SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Exercise training”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources

PubMed2006

Effects of exercise training on resting metabolic rate in postmenopausal African American and Caucasian women.

Ambiguous findings have been reported in previous studies concerning the relationships between resting metabolic rate (RMR), effects of exercise, and race in postmenopausal women. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the effect of exercise training on RMR in postmenopausal women and (2) to determine whether this effect is different by race. We analyzed data from 24 African American (AA) (age, 56.3 +/- 5.0 years) and 23 Caucasian (CA) (age, 58.6 +/- 6.1 years) women. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry after an overnight fast. Subjects completed tests of maximal exercise with metabolic measurements, waist to hip ratio, and body composition. At the completion of all tests, each subject was randomly assigned to either the exercise training or the control group. Aerobic exercise was performed 3 to 4 days per week for 6 months. Intensity was set at 70% to 85% maximal heart rate for 45 to 60 minutes per session. Both AA and CA exercise groups had a significant decrease (P < .05) in body weight (kilograms), percent body fat, and body mass index (BMI) and an increase in aerobic capacity, whereas the control groups did not change. There were no race effects. AA women exhibited significantly lower values than CA women for measured RMR (P < .05). The RMR (kilojoules) of the AA women (both control and exercise groups) decreased over time (P < .05), whereas the RMR of the CA women did not change. Adjusting RMR for BMI or for changes in lean body mass and fat mass did not alter these results. In conclusion, this 6-month endurance-training program did not affect RMR in these postmenopausal women, as RMR did not change in CA women, but decreased significantly over time in both groups of AA women. The factors that contribute to these findings should be the focus of future studies.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Genomewide linkage scan of resting blood pressure: HERITAGE Family Study. Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training, and Genetics.

The purpose of this study was to search for genomic regions influencing resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (BP) in sedentary families (baseline), and for resting BP responses (changes) resulting from a 20-week exercise training intervention (post-training-baseline) in the Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training, and Genetics (HERITAGE) Family Study. A genome-wide scan was conducted on 317 black individuals from 114 families and 519 white individuals from 99 families using a multipoint variance-components linkage model and a panel of 509 markers. Promising results were primarily, but not exclusively, found in the black families. Linkage evidence (P<0.0023) with baseline BP replicated other studies within a 1-logarithm of odds (LOD) interval on 2p14, 3p26.3, and 12q21.33, and provided new evidence on 3q28, 11q21, and 19p12. Results for several known hypertension genes were less compelling. For response BP, results were not very strong, although markers on 13q11 were mildly suggestive (P<0.01). In conclusion, these HERITAGE data, in conjunction with results from previous genomewide scans, provide a basis for planning future investigations. The major areas warranting further study involve fine mapping to narrow down 3 regions on 2q, 3p, and 12q that may contain "novel" hypertension genes, additional typing of some biological candidate genes to determine whether they are the sources of these and other signals, multilocus investigations to understand how and to what extent some of these candidates may interact, and multivariate studies to characterize any pleiotropy.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Exercise training has a long-lasting effect on prevention of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty rats.

Exercise training has been shown to be effective in preventing the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in a model rat (Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty [OLETF]). For determination of how long a preventive effect of exercise training against the development of NIDDM lasts in this model, six male OLETF rats each were assigned to training (1) for a whole experimental period, from 7 to 28 weeks of age (E-E); (2) for the first half of the period, from 7 to 15 weeks of age (E-S); and (3) for the second half of the period, from 16 to 28 weeks of age (S-E). In addition, eight male OLETF rats were given no exercise during the experimental period (S-S). At 28 weeks of age, E-E, E-S, S-E, and S-S rats, weighed averages of 514, 542, 557, and 669 g and had abdominal fat deposits of 13.9, 21.3, 38.2, and 76.0 g, respectively. At 28 weeks of age, the cumulative incidence of NIDDM in S-S was 100%, while none of the trained rats were diabetic. The glucose infusion rate (GIR) during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test, an index of insulin sensitivity, in the E-E group was significantly greater than that in the S-S group. The values in the E-S and S-E groups were slightly, but not significantly, less than that in the E-E group. Morphologic studies on the pancreas of E-E rats and S-E rats showed minimal changes of islets, whereas sections of islets from E-S rats appeared slightly enlarged and fibrotic, although significantly less than those of islets of S-S rats. These results demonstrate that the preventive effect of excercise training against the development of NIDDM lasts for at least 3 months after the cessation of exercise in this model.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of exercise training on pulmonary function in children with thermal injury.

