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In this paper, we have brought forward the framework design of DICOM software platform, using the SUR-DICOM-Lib software and have completed the connection test with the RSNA-CTNT Test Node. PACS, DICOM, realize
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The development of software during the past 30 years has been just as dramatic in many respects as that of hardware. Whereas future developments in hardware technology can be expected to provide smaller, cheaper, and more powerful computers as has been the case during the past 25 years, future developments in software technology can be expected to play the equally important role of expanding the user base for computers, thus making it economically feasible to exploit new technologies on the hardware side. Although today's computer software offerings are very broad indeed in terms of the variety of tasks they perform, one can reasonably expect that entirely new uses will be found for computers, through the development of new types of software, in the future. By exploiting the huge memory capacities of today's newer computers, future software will be much easier to use and will be capable of carrying out several tasks simultaneously. It will also be much more forgiving, adapting itself automatically to the work style (and probably also to the mistakes) of the user. By incorporating at least a part of what constitutes the stock of knowledge in particular applications, so-called "expert systems," one may expect future software, particularly in areas such as financial and statistical analysis, to enable the computer to work more as a partner or colleague than as an unintelligent (albeit very fast) tool. Perhaps to an even greater extent in the future than has been true to date, the evolution of the computer as a useful tool will depend on software, rather than hardware, innovation. The hardware advances necessary to place hearing, speaking, seeing, and even thinking computers on everyone's desktop, each of which would be able to provide ready access to truly mind-boggling quantities of information, is at hand. Only the software really remains to be developed.
This article examines the requirements of EN 60601-1-4, which states that risk management is an integral part of the development of software for medical devices. Food and Drug Administration regulations are also compared to the requirements of the Medical Device Directive to provide guidance on developing software for the European and US markets.
BACKGROUND: Association mapping using abundant single nucleotide polymorphisms is a powerful tool for identifying disease susceptibility genes for complex traits and exploring possible genetic diversity. Genotyping large numbers of SNPs individually is performed routinely but is cost prohibitive for large-scale genetic studies. DNA pooling is a reliable and cost-saving alternative genotyping method. However, no software has been developed for complete pooled-DNA analyses, including data standardization, allele frequency estimation, and single/multipoint DNA pooling association tests. This motivated the development of the software, 'PDA' (Pooled DNA Analyzer), to analyze pooled DNA data. RESULTS: We develop the software, PDA, for the analysis of pooled-DNA data. PDA is originally implemented with the MATLAB language, but it can also be executed on a Windows system without installing the MATLAB. PDA provides estimates of the coefficient of preferential amplification and allele frequency. PDA considers an extended single-point association test, which can compare allele frequencies between two DNA pools constructed under different experimental conditions. Moreover, PDA also provides novel chromosome-wide multipoint association tests based on p-value combinations and a sliding-window concept. This new multipoint testing procedure overcomes a computational bottleneck of conventional haplotype-oriented multipoint methods in DNA pooling analyses and can handle data sets having a large pool size and/or large numbers of polymorphic markers. All of the PDA functions are illustrated in the four bona fide examples. CONCLUSION: PDA is simple to operate and does not require that users have a strong statistical background. The software is available at http://www.ibms.sinica.edu.tw/%7Ecsjfann/first%20flow/pda.htm.
The main goal of Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) technology is to improve the entire software system development process. The CASE approach is not merely a technology; it involves a fundamental change in the process of software development. The tendency of the CASE approach, technically speaking, is the integration of tools that assist in the application of specific methods. In this sense, the environment architecture, which includes the platform and the system's hardware and software, constitutes the base of the CASE environment. The problem of tools integration has been proposed for two decades. Current integration efforts emphasize the interoperability of tools, especially in distributed environments. In this work we use the Brown approach. The environment resulting from the application of this model is called a federative environment, focusing on the fact that this architecture pays special attention to the connections among the components of the environment. This approach is now being used in component-based design. This paper describes a concrete experience in civil engineering and architecture fields, for the construction of an integrated CASE environment. A generic architectural framework based on an intermediary architectural pattern is applied to achieve the integration of the different tools. This intermediary represents the control perspective of the PAC (Presentation-Abstraction-Control) style, which has been implemented as a Mediator pattern and it has been used in the interactive systems domain. In addition, a process is given to construct the integrated CASE.
