SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Comprehension”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

The comprehensive assessment of health status in survivors of childhood cancer: application to high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

The health status of 69 survivors of high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is assessed using a multi-attribute classification system. Seven attributes are included: sensation, mobility, emotion, cognition, self-care, pain and fertility. Three to five levels of functioning are defined for each attribute. Comprehensive health states are described as a specific combination of seven attribute levels. The system captures combinations of sequelae. The system provides a compact but comprehensive tool for long term follow up of survivors of childhood cancer. The results underscore the cognitive and emotional burdens of morbidity affecting survivors of high-risk ALL.

Cognition Disorders↗

PubMed2002

Outpatient total body irradiation as a component of a comprehensive outpatient transplant program.

Outpatient total body irradiation (TBI) as part of a comprehensive outpatient transplant program was delivered to 142 of 167 (85%) consecutive patients receiving TBI-based conditioning therapy. Outpatients received either a single fraction of 500 cGy (110 patients) or 1200 cGy in six fractions over 3 days (32 patients). Patients were assessed daily and were administered oral ondansetron and dexamethasone for prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting as well as i.v. hydration. Accommodation during outpatient TBI-based conditioning was either the patient's home if within 30 min of the hospital, a hotel on the hospital grounds or on a closed hospital ward. None of the 142 patients required admission to the inpatient program during their TBI. There was no difference in 100-day mortality between those receiving TBI as an outpatient (9%) vs as an inpatient (16%). Of four deaths occurring within the first 14 days post transplant, none could be attributed to receiving TBI as an outpatient. Two hundred and six inpatient days were saved through the delivery of outpatient TBI. A comprehensive outpatient program, appropriate patient selection, daily hydration, the use of prophylactic 5HT3 antagonist anti-emetic therapy all contribute to the safe delivery of outpatient TBI.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Comprehensive analysis of human subtelomeres with combined binary ratio labelling fluorescence in situ hybridisation.

Cryptic subtelomeric chromosome rearrangements play an important role in the aetiology of mental retardation, congenital anomalies, miscarriages and neoplasia. To facilitate a comprehensive molecular-cytogenetic analysis of these extremely gene-rich and mutation-prone chromosome regions, novel multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) techniques are being developed. As yet, subtelomeric FISH methods have either had limited multiplicities, making it necessary to perform many hybridisations per patient, or a limited scope of analysable chromosome mutation types, thus not detecting some aberration types such as pericentric inversions or very small aberrations. COBRA (COmbined Binary RAtio) labelling is a generic multicolour FISH technique that combines ratio and combinatorial labelling to attain especially high multiplicities with few fluorochromes. The Subtelomere COBRA FISH method ("S-COBRA FISH") described here detects efficiently all 41 BAC and PAC FISH probes necessary for a complete subtelomere screening in only two hybridisations. It was applied to the analysis of 10 cases with known and partially known aberrations and successfully detected balanced and unbalanced translocations, deletions and an unbalanced pericentric inversion in a mosaic situation. The ability of S-COBRA FISH to efficiently detect all types of balanced and unbalanced subtelomeric chromosome aberrations makes it the most comprehensive diagnostic procedure for human subtelomeric chromosome regions described to date.

Chromosome Aberrations↗

PubMed2006

Comprehensive analysis of the LRRK2 gene in sixty families with Parkinson's disease.

Mutations in the gene leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) have been recently identified in families with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the prevalence and nature of LRRK2 mutations, the polymorphism content of the gene, and the associated phenotypes remain poorly understood. We performed a comprehensive study of this gene in a large sample of families with Parkinson's disease compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance (ADPD). The full-length open reading frame and splice sites of the LRRK2 gene (51 exons) were studied by genomic sequencing in 60 probands with ADPD (83% Italian). Pathogenic mutations were identified in six probands (10%): the heterozygous p.G2019S mutation in four (6.6%), and the heterozygous p.R1441C mutation in two (3.4%) probands. A further proband carried the heterozygous p.I1371 V mutation, for which a pathogenic role could not be established with certainty. In total, 13 novel disease-unrelated variants and three intronic changes of uncertain significance were also characterized. The phenotype associated with LRRK2 pathogenic mutations is the one of typical PD, but with a broad range of onset ages (mean 55.2, range 38-68 years) and, in some cases, slow disease progression. On the basis of the comprehensive study in a large sample, we conclude that pathogenic LRRK2 mutations are frequent in ADPD, and they cluster in the C-terminal half of the encoded protein. These data have implications both for understanding the molecular mechanisms of PD, and for directing the genetic screening in clinical practice.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

A diagnostic biochip for the comprehensive analysis of MLL translocations in acute leukemia.