Severe thermal injury in children results in a decrease in pulmonary function (PF) which lasts well into convalescence. Exercise has been used successfully to improve PF in other populations exhibiting a compromised PF such as in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Yet, whether exercise training will induce improvements in PF in burned children is presently unknown. We therefore evaluated if an exercise program improved PF in severely burned children (BC). Twenty healthy controls, nonburn children (NB) age 7 to <18 and 31 severely burned children; ages 7 to <18 years old, with greater than 40% of total body surface area burned were enrolled in the study. Burned children were randomized into two groups. One to participate in a 12-week in-hospital physical rehabilitation program supplemented with an exercise-training program (REX, n = 17) and the other nonexercising group (R, n = 14) to participate in a 12-week, home-based physical rehabilitation program without exercise. Pulmonary function tests were performed for all groups at baseline, but only the REX and R groups were tested after 12 weeks of either exercise or no exercise. Baseline PF for the NB group was normal and no differences in PF were found between the R vs REX groups. However, PF was decreased in BC compared to NB children. There was a significant improvement in PF in the REX group. In contrast, PF in the R group remained relatively unchanged. Severely burned children improve PF as a result of an exercise program and such should be a fundamental component of a multidisciplinary outpatient treatment program for victims of thermal injury.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Effect of exercise training on the ability of the rat heart to tolerate hydrogen peroxide.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise training could precondition the myocardium against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced damage. METHODS: Male Fischer 344 rats ran on a treadmill for 9 weeks (60 min/day, 22 m/min, 6 degrees grade, 5 days/week). Isolated perfused working hearts from exercise trained (ET, n=8) and sedentary (SED, n=10) animals were perfused with 150 microM H(2)O(2). RESULTS: Pre-H(2)O(2) baseline values for cardiac external work (COxSP), coronary flow (CF), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were similar between groups. At 5 min of H(2)O(2), COxSP was unchanged from baseline but CF was increased 30% in SED and 46% in ET (P<0.05 vs. SED). COxSP began to decline similarly thereafter in both groups, dropping to 20% of baseline at 20 min. CF in ET remained higher than SED throughout (P<0.05). LDH leakage remained near baseline during the first 15 min of H(2)O(2) exposure, but was elevated (P<0.05) 72% in SED and 40% in ET after 20 min, and was 2.2-fold greater in SED than ET (P<0.05) after 25 min. Heat shock protein 70 was 2.1-fold greater in ET than SED (P<0.05), but ET did not change catalase and glutathione peroxidase. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that chronic moderate exercise will enhance coronary flow and attenuate the development of myocardial injury when exposed to H(2)O(2), but will not affect H(2)O(2)-induced decrease in pump function.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Glucose transport and glycolytic enzyme activities in erythrocytes of two-year-old thoroughbreds undergoing training exercise.