This study aims to develop a software prototype to help hospital nurses plan nursing care, and carry out nursing interventions and all documentation in a computerized way. The methodology is based on the life cycle of system development, particularly the prototype concept, involving two phases: definition and development. The definition phase began with the planning stage, followed by the definition and analysis of requirements for the construction, and culminated with the specification of the software requirements. The development phase translated the group of requirements into a computerized model, structured in 10 modules, regarding the nursing care system process. The performance of this innovative resource in the different stages of the nursing care system process will be analyzed in future studies.
The monitor chamber of a radiotherapy system needs to be calibrated once a week. Because the calibration procedure requires a large variety of complicated calculations, we have developed software that facilitates calculation and enables comparison and storage of data. According to the standard measurement of absorbed dose, we used Visual Basic 6.0 (Microsoft Corp.) to establish the calibration method. This new technique has simplified the conventional intricate calculation required for calibration of the monitor chamber and enabled automatic processing of calculated results. We have confirmed the usefulness of this software in calibrating the monitor chamber. In the routine inspection, we can compare the current data with former results. Because of this advantage, it is possible to eliminate serious accidents such as overdosing and underdosing.
We developed a software package for improved free energy calculation, in which spherical solvent boundary potential, cell multipole method, and Nosé-Hoover equation are employed. The performance of the developed software package is demonstrated in the case of valine to alanine mutation of the 57th residue in chymotrypsin inhibitor 2. By using this package, we obtained results quantitatively comparable to experimental results. By the free energy component analysis, it is shown that leucine 51, arginine 65, arginine 67, and phenylalanine 69 residues contribute significantly to the total free energy shift, deltadeltaG. Among them, contribution from the hydrophilic arginine 67 residue, which is in close contact with the mutation site, is the largest. Structure around the mutation site is largely changed by the mutation. The structure change is caused mainly by two effects, hydrophobic interaction and short-range interaction along the sequence. Effects of Nosé-Hoover algorithm and Kirkwood reaction field are also discussed.
Software for the personal computer dramatically changes the ease with which managers of research and development can use network planning to guide projects to completion in the academic medical center setting. A case study of the use of the Critical Path Method (CPM) and Project Evaluation and Review Technic (PERT) in planning and implementing transcutaneous pCO2 monitoring by a department of laboratory medicine illustrates the utility and efficiency of these network planning technics. By means of iterative PERT analyses, the project was kept on track, despite an overly optimistic estimate of the completion date initially and intense demand by clinicians for use of the new monitoring technic in the management of premature infants with respiratory disease. Additionally, the iterative management approach improved project participants' expertise in estimating and meeting deadlines. Network planning is fully adaptable to the IBM PC or an equivalent microcomputer. This article summarizes several excellent project management software packages that have become available recently.
The interactive visualization of large biological assemblies poses a number of challenging problems, including the development of multiresolution representations and new interaction methods for navigating and analyzing these complex systems. An additional challenge is the development of flexible software environments that will facilitate the integration and interoperation of computational models and techniques from a wide variety of scientific disciplines. In this paper, we present a component-based software development strategy centered on the high-level, object-oriented, interpretive programming language: Python. We present several software components, discuss their integration, and describe some of their features that are relevant to the visualization of large molecular assemblies. Several examples are given to illustrate the interoperation of these software components and the integration of structural data from a variety of experimental sources. These examples illustrate how combining visual programming with component-based software development facilitates the rapid prototyping of novel visualization tools.
In the management of neurological intensive care patients with an intracranial space-consuming process the measurement and recording of intracranial pressure together with arterial blood pressure is of special interest. These parameters can be used to monitor the treatment of brain edema and hypertension. Intracranial pressure measurement is also important in the diagnosis of the various subtypes of hydrocephalus. Not only the absolute figures, but also the recognition of specific pressure-patterns is of particular clinical and scientific interest. This new, easily installed and inexpensive system comprises a PC and a conventional monitor, which are connected by an AD-conversion card. Our software, specially developed for this system demonstrates, stores and prints the online-course and the trend of the measurements. In addition it is also possible to view the online-course of conspicuous parts of the trend curve retrospectively and to use these values for statistical analyses. Object-orientated software development techniques were used for flexible graphic output on the screen, printer or to a file. Though developed for this specific purpose, this system is also suitable for recording continuous, longer-term measurements in general.
