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PubMed1990

Quantitation and relative distribution of extracellular matrix in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm.

The relationship between adherence of bacteria to foreign bodies and their deposition of extracellular matrix was examined on glass and suture material. To quantitate bacterial adherence, uptake of [3H]thymidine into bacterial DNA was analyzed. Corresponding amounts of extracellular matrix were measured by a new technique using [14C]glucose incorporation. This study shows that [14C]glucose preferentially labeled bacterial strains in proportion to biofilm production. The ratio of 3H14C in high biofilm producers was 0.9 and in low producers it was 3.7. Radioactive identification of organisms as high and low producers was confirmed by electron microscopy. The results presented here show that production and accumulation of biofilm over time is a stable characteristic in different strains of S. epidermidis. The use of ratios reflecting radiolabeling of bacteria and biofilm by [3H]thymidine and [14C]glucose, respectively, is a quantitative yet simple technique to assess extracellular matrix of different strains of S. epidermidis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Impact of dialysis fluid on the susceptibility of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms to rifampin.

Routine laboratory testing of the susceptibility of infecting strains of S. epidermidis to antibiotics is based on the assumptions that the infection is in contact with the stable environment of blood or tissue fluid and that the bacteria are in a susceptible phase of growth. In infections of the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) intraperitoneal catheter, the bacteria are commonly in the resistant biofilm phase of growth, are applied to the surface of the catheter, and are exposed to the nonphysiological impact of peritoneal dialysis solutions. The possible impact of these two variables is not examined in routine testing of antibiotic susceptibility. We describe an assay of antibacterial action on a strain of S. epidermidis in the biofilm phase, exposed to a neutral control environment and to dialysis solutions, both fresh and spent. Rifampin, which has an incomplete action in a neutral control environment, was used as a sensitive indicator of possible synergistic or antagonistic interaction of the biofilm bacteria with the dialysis environments. We demonstrated that peritoneal dialysis solutions (1.5% dextrose), both fresh and spent, were synergistic with rifampin action against S. epidermidis biofilms, converting the incomplete killing action to a total bactericidal outcome, clinically essential for cure. Fresh dialysis solution was more active than spent, but in both instances the synergy was complete, indicating that the crucial complementation of the bactericidal action of rifampin was independent of pH. These findings have implications in the management of catheter-associated infections due to rifampin-susceptible strains of S. epidermidis.

Dialysis Solutions↗