D-Glucose transport and cytosolic enzyme activities were measured in erythrocytes from 2-year-old thoroughbreds under continuous training exercise (race horses) and compared with those from untrained horses of various ages (sires, mares and untrained 2-year-old thoroughbreds). The activities of the glucose transport and glycolytic enzymes, hexokinase and pyruvate kinase, in the race horses' erythrocytes were elevated to 2-3.5 times above those of untrained horses. There were no significant differences in plasma glucose, triglyceride or IRI concentrations between the horses in training and untrained horses. The increases in glucose transport and glycolytic enzyme activities in their erythrocytes are considered to reflect an increased metabolic activity in the race horses resulting from the training exercises.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Effect of exercise training on C-reactive protein in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of exercise training on changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and other cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. Fifty-three postmenopausal breast cancer survivors were randomly assigned to an exercise (n = 25) or control group (n = 28). The exercise group trained on cycle ergometers 3 times per week for 15 weeks. The control group did not train. The primary end point was change in CRP between baseline and week 15. Secondary end points were changes in RHR, HRR, SBP, DBP, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, and TC:HDL-C ratio. Fifty-two participants completed the trial. Baseline values did not differ between groups except that TG (p = .007) and TC:HDL-C ratio (p = .023) were higher in the exercise group. Intention-to-treat analysis showed that CRP decreased by 1.39 mg/L in the exercise group whereas it increased by 0.10 mg/L in the control group (mean between group change, -1.49 mg/L; 95% CI, -3.09 to 0.10 mg/L; p = .066). Intention-to-treat analysis also showed a clinically and statistically significant difference between groups for change in HRR (mean change, +10.6 beats/min; 95% CI, +3.4 to +17.7 beats/min; p = .004) and clinically but not statistically significant differences between groups for change in RHR (mean change, -5.5 beats/min; 95% CI, -11.5 to +0.5 beats/min; p = .073), SBP (mean change, -5.5 mmHg; 95% CI, -14.5 to +3.4 mmHg; p = .218), DBP (mean change,-3.6 mmHg; 95% CI, -9.3 to +2.1 mmHg; p = .214), and HDL-C (mean change, +0.05 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.03 to 0.14 mmol/L; p = .214). These data suggest that exercise training may have beneficial effects on CRP and other cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. Larger randomized controlled trials are warranted.

Aged↗

PubMed1985

Normal variations in body surface electrocardiographic potential distributions during QRS: effects of exercise and exercise training.

Total body surface electrocardiographic potential distributions, oxygen uptake (VO2), blood pressure and heart rate were monitored during maximal exercise procedures performed by 26 normal adult subjects (male and female) covering a range from sedentary to fit. Normal variations in the exercise response of the ECG during QRS were found not to be related to variations in the level of cardiovascular fitness as quantified by maximal VO2 or to variations in maximal heart rate and blood pressure. In a second experiment, seven sedentary adult female subjects underwent an exercise training protocol for ten weeks. Maximal exercise tests were performed before and after the training period. Exercise-induced changes in the ECG during QRS were not affected by the physical training. We conclude that normal variations in the exercise response of the ECG during QRS are not related to the level of cardiovascular fitness of the subject.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Type 2 diabetes in Singapore: the role of exercise training for its prevention and management.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been increasing in Singapore and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exercise training is an important therapeutic modality for managing glycaemic control and improving cardiovascular health among persons with type 2 diabetes. It may also help to prevent or delay the onset of this harmful condition. This review examines the evidence and possible mechanisms by which exercise training produces these benefits, and gives a brief review of appropriate exercise activities.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗

PubMed1983

Influence of a palatable, high-fat diet, and exercise training on the high-density lipoprotein to total cholesterol ratio in the rat.

The influence of a palatable, high-energy diet, and exercise training on the levels of serum total cholesterol (CHOL) and CHOL carried by high-density lipoproteins (HDL CHOL) was investigated. Female rats were fed either a laboratory chow or a diet made of palatable food items containing a high level of fat. The animals receiving the latter were divided into groups fed either ad libitum, or pair-fed, on a calorie basis, with the chow-fed animals. Half of the animals were submitted to a swimming program for 4 wk. Body weight, total and HDL CHOL were measured at the end of the treatments. Exercise-trained rats ingested the same amount of calories as their sedentary counterparts, while the animals fed with high-energy diet ate almost twice as many calories as the chow-fed groups. The sedentary animals fed the palatable diet had higher body weights than the chow-fed animals, and exercise prevented this weight increase. Exercise did not have any significant effect on serum total CHOL, but increased significantly the HDL/total CHOL ratio by 15% in the chow-fed animals. The palatable diet increased total CHOL, and decreased the HDL/total CHOL ratio in sedentary animals, whereas the ratio in their trained counterparts was comparable to that of the sedentary chow-fed group. Exercise can thus prevent both weight gain and a decrease in HDL/total CHOL ratio produced by a palatable, high-energy diet in the female rat.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Work capacity during 30 days of bed rest with isotonic and isokinetic exercise training.

