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PubMed1991

Effects of hyperprolactinemia on ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine levels in seminal vesicles of genetically prolactin-deficient adult dwarf mice.

Prolactin (PRL) has been shown to exert many different actions in various biological systems. Polyamines are known to influence the growth and function of the seminal vesicles (SV). Furthermore, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is considered a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines and is regulated by PRL in certain target tissues. Adult Ames dwarf mice (df/df), genetically deficient in PRL, were used for this study. The experimental groups were as follows: Group 1, pituitary-grafted; Group 2, sham-operated; Group 3, castrated + testosterone propionate (TP)-treated (25 micrograms/mouse, 3 times/wk, s.c.) + grafted; and Group 4, castrated + TP as above. The animals were killed 40 days later, and polyamines and ODC activity in SV and liver were determined. Serum PRL, FSH, and testosterone (T) were also measured. In the grafted groups, there were significant elevations in serum PRL and FSH levels. In the gonad-intact, pituitary-grafted group, animals exhibited an elevation in plasma T levels, and similar levels were achieved in the castrated, androgen-replaced groups. In hyperprolactinemic mice, the weights of SV were significantly greater than in the corresponding control groups. The relative weights of the SV showed a similar pattern. An increase in ODC activity was observed in both SV and liver in hyperprolactinemic groups. In those animals in which serum T levels were held constant, an increase in the enzyme activity in SV was detected in hyperprolactinemic group whereas in liver, no significant difference was observed. Concentrations of polyamines in the SV were increased in hyperprolactinemic, castrated, TP-treated mice. The present results indicate that PRL can exert a direct stimulatory effect on the growth, ODC activity, and polyamine levels in the SV.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Transamidase reactions involved in the enzymic coagulation of semen: isolation of -glutamyl- -lysine dipeptide from clotted secretion protein of guinea pig seminal vesicle.

New supportive evidence is advanced in favor of the hypothesis that the enzymic coagulation of guinea pig semen involves transamidase reactions that result in the formation of gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine intermolecular cross linkages between molecules of a basic protein in seminal vesicle secretion. The dipeptide gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine was isolated in large quantities from proteolytic digests of the coagulated basic vesicular secretion protein that comprises the seminal clot.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1988

Chronic prostatitis and prostatodynia: ultrasonographic alterations of the prostate, bladder neck, seminal vesicles and periprostatic venous plexus.

Transrectal ultrasonography was performed in 121 patients with the chronic prostatitis syndrome (CPS), and in 20 patients with urological pathology not involving the prostate gland. The ultrasonographic aspects of the seminal vesicles (SV) in normal subjects and in patients with the CPS are described. In the latter group, characteristic ultrasonographic patterns can often be obtained, even in patients affected by prostatodynia, in whom all the other clinical and laboratory findings were absent. They consisted of: (a) dyshomogeneous echo-structure of the prostate; (b) constant dilatation of the periprostatic venous plexus, greater than 150 mm2; (c) dilated, elongated SV, with thickening of their inner septa (they are sometimes asymmetrical), and (d) bladder neck hypertrophy.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Seminal vesicles and its importance in the regulation of male fertility.

During experimental studies on the physiological significance of accessory sex glands, it was documented that excision of prostate in rats did not affect fecundity; conversely, surgical removal of seminal vesicles or its plasma consistently made the animals infertile. However, fertility of the plasma-removed animals was found to return to normalcy after 3 weeks following the surgical manipulation. Human chorionic gonadotropin or testosterone treatment starting immediately after surgical manipulation of the vesicular plasma retained fertility throughout the test period. The importance of seminal vesicular plasma in terms of male fertility has been discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A structural and cytochemical study of the effects of gossypol on the epithelial cells of the guinea-pig seminal vesicle.

