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Results for “Eye Protective Devices”

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At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Experimental model of light focusing of the peripheral cornea.

PURPOSE: Epidemiologic studies have shown that the onset of cortical cataract occurs primarily in the inferonasal human lens and that the incidence of cortical cataract is correlated with ultraviolet light. Ray tracing analysis has suggested that the peripheral cornea concentrates light on the opposite peripheral lens and that the nose and orbit block peripheral light, except temporally, resulting in a relative concentration of light on the inferonasal lens. Studies were performed to test these theories. METHODS: A model cornea and anterior chamber, set on a disc of light-sensitive paper, was placed in the orbit of a human skull coated with wax to simulate soft tissue. The "eye" was exposed to summer sunlight at various times of day, with and without sunglasses. Discs from the different experimental groups were scanned, and the digitized images were analyzed densitometrically using image analysis software. RESULTS: With the head upright, the inferonasal section of the disc exhibited the most intense exposure under all lighting conditions. Sunglasses decreased the intensity of overall light exposure but did not eliminate the inferonasal bias. Only blocking the temple eliminated this effect. CONCLUSIONS: This model supports the idea that the peripheral cornea focuses light on the inferonasal portion of the human lens. These results may explain the correlation between light and the location of cortical cataract.

Cataract↗
PubMed1996

Pinhole occluder.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A comparison between phosphors for aviator's night vision imaging system.

BACKGROUND: The visual display on night vision goggles (NVG's) is green and isochromatic (P22 phosphor). Future systems are expected to use a P43 phosphor which has a narrower visible spectrum and is yellowish green, while the P22 is deeper green. In transitioning to the P43, some NVG's may have P22 and P43 phosphors paired in the same NVG. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the P43 phosphor and the effect of mixing phosphors in the same NVG. METHODS: We tested three systems: one with P22 phosphors in both tubes (P22), one with P43 in both tubes (P43), and one with P22 in the right and P43 in the left tube (mixed). Visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), flicker sensitivity, and dynamic CS were measured in six subjects with measures repeated across the three systems (P22, P43 and mixed). RESULTS: There was no difference between systems in VA or CS across a range of simulated night sky conditions. There also was no difference between systems in sensitivity to flicker. Performance on dynamic CS was slightly better with the P43 display, which may relate to the faster decay time of this phosphor. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide no contraindication for using the P43 phosphor in NVG's (paired or unpaired), but it would be prudent to minimize mixing of phosphors in the same NVG. Additional factors that may affect performance with different color displays are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Sport-related eye trauma: a survey of the presentation of eye injuries to a casualty clinic and the use of protective eye-wear.

The study investigated the workload offered by sport-related trauma to a busy casualty clinic and was carried out in two parts. The first part concerned compiling information about sport-related injuries presenting in 1 year to the outpatient eye clinic at Bradford Royal Infirmary. The second part attempted to investigate the awareness and the use of eye-protectors for squash by the student community of Bradford University, using a questionnaire. The sport-related injuries presenting to the casualty department were classified according to the sport involved. Analysis of the data shows that racquet sports, namely tennis, badminton and squash, jointly formed the highest percentage of presentations. In the case of squash and tennis injuries, follow-up treatment and/or admission to hospital was required in 100% of cases. These injuries could be reduced by wearing adequate eye-protectors. The questionnaire survey showed that only 9% of the squash players wore eye protection whilst playing, of whom 3.37% of the total had suffered lacerating injuries previously. Comparison with previous studies indicates that the pattern of eye injuries presenting to casualty departments, and the awareness of the general public concerning the use of eye-protectors, has not altered in recent years. Unless steps are taken, in terms either of mandatory use of eye-protectors and/or of educating the general public on the possible devastating effects of injury, these preventable injuries will continue to burden already overworked hospital casualty departments, draining both resources and expertise.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1995

Aetiology and prevalence of eye injuries within the United Kingdom fire service.