The purpose was to test the hypothesis that twice daily, short-term, variable intensity isotonic and intermittent high-intensity isokinetic leg exercise would maintain peak O2 uptake (VO2) and muscular strength and endurance, respectively, at or near ambulatory control levels during 30 days of -6 degrees head-down bed rest (BR) deconditioning. Nineteen men (aged 32-42 yr) were divided into no exercise control (peak VO2 once/wk, n = 5), isokinetic (Lido ergometer, n = 7), and isotonic (Quinton ergometer, n = 7) groups. Exercise training was conducted in the supine position for two 30-min periods/day for 5 days/wk. Isotonic training was at 60-90% of peak VO2, and isokinetic training (knee flexion-extension) was at 100 degrees/s. Mean (+/- SE) changes (P less than 0.05) in peak VO2 (ml.m-1.kg-1) from ambulatory control to BR day 28 were 44 +/- 4 to 36 +/- 3, -18.2% (3.27-2.60 l/m) for no exercise, 39 +/- 4 to 40 +/- 3, +2.6% (3.13-3.14 l/min) for isotonic, and 44 +/- 3 to 40 +/- 2, -9.1% (3.24-2.90 l/min) for isokinetic. There were no significant changes in any groups in leg peak torque (right knee flexion or extension), leg mean total work, arm total peak torque, or arm mean total work. Mean energy costs for the isotonic and isokinetic exercise training were 446 kcal/h (18.8 +/- 1.6 ml.min-1.kg-1) and 214 kcal/h (8.9 +/- 0.5 ml.m-1.kg-1), respectively. Thus near-peak, variable intensity, isotonic leg exercise maintains peak VO2 during 30 days of BR, while this peak, intermittent, isokinetic leg exercise protocol does not.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Exercise training benefits growth hormone (GH)-deficient adults in the absence or presence of GH treatment.