OBJECTIVE: This study was to explore a CAD method for constructing occlusal and proximal surfaces of inlays using reverse engineering (RE) software and to develop a CAD software for the inlay fabrication. METHODS: The dentition model of a volunteer with individual normal occlusion was scanned with a 3D mechanical scanner. The scanned objects were prepared teeth with G. V. Black class I, class II and class VI (MOD) cavities, neighbor teeth, intercuspal position (ICP) record, and functional bite record (or functional generate path, FGP). Inlays were constructed based on RE technology using the database of Chinese normal teeth. RESULTS: The technique guideline of inlay CAD was developed based on RE softwares. Inlays designed with CAD technique showed smooth and continuous contours. The occlusal and proximal contacts of inlay met physiologic demands. CONCLUSIONS: It is a feasible method to develop a CAD software for inlay fabrication based on RE software.
A microcomputer system for maintaining data on intravenous piggyback (IVPB) admixture use and for generating labels for IVPB admixtures is described. The system was developed in a 558-bed hospital where the pharmacy compounds 500-800 i.v. admixtures daily. The objectives were to (1) provide an electronic profile with quick patient-search capabilities, (2) reduce time spent and errors occurring in labeling, (3) decrease duplication and consequent waste of admixtures, and (4) improve collection of drug-use statistics. Software was developed by the pharmacist to achieve these objectives. When a drug order is entered, files are automatically searched for duplication. Every 24 hours, labels for the entire patient profile are printed and statistics are generated on types of drugs used, number of each type of drug, total number of patients on IVPBs, and total number of IVPBs. A user's manual was developed and staff-training sessions were held before the system was implemented. In the first 24 months of operation, most computer downtime was caused by hardware problems. Four man-hours per day were saved in typing time (+7000 annual cost reduction). Waste of approximately six admixtures daily was prevented (+5000 annual savings). Total software development and implementation cost +5000, and hardware cost +4200. The total cost of the system was thus realized during the first year of operation.
The development of new software or the refinement of existing software for new operating environments each calls for judicious balancing. On the one hand, we strive for simplicity, predictability, and operational protection as it is well recognized that software with these attributes will attract an audience of satisfied users. But, on the other hand, these attributes do not conjure a sense of power, efficiency, or flexibility, and these other properties are also appreciated by users, albeit a somewhat different group of users. The goal is to achieve a blend which isolates critical functionality, flexible control, and user support while meeting the needs of the broadest collection of serious users. In this chapter, we discuss the issues impacting the migration of SAAM to the Windows environment, the NIH WinSAAM Project, and we outline the steps taken to ensure its feasibility. In addition, we describe a new paradigm for software development and use which ensures the durability of the software for modeling.
PURPOSE: (3)He-MRI is able to visualize the regional distribution of lung ventilation with a temporal and spatial resolution so far unmatched by any other technique. The aim of the study was the development of a new software tool for quantification of dynamic ventilation parameters in absolute physical units. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During continuous breathing, a bolus of hyperpolarized (3)He (300 ml) was applied at inspiration and a series of 168 coronal projection images simultaneously acquired using a 2D FLASH-sequence. Postprocessing software was developed to analyze the (3)He distribution in the lung. After correction for lung motion, several ventilation parameters (rise time, delay time, (3)He amount and (3)He peak flow) were calculated. Due to normalization of signal intensities, these parameters are presented in absolute physical units. The data sets were analyzed on a ROI basis as well as on a pixel-by-pixel basis. RESULTS: Using the developed software, the measurements were analyzed in 6 lung-healthy volunteers, in one patient after lung transplantation, and in one patient with lung emphysema. The volunteers' parameter maps of the pixel-based analysis showed an almost homogeneous distribution of the ventilation parameters within the lung. In the parameter maps of both patients, regions with poor ventilation were observed. CONCLUSION: The developed software permits an objective and quantitative analysis of regional lung ventilation in absolute physical units. The clinical significance of the parameters, however, has to be determined in larger clinical studies. The software may become valuable in grading and following pulmonary function as well as in monitoring any therapy.