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At least 1,117 records · Page 62Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A field investigation of the effects of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection around the time of insemination on the reproductive performance of cattle.

During a study of methods of synchronizing estrus in Bos indicus cattle, blood was collected from 169 heifers and 38 cows 2 to 3 days prior to artificial insemination (AI), and then again at Day 51 and Day 210 after AI to determine the incidence of infection with bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus. Prior to insemination 53 and 68% of the cows and heifers, respectively, were seronegative to the BVD virus. At Day 51 after AI, 70 and 32% of the seronegative cows and heifers, respectively, had seroconverted; but between Day 51 and Day 210, only 17 and 3% of the seronegative cows and heifers, respectively, had seroconverted. The Day- 51 pregnancy rate of cows which were immune (seropositive) to BVD virus infection at the time of AI was similar to the rate of the cows which became infected around the time of AI. However, the pregnancy rate of the immune heifers (44%, n=54) was significantly (P=0.04) greater than the rate of the heifers which became infected around the time of AI (24%, n=37). It was concluded that infection of susceptible females with BVD virus around the time of AI may significantly lower the pregnancy rate.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Reproductive performance of synchronized beef cows as affected by inhibition of suckling with nose tags or temporary calf removal.

A study was conducted to determine whether presence of the calf during suckling inhibition influences the response to estrus synchronization in beef cows. Angus or Hereford cows (n=89) were administered Syncro-Mate-B (SMB), which consisted of a 6-mg norgestomet ear implant (in situ 9 d) in conjunction with 5 mg of estradiol valerate and 3 mg (im) of norgestomet. Cows were allotted by breed, body condition, stage of the estrous cycle, parity and date of parturition to 1 of 3 treatments: 48-h calf removal; ad libitum suckling; or inhibition of suckling with a nose tag for 48 h. Calves were weighed at time of SMB implant removal, 48 h later and at weaning. Cows were mated via AI approximately 12 h after detection of estrus during a 30-d period after implant removal followed by a natural service period of 35 d. At 48 h after implant removal, calf removal and nose tag calves had lost an average of 3.6 and 0.9 kg, respectively, while the suckled calves gained 1.8 kg (P < 0.01). Mean calf weight at weaning did not differ among treatments. Synchronized estrous response (within 5 d of implant removal) was not different among treatments. Pregnancy rate for cows exhibiting a synchronized estrus (5 d AI) for calf removal, nose tag and suckled cows was 76, 48 and 48%, respectively (P>0.10). Treatment did not affect the 30-d AI or overall 65-d pregnancy rate. In this study, there were no differences observed in the percentage of synchronized or pregnant cows following suckling inhibition by either a nose tag or calf removal. Transient reductions of calf body weight during the 48-h calf removal period did occur in both the nose tag and calf removal groups.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Fertirelin and buserelin compared by LH release, milk progesterone and subsequent reproductive performance in dairy cows treated for follicular cysts.

This field study compared the efficacy of a single injection of 200 microg fertirelin with that of 20 microg buserelin in shortening the recovery period of 68 laotating Holstein-Friesian cows with ovarian follicular cysts 65 d post partum or later. Differential diagnosis was based not only on palpation per rectum but also on skim milk progesterone profiles ( or= 1.0 ng/ml) 1 wk after treatment, was evidenced in 75% of the fertirelin group and 72% of the buserelin group. A 74% conception rate was achieved in fertirelin-treated cows, with a mean interval of 71 d from treatment to conception. In the buserelin-treated cows, 65% conceived and the treatment-to-conception interval was 63 d. Differences were insignificant. At the doses used the two GnRH analogs were deemed equally effective in managing particularly stubborn follicular cysts.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Influence of a diet of fluoride-fed cockerels on reproductive performance of captive American kestrels.

In 1982, twenty-four pairs of captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were forced to renest by removal of their first clutches 6 days after their completion. Immediately following, each of three groups of eight pairs was randomly assigned to one of three daily dietary regimes for 10 days: (1) three 1-day old cockerels with background levels of F(-) (62.4+/-51ppm, mean+/-SD) in their femurae, (2) two 10-day old cockerels with 4512+/-810ppm of F(-) in their femurae, (3) two 10-day old cockerels with 7690+/-417ppm of F(-) in their femurae. Fluoride levels in femurae of treated kestrels were significantly (P<0.0025) higher than those of control birds. Clutch sizes tended to be smaller as more fluoride was added to the diet, but not significantly so, due to an increase of the variance in the treatment group. Per cent fertility and per cent hatchability were not significantly affected by treatment. The fluoride content in eggshells in the fluoride-treated groups differed significantly from those of the control group (P<0.001).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Hysteroscopic metroplasty in the diethylstilbestrol-exposed uterus and similar nonfusion anomalies: effects on subsequent reproductive performance; a preliminary report.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of correcting the uterine abnormalities seen in diethylstilbestrol (DES)-exposed women and similar anomalies. DESIGN: Patients served as their own controls. SETTING: University based and private practice tertiary referral practice. PATIENTS: Eight patients referred for infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, or both with an abnormal uterine contour as seen by hysterosalpingogram. INTERVENTION: Hysteroscopic metroplasty. OUTCOME MEASURES: Ability to conceive and carry pregnancy to livebirth. RESULTS: Three of five patients with secondary infertility and recurrent pregnancy losses had livebirths as did a patient with secondary infertility. Two patients with primary infertility failed to conceive. CONCLUSION: Metroplasty may decrease pregnancy loss in these patients but may not enhance fertility.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1988