Reciprocal rearrangements of the MLL gene are among the most common chromosomal abnormalities in both Acute Lymphoblastic and Myeloid Leukemia. The MLL gene, located on the 11q23 chromosomal band, is involved in more than 40 recurrent translocations. In the present study, we describe the development and validation of a biochip-based assay designed to provide a comprehensive molecular analysis of MLL rearrangements when used in a standard clinical pathology laboratory. A retrospective blind study was run with cell lines (n=5), and MLL positive and negative patient samples (n=31), to evaluate assay performance. The limits of detection determined on cell line data were 10(-1), and the precision studies yielded 100% repeatability and 98% reproducibility. The study shows that the device can detect frequent (AF4, AF6, AF10, ELL or ENL) as well as rare partner genes (AF17, MSF). The identified fusion transcripts can then be used as molecular phenotypic markers of disease for the precise evaluation of minimal residual disease by RQ-PCR. This biochip-based molecular diagnostic tool allows, in a single experiment, rapid and accurate identification of MLL gene rearrangements among 32 different fusion gene (FG) partners, precise breakpoint positioning and comprehensive screening of all currently characterized MLL FGs.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2002

Comprehensive two dimensional separation based on coupling micellar electrokinetic chromatography with capillary isoelectric focusing.

Concentrating properties of the Capillary Isoelectric Focusing (CIEF) system with continuous whole-column-imaging detection were investigated for application as a second dimension in a comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) separation process. The concentration/separation/detection was completed within 4 min in a 300 microm inner diameter capillary. As the key to the successful coupling of CIEF to a first dimension separation, a novel interface was developed. A 10-port valve with two conditioning loops was used to perform both comprehensive collection and dialysis desalting of the first dimensional effluent, and as an interface coupling Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC) to CIEF. In the loop, salt and other unwanted first dimension effluent components were eliminated by dialysis and carrier ampholytes (CAs) were added. Peak broadening during the dialysis did not have significant impact on the CIEF separation because of its concentrating effect. Protein digests were first separated by MEKC followed by isoelectric point (pI) using whole-column-imaged CIEF. The dialysis interface allows general coupling of the whole-column-imaged CIEF to microscale separations.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Mechanisms of discourse comprehension impairment after right hemisphere brain damage: suppression in inferential ambiguity resolution.

This study examined the generality of a previous finding indicating that difficulty suppressing or inhibiting context-inappropriate interpretations is an important predictor of narrative discourse comprehension for adults with right brain damage (RBD) (C. A. Tompkins, A. Baumgaertner, M. T. Lehman, & W. Fassbinder, 2000). Forty adults with RBD and 39 without brain damage listened to two-sentence stimuli and judged whether a probe word fit with the overall stimulus meaning. An ambiguous initial sentence elicited both dominant and less preferred inferences, and the second sentence resolved the ambiguity toward the initially less-likely interpretation. Probes represented the dominant inference for the first sentence and were presented at two poststimulus intervals. Probe judgment response times indicated that neither group suppressed the eventually inappropriate inferences in the time intervals studied. However, multiple regression analysis demonstrated that for individual participants with RBD, the extent of suppression from one interval to the next was a significant predictor of performance on a specialized measure of inference comprehension. The discussion evaluates these findings and identifies directions for future research.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Exploring the processing continuum of single-word comprehension in aphasia.

This study investigated the vulnerability of lexical processing in individuals with aphasia. Though classical teaching of aphasia syndromes holds that people with Broca's aphasia have intact comprehension at the single-word level, the nature and extent of this purported sparing were explored under suboptimal processing conditions. A combination of acoustic distortions (low-pass filtering and time compression) was used to probe for "break points" in lexical comprehension in a group of individuals with aphasia. Results suggest that accurate and efficient lexical processing is vulnerable to suboptimal listening climates, and that processing under these conditions reveals the continuous nature of the impairment of linguistic behaviors observed in individuals with aphasia.