A survey was conducted on a sample of 1552 firefighting personnel to determine the incidence of eye injuries within the United Kingdom fire service. In total, 3.5% (n = 22/637) of firefighters per year will sustain an eye injury requiring 'medical attention'. This represents one ocular injury per 50,000 working hours. In 80% of cases eye protection was not being worn at the time of injury. Analysis of 75 accident report forms indicates that the vast majority (69/75) of eye injuries were sustained whilst on operational duty. These statistics are comparable to other professions which are considered to have an unacceptably high risk of injury and in which eye protection has therefore been actively enforced. It would follow that similar steps should be taken within the fire service to ensure firefighters wear eye protection on operational duty. This should apply even if there is no immediate recognition of a perceived danger. A firefighter presenting to an optometrist or medical practitioner, with or without an eye injury, should be counselled as to the advantages of eye protection.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lead contact lens for crystalline lens shielding in electron therapy for eyelid tumors.

In radiotherapy for eyelid tumors, a sufficient dose is required in the target tissue while preserving the crystalline lens. A I-mm thick, 20-mm diameter lead contact lens was prepared for crystalline lens protection. The lens was coated with an acrylic polymer and weighted 5.5 g. Six MeV electron therapy was scheduled using a 10 mm bolus on the eyelid. A simulation experiment proved that 0.78 +/- 0.04 percent of the maximal eyelid dose was given at the crystalline lens portion. A total of 14 eyelids in eight patients with cutaneous lymphoma, angiosarcoma, or basal cell carcinoma were treated with the contact lens. No cataract was found after irradiation over an average period of 24.3 months. The combination of the lead contact lens, bolus, and 6 MeV electron beam was a simple procedure and provided adequate dose distribution in the treatment of various eyelid tumors.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Exposure of eyes to laser radiation during dental surgery.

Fifty patients admitted to the clinic because of dental surgery were subjected to biostimulative laser therapy. Ophthalmological examinations were performed in each patient prior and after laserotherapy. The results were estimated according to the occurrence of lacrimation, redness of the conjunctiva, photophobia and the changed retinal reflex to the light. No pathological changes were revealed in the treated patients who had used protective glasses during the laserotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Ocular exposure to UV-B in sunlight: the Melbourne visual impairment project model.

Quantification of ocular exposure to ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) has become an important public health issue, with reports that the ozone layer is being depleted worldwide. Ocular exposure to UV-B is determined by ambient UV-B levels, the duration of outdoor exposure, the proportion of ambient UV-B that reaches the eye, and the use of ocular protection. We have developed a simplified model for quantifying lifetime ocular UV-B exposure that can be used in large epidemiological surveys. Exposure to UV-B is assessed and quantified using a model based on personal exposure over the six summer months. Data available for a population-based sample of 1150 people in the age range 40-98 years revealed a distribution in average annual lifetime ocular UV-B exposure similar to that reported in a previous study on which this model is based, and also demonstrate that people can recall lifetime personal behaviour related to ocular protection. It takes 12 minutes on average to collect these data. This model can be employed by researchers worldwide for uniform assessment of ocular UV-B exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Personal defense sprays: effects and management of exposure.

BACKGROUND: Most personal defense sprays contain o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS), w-chloroacetophenone (CN), oleoresin capsicum (OC), or a combination of these ingredients as the active agent. They are designed to incapacitate by causing acute ocular irritation, lacrimation, conjunctivitis, blepharospasm, and mild to moderate respiratory distress. METHODS: To assess the ocular effects of sprays containing OC as the active agent. Snellen visual acuities and anterior segment appearances of 22 police officers were determined before and after spray exposure. To assess the effects of OC spray contamination on soft contact lenses, four brands of lenses were sprayed and cleaned twice with an alcohol-based cleaner. Gas chromatography was used to search for residual OC in the lenses. RESULTS: All officers experienced intense blepharospasm, lacrimation, conjunctivitis, and incapacitation as the result of spray exposure. Acute effects lasted about 5 to 10 min, with relatively complete recovery occurring in about 30 to 60 min. All had significant conjunctivitis, and some had water-drop-shaped corneal defects that stained with fluorescein. These defects resolved within 24 hours without treatment. OC residue was found to be present in the soft lenses that had been sprayed and cleaned twice. CONCLUSIONS: Optometrists can manage uncomplicated spray exposure patients by directing at-home irrigation with water, and following up with an in-office examination. Soft lenses contaminated by OC spray should be discarded.

Aerosols↗