Reduced aerobic capacity is a prominent manifestation among patients with GH deficiency (GHD). Exercise training may improve the physiological capacity to undertake aerobic activity. The ability of patients with GHD to participate in and benefit from a structured program of aerobic exercise with or without replacement recombinant human GH (rhGH) was investigated. We examined the effect of aerobic training on cycle ergometers in a double-blind crossover trial. Ten patients with GHD trained for 3 months with rhGH (6 microg/kg.d) or placebo, stopped both exercise and drug for 2 months, and resumed training for another 3 months with the other agent. Peak oxygen uptake (VO(2)peak) and ventilation threshold (VeT) were measured during a progressive cycle ergometer test to fatigue or symptom-limited maximum. Serum IGF-I levels were monitored to assess compliance with GH treatment. VO(2)peak was low at the two baseline measures (B1, 19.3 +/- 5.5; B2, 19.9 +/- 6.9 ml/kg.min; normal, approximately 30 ml/kg.min) as was VeT (B1, 11.6 +/- 2.2 ml/kg.min; B2, 11.7 +/- 2.6 ml/kg.min; normal, approximately 16 ml/kg.min). Exercise training increased VeT with (8.6%) or without (9.4%) rhGH treatment. Similarly, exercise training resulted in significant reduction in submaximal heart rate in the presence (-5 +/- 4 beats per minute; P < 0.05) or absence of rhGH treatment (-4 +/- 4 beats per minute; P < 0.05). Peak oxygen uptake was not significantly affected by training with or without rhGH treatment. Our findings suggest that exercise training is a feasible intervention in GH-deficient adults that can measurably improve their submaximal responses to exercise. The beneficial effects of exercise can mimic and are not additive to the effects of GH treatment alone.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Association between body fat response to exercise training and multilocus ADR genotypes.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the contribution of adrenergic receptor (ADR) gene polymorphisms and their gene-gene interactions to the variability of exercise training-induced body fat response. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: This was an intervention study that used a volunteer sample of 70 healthy, sedentary men (n = 29) and postmenopausal women (n = 41) 50 to 75 years of age, with a BMI < or = 37 kg/m2, from the Washington, DC, metropolitan area. Participants completed 6 weeks of dietary stabilization (American Heart Association diet) before 24 weeks of supervised aerobic exercise training. Diet was maintained throughout the intervention. Change in percent total body fat, percent trunk fat, and fat mass by DXA in ADR genotype groups (Glu12/Glu9 alpha2b-ADR, Trp64Arg beta3-ADR, and Gln27Glu beta2-ADR) at baseline and after 24 weeks of aerobic exercise training was measured. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis (covariates: age, gender, and baseline value of phenotype), best fit models for percent total body and trunk fat response to exercise training retained main effects of all three ADR gene loci and the effects of each gene-gene interaction (p = 0.009 and 0.003, respectively). Similarly, there was a trend for the fat mass response model (p = 0.03). The combined genetic factors explained 17.5% of the overall model variability for percent total body fat, 22% for percent trunk fat, and 10% for fat mass. DISCUSSION: The body fat response to exercise training in older adults is associated with the combined effects of the Glu12/Glu9 alpha2b-, Trp64Arg beta3-, and Gln27Glu beta2-ADR gene variants and their gene-gene interactions.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1995

Endothelium-mediated control of coronary vascular tone after chronic exercise training.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of endothelium-derived relaxing factors in the control of coronary vascular resistance in conditioned subjects (i.e., after exercise training for a period of time sufficient to complete adaptation processes). Results from studies with exercise trained (EX) dogs, miniature swine, and rats are summarized. Since the relative importance of vascular control mechanisms differ in various segments of the coronary arterial tree, the effects of EX on conduit arteries and the coronary arterial microcirculation are discussed separately. Results indicate that endothelium-mediated vasodilator responses are normal in conduit coronary arteries of EX dogs, miniature swine, and rats. It is proposed that endothelium-mediated vasodilation of conduit coronary arteries is enhanced early in the exercise-adaptive process but returns to normal as adaptation to EX is complete, when structural adaptations produce a relative decrease in coronary shear during exercise. EX miniature swine manifest enhanced endothelium-mediated vasodilation stimulated by bradykinin and flow in isolated coronary resistance arteries and appear to have increased expression of NO synthase (ecNOS). Brief training also appears to increase the expression of ecNOS. The role of endothelium-mediated vasodilation in regulation of coronary blood flow in EX animals remains uncertain.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Effects of exercise training on restoration of residual myocardial ischemia after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty].

The effects of exercise training on the restoration of hibernating myocardium after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were evaluated. Symptom-limited treadmill exercise with thallium-201 myocardial single photon emission CT (SPECT) was performed at one and 13 weeks after PTCA in 15 patients with training and in 15 control patients without training who had no restenosis on repeat angiography. For quantitative analysis, counts for the regions of interest (ROI) were calculated in the hypoperfused area on the polar map. Percent T1 uptake was determined by dividing counts of the hypoperfused area by counts of a normal reference area on the initial image (%IU) and delayed image (%DU). The difference between %DU and %IU, defined as percent redistribution (%RD), was a parameter of residual ischemia in the hypoperfused area. %DU increased significantly in the trained group (65 +/- 11 to 73 +/- 9.3%, p < 0.01) and in the untrained group (66 +/- 14 to 70 +/- 15%, p < 0.05). %RD decreased significantly in the trained group (6.3 +/- 3.2 to 2.8 +/- 2.3%, p < 0.01); whereas, there was no significant change in the untrained group (6.1 +/- 2.8 to 5.2 +/- 3.8%). These findings suggest that, after successful PTCA, exercise training helps alleviate myocardial ischemia, probably by fostering the promoting effects which restore the hibernating myocardium.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

[Morphological changes of muscle and capillary endothelial cells after aerobic exercise training under different temperature conditions].