Gossypol acetic acid, given to guinea-pigs at a concentration of 10 mg/kg daily for up to 7 weeks, exerted an inhibitory effect on the secretory activity of the glandular cells of the seminal vesicles. The diminished secretory function was associated with a decrease in thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) (EC 3.6.1.6) activity in the luminal border and the Golgi cisternae. There was no increase in cytoplasmic filaments, and mitochondrial damage was not observed. The most striking effect was on the basal lamina, where the lamina densa increased significantly in thickness, while the lamina lucida decreased marginally in thickness. This was coupled with an increase in proteoglycan content on both sides of the lamina densa. It would appear that gossypol reduces the luminal secretory function on the one hand, while it increases the basal secretory activity on the other, thus modifying the structure of the basal lamina. The functional significance of these changes remains unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Two unusual conditions simulating ectopic ureterocele. Unilateral hydrometrocolpos with ipsilateral renal agenesis or hypoplasia, and ectopic ureteral opening into a seminal vesicle.

The clinical and radiologic findings in two infants are presented, one with unilateral hydrometrocolpos and ipsilateral renal agenesis or hypoplasia and the other with ureteral duplication with one of the ureters opening into a cystically dilated seminal vesicle. The excretory urograms of both infants suggested ectopic ureterocele. Further radiologic investigation, including lateral views of the bladder, led to the correct preoperative diagnosis. Both conditions are relatively rare, and their appearance simulating ectopic ureteroceleis even more uncommon.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Distensibility and responsiveness of the rat seminal vesicle: effects of denervation and pretreatment of animals with 6-hydroxydopamine and reserpine.

Slow filling (0.03 ml/min) to 25 cm H2O transluminal hydrostatic pressure established an internal volume ("end-filling volume"; V) in rat seminal vesicles which was optimal for the production of maximal isovolumetric contractions. Because of variations in the size and empty wet weight (W) of vesicles from mature rats, this method for standardizing base-line conditions was superior to the application of a standard volume to preload all organs. The slow-filling procedure to establish base-line conditions yielded a parameter (V/W) which was an index of organ distensibility; therefore, both mechanical and pharmacological properties could be related in each organ. V/W was reasonably constant and independent of organ weight; regression analysis showed K = V/W3/4. Pretreatment of animals with 6-hydroxydopamine. HBr (100 mg/kg 2 weeks, plus 50 mg/kg 1 week, before sacrifice) and surgical postganglionic denervation (9 to 12 days before sacrifice) significantly increased V/W, had no effect on W and resulted in a 40% increase in the maximum response to norepinephrine. The EC50 of norepinephrine was slightly increased after 6-hydroxydopamine-pretreatment. Short-term reserpine-pretreatment (5 mg/kg 2 days plus 2.5 mg/kg 1 day, before sacrifice) produces better norepinephrine depletion than 6-hydroxydopamine but did not modify V/W. The results suggest that the stress-strain relationship and elastic properties of sympathetically innervated tissues are subject to the long-term influence of nerve activity.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

An analysis of risk factors for biochemical progression in patients with seminal vesicle invasion: validation of Kattan's nomogram in a pathological subgroup.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the ability of a recently published nomogram to predict failure after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) in a cohort of patients with seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) of the resected specimen, widely regarded as a very poor prognostic factor in patients with prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Men with SVI after RRP were analysed retrospectively; patients with positive lymph nodes, adjuvant radiotherapy or hormone therapy were excluded. Age, race, baseline prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, clinical stage, Gleason score, margin status, perineural invasion, capsular invasion, laterality and route of invasion were recorded. Biochemical recurrence was defined as one PSA measurement of 0.4 ng/mL. Biochemical disease-free survival probability was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. Kattan's nomogram was applied to each patient and a receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve produced to assess the test's reliability. RESULTS: In all, 67 patients with SVI were identified (mean age 64.6 years, sd 5.9; median follow-up 30.5 months). Biochemical disease-free survival was significantly better for men with negative margins, unilateral SVI and perineural invasion. No other significant factors were detected. The median (95% confidence limit) area under the ROC curve was 0.739 (0.604-0.847). CONCLUSION: There were significant prognostic differences for three of the factors assessed. Although components of the Kattan nomogram were not significant in this group its predictive value approached that found originally, suggesting that it can be applied to patients with SVI in helping to direct adjuvant therapy and guide postoperative counselling.

Disease Progression↗
PubMed2000

Autophagy in the epithelial cells of murine seminal vesicle in vitro. Formation of large sheets of nascent isolation membranes, sequestration of the nucleus and inhibition by wortmannin and 3-ethyladenine.

