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At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Effects of chlorhexidine during immunosuppressive chemotherapy. A preliminary report.

Immunosuppressive chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation are increasingly used to treat and, in some cases, cure numerous malignant conditions. The systemic sequelae as a result of these immunosuppressive techniques lead to a host of oral and dental complications. The direct and indirect stomatotoxic effects lead to development of ulcerative, hemorrhagic, or infectious complications that potentially can lead to increased mortality and morbidity. Chlorhexidine was studied to evaluate its broad spectrum antimicrobial properties and to evaluate its effect on immunosuppression-induced mucositis. Our double-blind randomized study revealed that chlorhexidine versus controls had considerable effect in the bone marrow transplant cohort. Patients who received chlorhexidine while undergoing bone marrow transplantation were found to exhibit fewer and less painful mucositis lesions. This study supports prophylactic use of chlorhexidine in patients who undergo bone marrow transplantation.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1989

Dissolution of metallic mercury in artificial saliva and eleven other solutions.

Dissolution of metallic mercury immersed in various solutions for one, three, seven, and 14 days was investigated by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Solutions used in this study were artificial saliva, compounds of the four groups forming the artificial saliva (inorganic salts, amino acids, vitamins, other organic compounds) wholly or in part, 0.9% NaCl solution (saline solution), Ringer's solution, and distilled water. Artificial saliva showed a level of mercury dissolution seven times higher than that of saline or Ringer's solution. A large amount of dissolution, similar to that in artificial saliva, was found in the solution of the other organic compounds (containing glutathione) and in a solution containing only glutathione. Mercury dissolution in the solution of vitamins was small. There was a similarity in dissolution amounts between the solution of inorganic salts and that of amino acids. Glutathione played a major role in the dissolution of mercury.

Mercury↗
PubMed1989

Effect of water and artificial saliva on mechanical properties of some denture-base materials.

Two artificial saliva samples selected on the basis of being chemically and physically similar to natural saliva were used as saturation media so that we could investigate their effects on mechanical properties of four denture-base materials, and the results were compared with the effect of water on the same materials. Diffusion coefficients in the more viscous saliva were different from those in water but, in general, mechanical properties were similarly affected in all liquids, indicating that the aqueous phase of the artificial medium was a major factor influencing the results.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1990

Leachability of denture-base acrylic resins in artificial saliva.

We studied the influence of salivary acidity on leachability of denture-base acrylic resins with etiological interest in denture stomatitis because denture surfaces are frequently exposed to acidic conditions in the oral cavities. Auto-, heat-, and microwave-polymerized resins were immersed in artificial saliva with pH ranging from 4.0 to 6.8 at 37 degrees C, and leachables were pursued quantitatively with time. Methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and benzoic acid leached from all resins. Their concentrations in the saliva were markedly high for auto-polymerized resins, while leachability of heat- and microwave-polymerized resins was so low that quantitative analysis of leachables was impossible. Lower pH showed higher concentrations of methyl methacrylate, although no apparent association was confirmed between salivary acidity and its own leachability. The concentrations of methacrylic acid increased remarkably with an increase in pH, which was probably due to hydrolysis of methyl methacrylate. These results suggest that chemotoxic actions of auto-polymerized resins are potentially ascribable to methyl methacrylate under more acidic conditions and to methacrylic acid under less acidic conditions.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1990

Determination of the corrosion rates of six dental NiCrMo alloys in an artificial saliva by chemical analysis of the medium using ICP-AES.

So that the influence of salivary components upon the corrosion rate of six dental NiCrMo alloys could be established, their mass loss was determined in a medium consisting of a modified Fusayama's artificial saliva to which 300 mg KSCN/L had been added (pH 5.0). Nickel was the main element released; its loss vs. immersion time curves on a log-log plot resembled straight lines. The total nickel losses after one week ranged from 0.4 to 12.5 micrograms/cm2. From the nickel loss, corrosion currents were calculated. The corrosion currents at 24 hours of immersion were up to 67% larger than the currents in a previous study of these alloys, where the medium consisted of a 20 mM KCI-5 mM phosphate buffer solution (pH 7). The alloys with the least molybdenum content showed the largest corrosion current increase.

Chromium Alloys↗
PubMed1985

Corrosion of a stainless steel with low nickel content under static conditions.

The pattern of selective release of chromium, iron and molybdenum from a non-prepassivated ferritic stainless steel, with the designation SS 2326 and a nickel content of 0.3%, has been measured in artificial saliva under static conditions using nuclear tracer and ESCA techniques. The ICP-method was used to detect nickel which was found only in one case. The release rate of chromium, iron and molybdenum showed a strong time-dependent decrease as a consequence of chromium enrichment in the surface. This was shown by ESCA-measurements. This kinetics is characteristic for a passivating alloy i.e. self passivation. In view of the low nickel content of the SS 2326 steel compared to conventional stainless steel, the material may possess potential for use as a dental or orthopaedic biomaterial.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1984

Adolescents' health beliefs and acceptance of a novel preventive dental activity: a further note.

As part of two new school-based experiments, the dental health beliefs of adolescents were measured by questionnaires that emphasized personal and vicarious dental experiences. Premeasured beliefs showed zero order or negative relationships with adherence to at-home mouthrinsing in both a 1-year experiment and in the first year of a 2-year experiment; neither premeasured beliefs, nor new measures of beliefs obtained at the end of the first year, predicted adherence in the second year of the 2-year program. Behavior in the first year was inversely related to beliefs obtained at the end of that year. These new data, along with those collected as part of two earlier experiments which measured beliefs in a different manner, representing a total population of over 1500 subjects, cast doubt on the value of the Health Belief Model in either predicting or helping to explain behavior of adolescents in novel disease preventive programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of the substantivity of a chlorhexidine oral rinse in irradiated head and neck cancer patients.

A trial was conducted to evaluate the substantivity of chlorhexidine in a population of patients who had undergone primary or adjunctive radiation therapy for tumors of the head and neck. Subjects were instructed to first rinse with 0.12% chlorhexidine as per manufacturer instructions, followed by a releasing rinse provided 1 minute, 1 hour, and 4 hours later. All expectorants were collected, pH adjusted, and introduced to the test microorganism. Zones of bacterial inhibition were then measured and recorded. The results suggest that 0.12% chlorhexidine is retained in the oral cavity for at least 4 hours after an initial rinsing and that the property of substantivity remains active in spite of radiation-induced changes in the oral cavity and salivary glands.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