The morphological changes of muscle cells and capillary endothelial cells of skeletal muscles were in wshigutet after long-term exercise training at various temperatures. One-hundred and forty rats were divided into seven groups and received a one-month exercise training at conditions of low (0 degree C), normal (26 degrees C) or high (42 degrees C) temperatures respectively. Muscle samples were obtained from extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) and soleus muscle (SOL) of each animal. These samples were used to observe the hitological differences by light microscope, and to observe the changes in the number of muscular mitochondria and capillary endothelial pinocytotic vesicles by electron microscope. We found that both low and high temperature groups had higher frequency of atrophy and necrosis in muscle fibers than the normal temperature group. Moreover, EDL muscle had significantly more mitochondria and pinocytotic vesicle than SOL muscle in the high and normal temperature groups. From these results, we suggested that changes of the environmental temperature cause histological malformations of muscle fibersabtw; in addition, these effects were more prominent in fast twitch muscles.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Exercise training and energy restriction decrease neutrophil phagocytic activity in judoists.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of weight reduction as the result of exercise training and energy restriction on neutrophil function. METHODS: Eighteen male competitive college judoists participated in the study. In a whole blood assay, oxidative burst activity, phagocytic activity, expressions of Fc gamma receptor 3 (CD16), and complement receptor 3 (CD11b) of neutrophils were measured on a per cell basis by flow cytometry at day 20, 5, and 1 before and at day 7 after the competition. RESULTS: The rate of neutrophil producing reactive oxygen species decreased before the competition, whereas the oxidative burst activity per cell increased significantly in all subjects, which resulted in a significant increase of the total oxidative burst activity. However, there were no significant effect of energy restriction on oxidative burst activity. The rate of neutrophils incorporating opsonized zymosan decreased significantly with energy restriction. The total phagocytic activity of 10,000 neutrophils and the phagocytic activity per cell also decreased significantly by severe energy restriction. The surface antigen expressions of CD11b and CD16 were unaffected by weight reduction. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that with respect to the management of health conditions, weight reduction for judoists should be composed of exercise training and energy restriction should be moderate.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Resistance exercise training attenuates alcohol-induced cardiac oxidative stress.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial oxidative stress is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Strenuous physical exercise has been shown to increase or decrease myocardial oxidative stress depending on the mode and duration of the exercise intervention. Given the possibility of individuals to engage in both alcohol consumption and weight-training exercise, we have examined the effect of resistance exercise training and chronic alcohol consumption on myocardial oxidative stress in rats. METHODS: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups: sedentary, sedentary plus alcohol treatment, resistance training, or resistance training plus alcohol treatment. Rats in the alcohol groups received a liquid diet containing alcohol (35% of kilocalorie intake) for 6 weeks. Non-alcohol groups were pair-fed the same liquid diet supplemented with a maltose dextrin caloric substitute. Rats in the resistance training groups were trained to rise onto their hind limbs while wearing lead-weighted vests 30 times per training session, 3 days per week during the 6 week experimental period. RESULTS: Alcohol treatment in the sedentary animals resulted in greater levels of cardiac malondialdehyde, a marker of lipid peroxidation, and a depressed index of myocardial antioxidant potential compared with all other groups (P<0.05). Hearts from the resistance training plus alcohol animals exhibited malondialdehyde and antioxidant levels similar to sedentary controls, suggesting that resistance training protected against the alcohol-induced myocardial stress. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that resistance training may attenuate the damaging effects of alcohol on the heart and preserve myocardial antioxidant capacity.

Adaptation, Physiological↗