional problems, and general mental health. On each dimensions, the respondent receives a score from 0 to 100. A higher score indicates better health. Program logistics and results are described, including reliability coefficients, standard deviations, and standard errors of measurement for the SF-36 in this patient population. The SF-36 was completed an average of 4.4 times by 112 patients over an average 14-month follow-up; 40 patients responded at least six times. On most dimensions, the dialysis patients' scores were lower and more variable than those of a sample of the general US population matched for age and sex. For example, mean initial physical function score (+/- SD) was 48.5 +/- 31.2 for the dialysis patients and 84.8 +/- 23.3 for the general population. The mean initial general health perception score of the dialysis patients was 43.7 +/- 23.9 with 71.9 +/- 20.3 for the general population. In contrast, general mental health scores were more comparable. The mean initial general mental health score was 69.6 +/- 17.5 for our patients and 75.5 +/- 18.0 for the general population. Reliability (Cronbach's alpha) ranged from 0.77 for general mental health to 0.93 for physical function. The 95% confidence intervals around individual scores were approximately 20 points, except for role-physical and role-emotional, which were both approximately 30 points. Two case reports compare information obtained from the SF-36 with the dialysis team's assessments of the patient, as recorded in the medical record. The two patients' comments on reviewing their SF-36 results are also summarized. Patient reactions to the health status assessment program are explored, and potential benefits and areas for further work are outlined. Serial measurement of the health status of dialysis patients allows the recognition of clear patterns in individual patient responses. These patterns sometimes suggest that the patient is either substantially more or less impaired than the dialysis team had thought. Changes in these patterns, both transient and protracted, frequently exceed 95% confidence intervals for patient-level scores. Longitudinal health status profiles of individual dialysis patients, accumulated by repeated self-assessment using the SF-36, enhance rather than merely restate the providers' intuitive judgments expressed in the medical record.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Physical and functional interaction of Acyl-CoA-binding protein with hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha.

Although acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) has been detected in the nucleus, the physiological significance of this observation is unknown. As shown herein for the first time, ACBP in the nucleus physically and functionally interacted with hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha (HNF-4 alpha), a nuclear binding protein that regulates transcription of genes involved in both lipid and glucose metabolism. Five lines of evidence showed that ACBP bound HNF-4 alpha in vitro and in the nucleus of intact cells. (i) ACBP interaction with HNF-4 alpha elicited significant changes in secondary structure. (ii) ACBP and HNF-4 alpha were coimmunoprecipitated by antibodies to each protein. (iii) Double immunolabeling and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) of rat hepatoma cells and transfected COS-7 cells significantly colocalized ACBP and HNF-4 alpha within the nucleus and in the perinuclear region close to the nuclear membrane. (iv) LSCM fluorescence resonance energy transfer determined an intermolecular distance of 53 A between ACBP and HNF-4 alpha in rat hepatoma cell nuclei. (v) Immunogold electron microscopy detected ACBP within 43 A of HNF-4 alpha. These interactions were specific since ACBP did not interact with Sp1 or glucocorticoid receptor in these assays. The functional significance of ACBP interaction with HNF-4 alpha was evidenced by mammalian two-hybrid and transactivation assays. ACBP overexpression in COS-7 or rat hepatoma cells enhanced transactivation of an HNF-4 alpha-dependent luciferase reporter plasmid by 3.2- and 1.6-fold, respectively. In contrast, cotransfection with antisense ACBP expression vector inhibited transactivation. LSCM of the individual triple fluorescent-labeled (HNF-4 alpha, ACBP, and luciferase) rat hepatoma cells showed a high correlation (r2, 0.936) between the level of luciferase and the level of ACBP expression. In summary, ACBP physically interacted with HNF-4 alpha in vitro and in intact cells, although ACBP expression level directly correlated with HNF-4 alpha-mediated transactivation in individual cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Physical and functional analysis of the prokaryotic enhancer of the sigma 54-promoters of the TOL plasmid of Pseudomonas putida.