Aged↗

PubMed1981

Facilitating the comprehension of tense related sentences in aphasia.

Aphasic individuals have a tendency to decode past tense and future tense sentences as if the sentences were in the present tense. This study assessed the influence of additional surface structure markers of past or future tense this comprehension process. The results indicated that additional markers significantly facilitate the comprehension of tense related sentences by aphasic subjects. Implications for sentence decoding strategies and clinical management are discussed.

Aphasia↗

PubMed1983

Grammatical comprehension assessment: the picture avoidance strategy.

This study investigated children's picture avoidance responses on a paired sentences, grammatical comprehension test. Such responses involved the nonselection of a particular referent picture for a stimulus sentence when the picture had been selected as a referent for a previous stimulus sentence. Forty-four children between three and seven years of age were administered a version of the Receptive subtest of the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test. Half of the sample was administered the test under its standardized "single pass-paired sentences" procedure. The remaining children were administered the test under a "double pass-paired sentences" procedure (i.e., a procedure similar to that employed on the Miller-Yoder Test of Grammatical Comprehension). As predicted, the single pass-paired sentences version of the test elicited significantly more picture avoidance responses from the children. The consequence of children's differential picture avoidance responses on a single pass-paired sentences test is discussed with respect to different scoring criteria.

Child↗

PubMed1984

Pluralization instruction in comprehension and production.

Four retarded children who did not comprehend or produce plurals were taught to pluralize by adding /s/ to words like hat/hats, cup/cups. Half of the children were first taught the rule in comprehension (pointing to single and multiple arrays of objects) and then in production (labeling the same arrays). The remaining two children were taught first to produce and then to comprehend plurals. In each sequence, one child demonstrated facilitation from the first taught modality to the second, as evidenced by rapid and efficient learning of the rule in the second modality. The sequence in which comprehension and production were taught did not affect the facilitation, however. The children were taught in two environments, an experimental room and an ordinary classroom.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Error analysis and passage dependency of test items from a standardized test of multiple-sentence reading comprehension for aphasic and non-brain-damaged adults.

Aphasic and non-brain-damaged adults were tested with two forms of the Nelson Reading Skills Test (NRST; Hanna. Schell, & Schreiner, 1977). The NRST is a standardized measure of silent reading for students in Grades 3 through 9 and assesses comprehension of information at three levels of inference (literal, translational, and higher level). Subjects' responses to NRST test items were evaluated to determine if their performance differed on literal, translational, and higher level items. Subjects' performance was also evaluated to determine the passage dependency of NRST test items--the extent to which readers had to rely on information in the NRST reading passages to answer test items. Higher level NRST test items (requiring complex inferences) were significantly more difficult for both non-brain-damaged and aphasic adults than literal items (not requiring inferences) or translational items (requiring simple inferences). The passage dependency of NRST test items for aphasic readers was higher than those reported by Nicholas, MacLennan, and Brookshire (1986) for multiple-sentence reading tests designed for aphasic adults. This suggests that the NRST is a more valid measure of the multiple-sentence reading comprehension of aphasic adults than the other tests evaluated by Nicholas et al. (1986).

Aged↗

PubMed1988

Comprehension of monologues and dialogues by aphasic listeners.

This study examined the frequently heard claim that aphasic listeners have more difficulty understanding speech in situations where there are multiple speakers than in situations where there is a single speaker. Nine stories about everyday events were written and videotaped as monologues, dialogues with one dominant speaker, and dialogues with both speakers contributing comparable amounts of information. Eighteen aphasic and 9 non-brain-damaged adults watched and listened to the videotapes. Listeners' comprehension and retention of the stories were tested by yes/no questions following each story. The three versions of the stories were understood and remembered equally well by aphasic and non-brain-damaged listeners, suggesting that listening to two speakers does not appreciably increase comprehension difficulty. These results suggest that factors other than the extent to which different speakers contribute to the topic of conversation are responsible for aphasic listeners' reported difficulties in comprehending multiple-speaker conversational interactions.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Comprehension of reversible sentences in specifically language-impaired children.