The spontaneous autophagic activity in epithelial cells of isolated tissue slices of murine seminal vesicle is strongly enhanced by short (5 min) pretreatment in a medium containing 0.03% Triton X-100. In addition to the significant increase in the cytoplasmic volume fraction and the mean size of autophagic vacuoles, the appearance of shorter or longer smooth membrane pairs located between cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and in the vicinity of nucleus is also greatly stimulated. Their morphological features observed after application of various fixation methods, freeze-substitution and freeze-fracture techniques show that they are unclosed nascent isolation membranes, representing a unique class of intracellular membranes. They may grow around the nucleus, leading to its complete autophagic sequestration and degradation, which is observed here for the first time. Treatment with 3-methyladenine or wortmannin inhibits the formation of autophagosomes, leading to their regression with a halving time of 7 min. In contrast, these inhibitors cause extremely fast shrinking of nascent isolating membranes, leading to their complete disappearance within 7 min. We propose that the early events of autophagy involve three main steps: initiation, growth and closure, and suggest that the growth of nascent isolation membranes is reversible i.e. the membranes may be subject to disassembly before their closure is completed. Bending and closure of the isolation membrane and the stability of neighbouring cellular structures appear as important determinants of size regulation. These early steps of autophagy are good candidates for very fast accommodation to changing conditions and subtle regulation by phosphoinositide kinases as indicated by wortmannin sensitivity.

Adenine↗
PubMed2006

Retained seminal vesicles after radical prostatectomy: frequency, MRI characteristics, and clinical relevance.

OBJECTIVE: Changes after radical prostatectomy (RP) may present potential pitfalls in the interpretation of pelvic MRI studies in post-RP patients. One such change is retained seminal vesicles (SVs). The purpose of this study was to characterize the MRI features and evaluate the frequency of retained SV remnants in patients after RP. CONCLUSION: Retained SV remnants are a common finding after RP. Most are fibrotic distal tips. Recognition of SV remnants may prevent their misinterpretation as local recurrences.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Inhibition of interleukin-1 release and activity by the rat seminal vesicle protein SV-IV.

SV-IV, a 9.8-kd protein isolated from rat seminal vesicle secretion, has been shown to have strong non-species-specific immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and antiphospholipase A2 properties. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the mechanism of action of its immunosuppressive effects. It was found that SV-IV is a potent inhibitor of interleukin-1 (IL-1) release from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated human adherent monocytes and an effective inhibitor of IL-1-induced thymocyte proliferation. The ability of SV-IV to form a noncovalent dimeric association with IL-1 alpha but not with IL-1 beta, its ability to induce a marked decrease of IL-1 binding to its own receptors on the thymocyte surface, and its capacity to bind specifically to the macrophage plasma membrane might play an important role in the molecular mechanism of these inhibitory effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of dipyridamole on the formation of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha by the rat isolated aorta and ram seminal vesicle microsomes.

1 Dipyridamole (1 and 10 muM) enhanced the production of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha by rat aortic tissue. 2 Dipyridamole (5 to 40 muM) did not influence the PGI2-synthetase activity in ram seminal vesicle microsomes whereas, in concentrations ranging from 100 to 200 muM, it reduced the metabolism of exogenously added arachidonic acid. The latter effect may be due to an inhibition of the cyclooxygenase.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1983

Ectopic ureter with seminal vesicle insertion in an infant with tracheoesophageal fistula and possible adult polycystic kidney disease.

We report on a male newborn with a tracheoesophageal fistula and possible adult polycystic kidney disease as well as a single ectopic ureter with seminal vesicle insertion. There is an association of tracheoesophageal fistula, hindgut and sacral anomalies with ureteral ectopia but adult polycystic kidney disease has not been described. The diagnostic modalities currently available are discussed, as well as the implications of the association with other anomalies.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1985

Stimulation of prostacyclin production by vitamin C in ram seminal vesicle microsomes: possible mode of action.

