PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Waste Management”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Managing silver and lead waste in dental offices.

BACKGROUND: The heightened awareness within organized dentistry of environmental issues led the ADA Council on Scientific Affairs to develop recommendations on proper management of silver and lead wastes. OVERVIEW: This council report provides recommendations on managing silver waste (in used fixer solution) and lead waste (in used intraoral film packets, lead aprons and lead collars) through recycling. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: These recommendations are intended to provide guidance to practitioners in ensuring responsible disposal of wastes generated by dental offices and in minimizing the release of potential pollutants into the environment.

Dental Waste↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Managing silver and lead waste in dental offices.

BACKGROUND: The heightened awareness within organized dentistry of environmental issues led the ADA Council on Scientific Affairs to develop recommendations on proper management of silver and lead wastes. OVERVIEW: This council report provides recommendations on managing silver waste (in used fixer solution) and lead waste (in used intraoral film packets, lead aprons and lead collars) through recycling. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: These recommendations are intended to provide guidance to practitioners in ensuring responsible disposal of wastes generated by dental offices and in minimizing the release of potential pollutants into the environment.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed1991

[Current ecologic-hygienic questions of municipal waste disinfection].

One of the most hygienic methods for the solid municipal waste to manage is the biothermal treatment with pyrolysis of uncompostable fractions and subsequent utilization of intermediate products. This scheme of municipal solid waste management has been realized in the Leningrad experimental factory for the mechanized treatment of municipal waste.

Ecology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The new management regulation for hospital wastes].

The paper characterizes the main goals of the new regulations on the management of the hospital wastes. The motivations for which the previous regulations have been repealed are shown. The new possibilities of management and disposal are explained. The instruments are described by means of which the new regulations, maintaining the maximum protection of the health and the environment, aimed at the rationalization and the control of the costs, and to the attainment of it objectives, in agreement with the European directives of prevention of the production of wastes and recovery of matter and energy, through the attainment and the upgrade of the differentiated collection.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Predicting uncertainty in the ecotoxicological assessment of solid waste leachates.

Environmental managers need suitable technological methods to use in optimization studies to improve management of hazardous waste. One of the challenges to achieving a reliable hazardous waste classification is the improvement of procedures used forthe ecotoxicological characterization of solid waste leachates. Indeed, this step requires data that meet levels of acceptable quality if scientifically based decisions are to be made. In this study, we illustrate how the variability associated with the successive steps of a procedure used to assess ecotoxicological hazard of solid waste (i.e., primary sampling, laboratory sampling, toxicity measurements) can contribute to the overall variability of the ecotoxicity results. To this end, a municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash and a slag from a second smelting of lead were studied using a nested experimental design. The results showed that the waste sampling design is of major importance for limiting the final variability of toxicity test parameters. At the opposite, increasing the number of replicates at the toxicity test level has negligible impact on this variability. Our approach could be of great practical interest in ecotoxicological studies not only for ensuring a safe classification for these materials, but also for improving sampling protocols and facilitating less time-consuming and less expensive ecotoxicological evaluations.

Ecology↗
PubMed2005

An additional performance of HTRS: the waste radiotoxicity minimisation.

The management of radioactive waste is a key issue for the present and future use of nuclear energy. In this frame, high temperature reactors (HTRs) have, among others, the capability to burn actinides. After a short introduction on HTRs, the performances of two MC-based burnup codes (Monte Carlo continuous energy burnup and MONTEBURNS) in assessing the ability of these reactors to burn actinides are compared. These codes are necessary for performing ultra-high burnup calculations on HTRs. The best one, in this specific case, results to be MONTEBURNS. It was analysed using HTRs loaded with the following: (1) 1st generation Pu, 600 equivalent full power days; (2) 2nd generation Pu, 645 equivalent full power days; and (iii) 33% 1st generation Pu and 67% Th, 705 equivalent full power days. Finally, it is possible to conclude that HTRs can reduce time when the waste is considered dangerous. Even if the amount of reduction does not solve the whole problem, it represents an important step in the management of radioactive waste.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2005

Management considerations for organic waste use in agriculture.

Organic wastes are utilized in agriculture mainly for improving the soil physical and chemical properties and for nutrient sources for growing crops. The major source of organic waste used in agriculture is animal manure, but small amounts of food processing and other industrial wastes (along with municipal wastes) are also applied to land. In the last 35 years, and especially in the last 10 years, there have been increasing environmental regulations affecting farms that have resulted in more animal manure treatment options, and thus affecting characteristics of residues that are subsequently applied to land. Farms are being assessed for nutrient balances, with the entire nutrient and manure management system evaluated for best management alternatives. Because of inadequate available land on the animal farm in some cases, organic wastes must be treated and/or transported to other farms, or utilized for horticultural or other uses. This paper discusses the various factors and challenges for utilizing organic wastes in agriculture.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2001

A paradigm of international environmental law: the case for controlling the transboundary movements of hazardous wastes.

The production of large quantities of wastes globally has created a commercial activity involving the transfrontier shipments of hazardous wastes, intended to be managed at economically attractive waste-handling facilities located elsewhere. In fact, huge quantities of hazardous wastes apparently travel the world in search of "acceptable" waste management facilities. For instance, within the industrialized countries alone, millions of tonnes of potentially hazardous waste cross national frontiers each year on their way for recycling or to treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs) because there is no local disposal capacity for these wastes, or because legal disposal or reuse in a foreign country may be more environmentally sound, or managing the wastes in the foreign country may be less expensive than at home. The cross-boundary traffic in hazardous wastes has lately been under close public scrutiny, however, resulting in the accession of several international agreements and laws to regulate such activities. This paper discusses and analyzes the most significant control measures and major agreements in this new commercial activity involving hazardous wastes. In particular, the discussion recognizes the difficulties with trying to implement the relevant international agreements among countries of vastly different socioeconomic backgrounds. Nonetheless, it is also noted that global environmental agreements will generally be a necessary component of ensuring adequate environmental protection for the world community-and thus a need for the careful implementation of such agreements and regulations.

Environmental Pollution↗
PubMed2003

Report: cost and financing of municipal solid waste collection services in Istanbul.

The collection is a high priority in the management of solid wastes in a modern city, and in order to plan and operate a collection service well, the cost and financial sources must be known and understood in detail. In this study the cost of collection services and environmental tax are evaluated for the year 2001 in Istanbul. The percentage of the employees working in municipal solid waste collection services is 83% by the private sector and 17% by the public sector. With privatisation, the labour costs can be reduced by approximately 75%. The unit collection cost ranges from 12.2 US dollar/ton to 50.7 US dollar/ton, and the average collection cost for Istanbul is 24.4 US dollar/ton. The cost of the collection service is about 70% of the total solid waste management costs, the cost of transfer is 17% and the regular disposal cost amounts to 13%. The proportion of collected tax to expenditures of waste collection varies from 3% to 67%. The management of solid wastes accounts for between 12 and 25% of the total expenditure of municipal authorities.

Cities↗