This study investigated comprehension of reversible sentences in specifically language-impaired (SLI) children. Two experiments, using different paradigms, were undertaken. In Experiment 1, 14 SLI children (aged 4:10-7:10) were compared with children matched on chronological age and language age (LA). Subjects acted out 36 semantically reversible sentences that varied in thematic content (transitives, locatives, and datives) and in the order of thematic roles (canonical and noncanonical). The SLI children performed at a significantly lower level than both control groups. In Experiment 2, the same sentences were presented using a picture-pointing task. A single word vocabulary test preceded the test sentences to assess semantic knowledge of the predicates. Sixteen SLI children were compared with language age controls. No significant differences were found between the performance of the two groups on the vocabulary test, and in general, the results of Experiment 2 supported those of Experiment 1. Analysis of individual children's error patterns identified qualitative differences between the SLI children and the LA controls. The majority of SLI children had a very high proportion of word order errors. The proportion of word order errors of the SLI children, unlike those of the LA controls, was unrelated to language age. These findings are considered in relation to the processes involved in sentence comprehension.

Child↗

PubMed1975

Self and mutual speech comprehension by deviant- and normal-speaking children.

This study was conducted to determine whether deviant-speaking children can understand their own speech productions when these productions are presented to them from an external source (tape recorder). Two groups of children with normal and deviant speech attempted to comprehend their own and one another's recorded repetitions of two matched lists of imperative sentences. Although there was a significant main effect for comprehension of high- and low-intelligibility sentences, a significant main effect for the groups' comprehension performances was not found. The results suggested that the deviant-speaking children were perceptually oriented to the standard code of the speech community rather than to their own deviant speech codes. Deficits in speech production are discussed in terms of a reduction theory of telegraphic speech. Deviant-speaking children may reduce complexity of speech output through the application of phonetic reduction rules.

Auditory Perception↗

PubMed1978

Acquisition of comprehension of the verb phrase anaphora construction.

The verb phrase (VP) anaphora is a commonly used construction in English in which part of a sentence, including the verb, is replaced or deleted. The present study investigated comprehension of four types of VP anaphora constructions. Significant diffferences demonstrated that second graders performed better than first graders, and and first graders better than kindergarteners. Significant differences were also found among the different types of VP anaphoric constructions: VP deletion was easier than pro-form, pro-form was easier than prosententialization, and prosententialization was easier than gapping. Implications for evaluation of language, and specifically evaluation of comprehension of language for learning, are discussed.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1978

The influence of context on the auditory comprehension of paragraphs by aphasic subjects.

Subjects were exposed to two sets of paragraphs that probed their auditory comprehension abilities under various prestimulation conditions. In Experiment 1, aphasic and control subjects listened to four paragraphs. Each paragraph was preceded by a control condition (no antecedent) or one of the following contextual antecedents: picture, verbal, or picture and verbal combined. Prestimulation with a picture alone was detrimental, but prestimulation with a picture used in combination with a verbal context appeared to be of value. In Experiment 2, subjects heard four paragraphs that were less cohesive than those in Experiment 1. Only verbal and control conditions were contrasted. The provision of prior verbal contexts facilitated the auditory comprehension of the paragraphs.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

A note on patterns of comprehension and recovery in global aphasia.

Two tests of auditory comprehension (one probing knowledge of geographical locations, the other probing knowledge of familiar objects) were administered on two occasions to global aphasic patients. In addition to words drawn from the relevant lexical domains, nonsense words and words from inappropriate syntactic categories also were presented to the patients. The aphasic subjects attained more success rejecting nonsense words and words drawn from inappropriate syntactic categories than in comprehending the target words; in addition there was a consistent and surprising superiority in making correct localizations on a map as contrasted to localizing correctly familiar objects in a room. Similarly, patients' improvement across administrations was more pronounced in their heightened ability to reject the inappropriate terms rather than in increased capacity to make more accurate localizations of the target words. Overall, improvement was modest and virtually equivalent on the two measures of auditory comprehension.

Aphasia↗