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At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Peroxide-containing tooth whiteners: an update on safety.

The efficacy of peroxide-containing tooth whiteners has been well accepted; however, controversy concerning their safety has continued. Recently, a court ruling resulted in a ban on peroxide-containing tooth whiteners in the United Kingdom. While the decision was based on the classification of whiteners, there were issues with specious concerns about the safety, particularly carcinogenicity, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This article reviews and discusses available scientific data on the carcinogenicity of H2O2 and consequently, their implications in the use of whiteners. An update on the effect of whiteners on the enamel surface is also included because controversial results were reported in recent studies. Based on current information, it is concluded that the proper use of dentist-monitored, at-home tooth whiteners containing 10% carbamide peroxide imposes no risk of carcinogenicity and does not cause irreversible damage to enamel.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

ADA guidelines for the acceptance of tooth-whitening products.

Since the introduction of at-home tooth whitening using peroxide-containing agents in 1989, the procedure has been well-received by the public and is becoming one of the most popular cosmetic dental procedures today. To ensure the safety and efficacy of this treatment, the Guidelines for the Acceptance of this category of products by the American Dental Association were developed. This article provides background on the American Dental Association (ADA) Seal of Acceptance Program. It also offers an overview of the ADA Acceptance Program Guidelines for Home-Use Tooth Whitening Products as well as the process through which the document was developed.

American Dental Association↗
PubMed2000

Vital tooth whitening with a novel hydrogen peroxide strip system: design, kinetics, and clinical response.

For many years, at-home whitening has been used with great success and produces some of the most satisfying results of all dental procedures. Historically, the most common procedure used was a custom-fabricated tray loaded with a 10% carbamide peroxide gel that was worn overnight. Today, many manufacturers offer higher concentrations (15% and 20% carbamide peroxide) for faster results. Regardless of the peroxide concentration used, the custom tray delivery system has remained essentially the same. Recently, a trayless whitening system was developed that does not require any prefabrication or gel loading. The new delivery system is a thin, conformable strip precoated with an adhesive hydrogen peroxide gel. Each preloaded strip is presented on a backing liner. To use the strip, it is peeled off of the backing liner and applied to the facial surfaces of the anterior teeth. Each strip is worn for 30 minutes, removed, and discarded. The strip holds the gel in place for sufficient time to allow the peroxide to intrinsically and extrinsically whiten the teeth. The highly flexible strips conform intimately to the tooth surface and provide a uniform, controlled application of the peroxide gel.

Drug Delivery Systems↗
PubMed2001

A clinical study evaluating a new chairside and take-home whitening system.

This study evaluated the efficacy of tooth color modifications with a 15% hydrogen peroxide in-office whitening system when applied for a 30-, 45-, or 60-minute period and combined with a 10% carbamide peroxide take-home system. Twenty-four patients participated in this randomized, parallel clinical evaluation. Six maxillary anterior teeth with a shade of A3 or darker were selected. Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups of 8: Group I patients received a 30-minute application, Group II received a 45-minute application, and Group III received a 60-minute application of the initial in-office treatment. All patients returned at 24 hours for shade evaluation and receipt of a whitening tray with a 10% carbamide peroxide for 7 consecutive days. Patients returned at 24 hours, 72 hours, and on the 8th day of take-home treatment for shade evaluation. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA showed no statistically significant difference between the groups (P > .10) at completion of treatment. When all three groups were combined, a mean shade change > 8 was seen. No significant difference existed for tooth color modifications when varied application times of 30-, 45- or 60-minute in-office whitening with 15% hydrogen peroxide was used in combination with 10% carbamide peroxide take-home whitening.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Overview of a professional tooth-whitening system containing 6.5% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips.

Professionally dispensed, at-home tooth whitening began with 10% carbamide peroxide gels applied to the dentition with custom-made trays. In the 1990s, higher-concentration carbamide peroxide gels were introduced to achieve faster results. Today, 15% and 20% carbamide peroxide gels are commonly used. Recently, a new vital tooth-whitening technique that uses a flexible strip rather than a tray to apply a 5.3% hydrogen peroxide whitening gel was introduced. The new strip-based product was shown to provide whitening equivalent to a 10% carbamide peroxide tray with half the wear time. In addition, the strip eliminated the need to custom fabricate trays for each patient. This article provides an overview of a professionally distributed strip-based whitening system and reviews some of the clinical data which supports the efficacy of the product. This new whitening system includes 42 mandibular and 42 maxillary strips at a higher concentration of 6.5% hydrogen peroxide. In addition, the system also includes a novel dual-action whitening dentifrice to prevent future staining postbleaching and an extrasoft toothbrush. Clinically, the professionally distributed strip-based whitening system provided 96% more efficacy than a popular carbamide plus hydrogen peroxide (equivalent to 10% carbamide peroxide) tray system and 52% more whitening than the 5.3% hydrogen peroxide strip system.

Carbamide Peroxide↗
PubMed2002

Health. Reality bites.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dental Restoration, Permanent↗
PubMed2002

Clinical study to compare two in-office (chairside) whitening systems.

The objective of this clinical study was to compare the whitening/bleaching efficacy of two marketed in-office whitening systems: Discus Dental Zoom! Chairside System (25% hydrogen peroxide whitening gel) and Opalescence Xtra Boost Kit (38% hydrogen peroxide whitening gel), using the Vita Shade Guide and chromameter measurements. The study was an examiner-blind, parallel group, randomized and controlled clinical trial conducted in a dental setting. All subjects signed a study consent form prior to admission and were given Crest Regular Toothpaste and an Oral-B 40 straight-handle toothbrush to use during the study. Subjects received a supragingival prophylaxis followed by a screening eligibility Vita Shade assessment from which 22 subjects were selected. At baseline, all six maxillary anterior teeth were assessed with the Vita Shade Guide. Chromameter measurements were taken on either the right maxillary central or left maxillary central (tooth No. 8 or tooth No. 9). Subjects were assigned to one of two treatment groups, and had three applications of their assigned product. Following completion of the treatment phase, and on post-treatment Days 2 and 7, a visual examination of the condition of the oral soft tissues, together with a Vita Shade assessment on maxillary anterior teeth, a chromameter reading and a questionnaire regarding tooth sensitivity were completed. At the termination of the study, the statistical analysis of the Vita Shade scores indicated that both products significantly (p < 0.0001) lightened the color of the teeth. The average improvement was between 6 and 9 shade changes. Additionally, the Zoom! Chairside System was significantly better than the Opalescense Xtra Boost Kit at all time points: post-treatment (p < 0.0001); Day 2 (p < 0.004); Day 7 (p < 0.003). This difference was between 1 and 2 shade changes. The chromameter readings showed a significant difference in the overall color change (delta E) to a lighter color for both the Zoom! Chairside System and the Opalescence Xtra Boost Kit. Using delta E, the Zoom! Chairside System was directionally better than the Opalescense Xtra Boost Kit at Day 2 (p < 0.08), and significantly better at Day 7 (p < 0.025). Analysis of the composite parameters of delta E (L*, a*, b*) showed that no differences could be detected in the a* (redness) parameter. Changes were observed in the L* (brightness) and b* (yellow) parameters which paralleled the delta E differences. There were no significant differences in induced sensitivity between whitening systems at any time point.

Color↗