[Collateral circulation in cases of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas treated surgically].
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Variations of the inferior vena cava (IVC) because of either embryonal malformations or postthrombotic changes are not uncommon. The clinical symptoms include repetitive thrombotic events. We report on an atypical case of acute abdomen resulting from thrombotic occlusion of the IVC and the right renal vein as well as of the collateral vessels.
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Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) was performed in 35 patients with portal hypertension and esophageal varix. Thirty subjects were served as control. After esophageal variceal ligation, CDFI observed that the portal-superior vena cava collateral veins were partialy blocked. The esophageal varices disappeared. The esophageal wall thinned. Diameter of left gastric vein enlarged and blood flow velocity decreased. Azygos diameter was reduced and blood flow velocity was decreased. Although diameter of portal vein was not changed, the blood flow velocity slightly increased. The results suggest that ligation treatment can have the tendency to increase blood flow of liver and stomach, which might aggravate gastric mucosal lesion.
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A case of partial aplasia of the right internal carotid artery with an unusual artery passing through the skull base below the hypophysis is described. An association between the presence of this vessel and recurring abnormalities of eye movements with alternating ptosis is assumed. The ontogeny and phylogeny of this collateral artery are discussed.
Studies on 52 dogs have shown that ligation of the femoral artery 12-14 hours following ice cooling of the extremity is accompanied with a great number of severe acute pneumonias frequently resulting in death. The leading mechanism of local disorders is spasm of the collaterals, the development of circulatory hypoxia of the tissues and congestive alterations in the venous system.