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PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative analysis of thermoregulation in the nests of certain species of social insects].

Studies have been made on thermal regulation in the nests of families of the honey bee Apis mellifera, wasp Dolihovespula silvestris and bumblebees Bombus terrestris, B. agrorum and B. lapidaris during their maximum development. It was shown that thermoregulation significantly stimulated the brood in the nest. Among the species investigated, the highest thermoregulatory capacities are exhibited by honey bees, this fact being associated with the large number of individuals in their colonies. During cooling, bees group around the brood and their bodies make a cover of thermal insulation. Sheltering of the nests plays the main role in heat preservation of wasps and bumblebees. The latter, using contact method of heating of cells with the brood, provide rather constant temperature for its development. Honey bees, wasps and bumblebees react to overheating in the nests essentially in a similar way, i. e. by active aeration of their nests by vigorous wing beatings. The frequency of beatings increases with the increase in temperature.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[The relationship between mosquito vectors and aquatic birds in the potential transmission of 2 arboviruses].

The authors studied for two years the role of the chicks of aquatic birds in the arboviral cycles in coastal lagoons in central Panama in order to determine the relation between Culex (Melanoconion) ocossa and Mansonia (Mansonia) dyari mosquitoes in the transmission and dissemination of the viruses of Saint Louis Encephalitis (SLE) and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE). Mosquitoes were captured every fifteen days on two consecutive nights to isolate the virus, using light traps (CDC) and baited traps. The attempts to isolate the virus were made using Vero cell cultures and the determination of antibodies was performed. The results of the serologic tests seem to indicate that four bird species: the ex (?) heron (Bubulcus ibis), the American heron (Casmerodius albus), the spoon-billed duck (Cochlearius cochlearius) and the needle crow (Anhinga anhinga) could function as intermediate hosts in the transmission cycle of SLE. Two species, the ibis (Endocimus albus) and the spoon-billed duck (Cochlearius cochlearius) could also be intermediate hosts of VEE in the coastal lagoons of Panama. The presence of antibodies in chicks could indicate an infection acquired recently, after their birth, in this area. The VEE virus was recovered from blood filled mosquitoes which had fed on a spoon-billed duck probably infected and exposed in a Trinidad #10 trap. No SLE virus was isolated. Other unknown viruses were isolated from mosquitoes selected for these studies, such as C. ocossa and M. dyari. The results obtained with these studies indicate the need for more studies utilizing new field techniques in order to establish a link between SLE and VEE, the vector mosquitoes and the aquatic birds in the coastal lagoons of the area under investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Factors influencing the responses to nest damage in the African weaver ant. Oecophylla longinoda (Latreille).

Responses of the African weaver ants (Oecophylla longinoda) to nest damages were studied in the field in Nigeria. During the wet season, the ants responded to nest damages almost unexceptionnally by a quick onset of nest-repairing behaviour. The latencies to the start of nest-repairing activities (LN) did not depend on the size of the damage, but they were significantly shorter during the night, and positively correlated with ambient temperature. During the dry season, the ants responded to large nest damages mainly by abandonning the nest. In the case of medium size damages, the onset of nest-repairing behaviour was equally rapid as during the wet season, but in the case of small damages it was sometimes greatly delayed (up to three hours). The values of LN did not differ between the nighttime and the remaining times of the day, and they were not correlated with ambient temperature.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The attraction of the female urban mosquito Culex pipiens (Diptera, Culicidae) for oviposition by different attractants].

For urban female mosquitoes to lay eggs, the following potential attractants were dark containers, larval feed, ammonia solutions, larval culture medium and hay infusion were tested. The latter was found to be the best attractant since it was the most attractive and cheaper. The combination of the attractants did not enhance their efficiency. It is recommended that egg traps should be used to detect and measure the number of the mosquitos. The possibility of suppressing the quantity of the urban mosquitos by using the method is limited.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Large scale production of White Carneaux pigeons with reliable pedigrees: reproductive characteristics and parent-offspring identification.

The loft-breeding method was used for the production of 439 White Carneaux pigeons with reliable pedigrees. During the 1-year study, annual productivity averaged 10.5 offspring per parental pair, with a mean of 1.5 offspring per clutch. Early mortality was 13%; most deaths occurred during the first 10 days of age. Eighty-six percent of the clutches contained two eggs, 54% of which hatched. Only 23% of the single-egg clutches hatched. A majority of breeding pairs in the colony made alternate use of two adjacent nests. A seasonal variation was observed in the time intervals between successive clutches; the shortest intervals (37 days) occurred from March through July, while the longest intervals (119 days) occurred in midwinter. A regular daily pattern of parental nest hovering was seen: males incubated eggs and hovered newly hatched birds from 1000 until late afternoon, while females occupied the nests the remainder of the time. The loft-breeding method required frequent observations and accurate record keeping but, compared to individual mating of caged pairs, it had the advantages of lower cost and reduced management problems. The large outdoor lofts allowed the pigeons exercise, group social interactions, and exposure to natural environmental conditions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Basic taxonomic groupings of the organisms participating in the formation of nest-burrow microbiocenoses].

The transition of arthropods, other invertebrates and microorganisms to the nest-burrow habitats was accompanied (if presented in a historical aspect) by an intensive speciation resulting in a rise of a peculiar life form, nidicoles. Now nidicoles are reported in such large taxons as Protophyta, Mycophyta, Protozoa, Nematoda and Arthropoda. The main part of nidicoles is represented by arthropods, members of the orders Acariformes, Parasitiformes, Blattoidea, Saltatoria, Mallophaga, Anoplura, Heteroptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Siphonaptera.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Reproduction and conservation of the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea (Testudines: Dermochelyidae) in Gandoca, Costa Rica.

The leatherback turtle was studied in Gandoca, an important nesting beach on the southeastern Caribbean coast of Costa Rica (82 degrees 37' W; 09 degrees 37' N). In 1994, a total of 530 nests was recorded during the nesting season (February/July) and 160 leatherbacks were tagged; five were remigrants from the 1992 season and 15 carried tags from elsewhere. Eighty eight females only nested once. Mean curve carapace measurements were length 153.8 cm and width 112.0 cm. A hatchery received 82 clutches, with 6277 normal eggs. Their mean incubation period was 62.24 days (range: 56-68 days). Average hatching rate was 55.10% (S.D.: 25.04, range 15-96%). Extensive erosion, beach debris and poaching activity represent the main hazards for nesting in Gandoca.

Animals↗