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At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Delusional pregnancy with polydipsia: a case report.

We report a case of delusional pregnancy with polydipsia in a female patient with paranoid schizophrenia. The contribution of psychological and physiological factors in the development of the delusion of pregnancy and polydipsia and the possible interactions between the two phenomena are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Validation study of the Multidimensional Alcohol Craving Scale (MACS)].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Craving is a psychobiological phenomenon characteristic of addictive behaviours, which is difficult to assess due to its subjective nature and multidimensionality. The aim of this study was to validate a multidimensional alcohol craving scale (MACS) entirely developed in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The validation of the MACS was based on an observational study, carried out in 452 alcohol-dependent patients treated with naltrexone. The scales used as standards were an Analogic Visual Scale (AVS) for alcohol craving and the Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS). Validity, reliability and sensitivity were studied for the validation process. RESULTS: The factorial analysis (construct validity) showed that the scale had two factors: desire and behavioural disinhibition (lack of resistance). Their correlation values with the assessment scales were r = 0.56 and r = 0.50, respectively. The scale's internal consistency was alpha = 0.94. The correlation of the scores on the scale with the AVS oscillated between 0.56 and 0.46 (p < 0.01) throughout the course of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The MACS has good psychometric properties: it measures two craving factors --desire and behavioural disinhibition-- and may be considered as an accurate and precise instrument to use in both research studies and medical and psychological clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparing obligatory to nonobligatory runners.

This study compares "obligatory" runners (runners who continue to run despite clear physical injury or contraindications) to nonobligatory runners. Both groups scored within the normal range on most psychological test indices. The two groups had more similarities than differences. The obligatory runners did present more significant elevations of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales than did the nonobligatory runners. Based on their responses to the semistructured interview, the obligatory runners were significantly more concerned and rigid about weight control than the nonobligatory runners and the obligatory runners were more likely to prefer being alone. Obligatory runners were more preoccupied with their bodies and reported more positive changes in self-concept and a greater sense of control over their lives since they had begun to run. Female runners reported more satisfaction with and more positive effects from running than did male runners. Strenuous exertion is known to increase prolactin in male and female runners. Clinical research studies suggest that an increase in prolactin is associated with an obsessive preoccupation with diet and/or exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Influence of the 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, SB-242084, in tests of anxiety.

The 5-HT2C antagonist SB-242084 was examined in various anxiety tests at doses based on reversal of mCPP-induced hypoactivity (0.1--3 mg/kg ip). In the elevated plus-maze task, SB-242084 exhibited signs of anxiolysis (time spent, distance travelled, and entries into open arms), but this was potentially confounded by its general increase of locomotion; alprazolam selectively affected open-arm parameters. In a Geller--Seifter conflict test, SB-242084 produced a modest, nonsignificant increase in punished responding compared to the significant effect produced by diazepam. None of the treatments significantly affected unpunished responding. In the conditioned emotional response (CER) test, SB-242084 produced an increase in the suppression ratio (SR, smaller than diazepam). Since this 5-HT2C antagonist also increased lever pressing, an additional test was conducted with amphetamine that stimulated lever pressing but, nonetheless, failed to produce any change in SR. In the fear-potentiated startle task, SB-242084 was inactive in comparison to a significant effect of diazepam. The previously described reduction of schedule-induced polydipsia by fluoxetine and 5-HT2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 was attenuated by SB-242084 pretreatment, however, the latter compound exhibited a potent increase in polydipsia when given alone. The present results demonstrate an anxiolytic potential of SB-242084, as well as an intrinsic response-enhancing property, however, both of these effects are task dependent.

Aminopyridines↗