The physical and the functional organization of the upstream cis-acting sequence that controls at a distance the transcriptional activity of Pu and Ps, the two sigma 54-dependent promoters of the TOL (toluene/xylene biodegradation) operons of Pseudomonas putida, have been determined. DNase I and hydroxyl radical footprinting of the promoters with the purified and pre-activated enhancer-binding protein XylR clearly indicated the presence of two distinct binding sites (proximal and distal) that were occupied independently and did not share an evident sequence similarity. However, alignment of the sequence on the basis of the cleavage protection patterns, along with those produced on Po, a third XylR-responsive promoter of a phenol degradation operon, generated a consensus sequence 5'-TTGATCAATTGATCAA-3' having greater similarity to the proximal than to the distal boxes. To verify that this consensus was the sequence recognized by XylR, we footprinted in vitro a synthetic site, the results indicating that it was strongly bound by the activator with the predicted pattern of interactions. The mode of protection indicated that XylR recognized the sequence as a palindrome and not as a tandem repeat, interacting with it on one side of the DNA helix. In vivo experiments involving directed deletions through the entire 5' region of the Pu promoter confirmed that the proximal XylR-binding sequence suffices for promoter activity. In vivo data also suggested that XylR binding to the upstream sequences promoted the assembly of the oligomeric form of the activator that is competent for transcription initiation.

Bacterial Proteins↗

PubMed2004

Can culture help explain the physical health effects of caregiving over time among African American caregivers?

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to longitudinally examine the health outcomes of 107 African American caregivers who provided care to their elderly dependent family members and to determine the role of culture in predicting health outcomes. METHODS: With use of the stress and coping model of Pearlin and colleagues (1990) as a guide, the direct effects of background characteristics and stressors and the direct and mediating effects of resources (including culture) on two caregiver health outcomes (i.e., psychosocial health and physical functioning) were analyzed with hierarchical multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: Similar to other studies, we found that combinations of caregiver background characteristics, stressors, and resources at wave 1 had direct effects on African American caregivers' health outcomes at wave 3. Unlike previous studies, where culture was not measured, we found that cultural beliefs and values did help to explain health outcomes for African American caregivers. Specifically, culture justifications for caregiving, baseline psychosocial health, and caregiving mastery predicted wave 3 psychosocial health. Caregiver education, number of morbidities, and physical functioning at wave 1 were associated with physical functioning at wave 3. DISCUSSION: The findings from this study have implications for future studies, particularly in regard to cultural beliefs and values among African American caregivers.

Black or African American↗

PubMed1988

Physical and functional analyses of the syrA and syrB genes involved in syringomycin production by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae.

The syrA and syrB genes involved in syringomycin production in Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B301D were identified from an EcoRI-pLAFR3 cosmid library and then physically and functionally analyzed in relation to plant pathogenicity. Homologous recombination of the genes required for syringomycin production from cosmids pGX183 (syrA) and pGX56 (syrB), respectively, introduced into nontoxigenic (Tox-) Tn5 mutants W4S2545 and W4S770 resulted in the concomitant restoration of toxin production and full virulence. The disease indices of the Tox+ strains obtained by recombination of the cloned, homologous DNA into the corresponding Tn5 mutant were essentially equivalent to that of strain B301D-R and significantly higher than those of W4S2545 and W4S770. A 12-kilobase (kb) EcoRI fragment from pGX183 was subcloned (i.e., pGX15) and found to contain the sequences necessary for syringomycin production. A map of pGX15 prepared by a combination of restriction endonuclease digestions and Tn5 mutagenesis showed that the syrA sequence was 2.3 to 2.8 kb. Marker exchange of syrA::Tn5 from pGX15 into B301D-R yielded nonpathogenic phenotypes, indicating that syrA is a regulatory gene since it is necessary for both syringomycin production and pathogenicity. The 4.9-kb EcoRI fragment from pGX56 was subcloned (i.e., pGX4) and shown to carry the syrB sequence which was 2.4 to 3.3 kb. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of protein extracts from B301D-R associated five proteins, ranging from approximately 130,000 to approximately 470,000 in molecular weight, with syringomycin production. The syrA and syrB genes were required for the formation of proteins SR4 (approximately 350,000) and SR5 (approximately 130,000), which are believed to be components of the syringomycin synthetase complex.

Bacterial Proteins↗