The enhancing effect of vitamin C on the conversion of arachidonic acid, endoperoxide G2 and endoperoxide H2 to 6-keto-PGF 1 alpha, the stable metabolite of prostacyclin, by ram seminal vesicle microsomes was further investigated. From the incubations of these substrates with 1-tryptophan, catalase, superoxide dismutase and 15-HPETE it became clear that vitamin C apparently acts mainly through neutralization of the oxidative species formed during the reduction of endoperoxide G2 to endoperoxide H2. Although it has also a more direct stimulating activity on the prostacyclin synthase, a possible interference with hydroperoxy derivatives of arachidonic acid cannot be completely ruled out.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Prediction of seminal vesicle invasion in prostate cancer: incremental value of adding endorectal MR imaging to the Kattan nomogram.

PURPOSE: To retrospectively determine whether endorectal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings contribute incremental value to the Kattan nomogram for predicting seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) in patients with prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board issued a waiver of authorization, which included a waiver of informed consent, for this HIPAA-compliant study. From October 2000 through January 2005, 573 patients (mean age, 58.3 years; age range, 36-86 years) underwent endorectal MR imaging before prostate cancer surgery. The endorectal MR imaging results had been prospectively interpreted by seven radiologists, and the likelihood of SVI was retrospectively scored on the basis of radiologists' written reports. MR imaging findings, individual clinical variables (serum prostate-specific antigen [PSA] level, Gleason grade, clinical stage, greatest percentage of cancer in all biopsy cores, percentage of positive cores in all biopsy cores, and perineural invasion), and the Kattan nomogram were evaluated with respect to SVI prediction; surgical pathologic analysis was used as the reference standard. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed. RESULTS: At pathologic analysis, 28 (4.9%) of 573 patients had SVI. At univariate analysis, endorectal MR imaging results and all clinical variables except the percentage of positive biopsy cores were significantly associated with SVI (P<.02); endorectal MR imaging (0.76) had a larger area under the ROC curve (AUC) than any clinical variable (0.62-0.73). At multivariate analysis, endorectal MR imaging results, Gleason grade, PSA level, and the percentage of cancer in all biopsy cores were significantly associated with SVI (P<or=.02). The Kattan nomogram plus endorectal MR imaging (0.87) had a significantly larger (P<.05) AUC than either endorectal MR imaging alone (0.76) or the Kattan nomogram alone (0.80). CONCLUSION: The addition of endorectal MR imaging contributes significant incremental value to the Kattan nomogram for predicting SVI.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Is seminal vesicle ablation mandatory for all patients undergoing radical prostatectomy? A multivariate analysis on 1283 patients.

OBJECTIVE: With a shift in prostate cancer stage and a majority of patients operated nowadays with PSA levels <10 ng/ml, rates of seminal vesicle (SV) invasion found on radical prostatectomy specimens have decreased as compared to historical data. Since SV-sparing surgery may possibly have an influence on post-operative erectile dysfunction and urinary recovery, we tried to determine which patients could be safely spared SV excision during radical prostatectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used preoperative data from 1283 patients operated by radical retropubic prostatectomy--777 with serum PSA <10.0 ng/ml--to predict SV invasion on final pathological examination. Variables analyzed included age, digital rectal examination, serum PSA, biopsy Gleason score and percentage of biopsy cores invaded by prostate cancer. Statistical analysis included univariate, multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: Out of 1283 patients, 137 (10.6%) had SV involvement, 41/777 (5.2%) with PSA <10.0 ng/ml, 16.1% in the 10-20 ng/ml range and 26.2% when PSA was >20 ng/ml. Percentage of biopsies affected by prostate cancer and biopsy Gleason score were significant predictors of SV invasion in multivariate analysis, both in the entire population and in the subset of patients with PSA <10.0 ng/ml (p < 0.0001). Probability graphs created for patients with PSA <10 ng/ml indicate a risk of seminal invasion <5% when Gleason score on biopsy is <7 or when the percentage of biopsies affected by cancer is <50%. CONCLUSIONS: Resection of SV might not be "oncologically" necessary in all patients undergoing RP when PSA levels are below 10 ng/ml except when biopsy Gleason score is > or =7 or when more than 50% of prostate biopsy cores show cancer involvement. SV-sparing surgery could be prospectively compared to standard retropubic prostatectomy in selected individuals analyzing potential benefits on erectile function and urinary continence.

Aged↗