The reproductive performance of East African (Bos Indicus) Zebu cattle in Ethiopia. 1. Estrous cycle length, duration, behavior and ovulation time.

The average (+/- standard deviation) estrous cycle length of 28 East African Zebu cows over a 217-d period, was 22.6 +/- 6.5 d with no significant (P>0.05) difference between seasons. Estrus had a mean duration of 7.66 +/- 4.68 h (ranging from 1 to 24 h) followed by ovulation 25.82 +/- 5.25 h after the onset of estrus. A larger number of estruses started during the day (64 vs 36% P<0.001) and they were longer during the dry season (P<0.05). Proestrus and metaestrus had average duration of 3.46 +/- 3.57 and 3.65 +/- 2.87 h, respectively. Of the estruses recorded, 31% had no proestrus and 34% had no metaestrus. More mounting occurred during the day than night (59 vs 41%; P<0.001), and mounting activity had two peaks: 0600 to 0900 h and 1600 to 1900 h. The average number of mounts observed per estrus was 9.2 (ranging from 1 to 58), and the mounts were concentrated at the beginning and end of estrus, irrespective of their duration. Vaginal mucus discharge was detected in 64% of the cows in estrus.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Bull effect on the reproductive performance of mature and first calf-suckled Zebu cows in the tropics.

This experiment was designed to determine if continuous bull exposure of heifers 2 wk post partum to a first calf (30 to 36 m old) or mature (42 to 72 m old) Zebú Brahman suckled cows reduces the interval to first estrus and the number of days open. Post partum first calf cows were randomly assigned to be exposed continuously to epidectomized bulls with surgical ablation of the dorsal ligament of the penis (Group 35 FBE, n = 25) or not exposed to bulls (Group FNE, n = 22). Post partum mature cows were likewise assigned to be continuously exposed (Group MBE, n = 24) or not exposed to bulls (Group MNE, n = 25). Milk samples were collected twice a week for progesterone assays to determine resumption of ovarian cyclic activity. All the cows were artificially inseminated for 120 d while in their respective treatment groups. The first postpartum estrus percentages were </=60 d, 41.9%; > 60 < 90 d, 24.4%; and > 90 d, 33.7%. The interval to first estrus f-or Groups FBE and FNE was 75.4 and 104.2 d, respectively, and differed significantly (P < 0.01). For Groups MBE and MNE the interval to first estrus was 76.3 and 95.0 d, respectively (P < 0.05). The number of open days for Groups FBE and FNE was 77.3 and 114.9, respectively (P < 0.01); while for Groups MBE and MNE it was 73.0 and 98.6 d, respectively (P < 0.01). The results of the present study indicate that introduction of bulls to first calving cows or mature Zebú Brahman cows after parturition provides a practical and economical option for reducing the extended post partum anestrus interval and days open under tropical conditions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Factors affecting the reproductive performance of the weaned sow.

The majority of sows return to estrus within 2 weeks after weaning. Swine practitioners attempt to optimize production by reducing the WEI. Some sows fail to resume estrous cyclicity after weaning; however, the endocrinologic pathogenesis of these anestrous sows is speculative. The average WEI is influenced by numerous factors, including season, environmental temperature, photoperiod, nutrition, stress, facility design, lactation length, and management practices. It is evident that the majority of these factors have a more profound influence on primiparous sows than on multiparous sows. Optimum protein and energy consumption by sows during lactation and after weaning and effective utilization of breeding facilities reduce the WEI. The precise roles of photoperiodic changes, elevated environmental temperatures, and stress in seasonal infertility remain poorly understood. Fortunately, current management techniques have reduced the WEI on most farms without instituting therapeutic measures.

Anestrus↗
PubMed2001

Enhanced reproductive performance of ewes given a sustained-release multi-trace element/vitamin ruminal bolus.

A sustained-release multi-trace element/vitamin bolus has been devised for administration to ewes in advance of mating. Each bolus contained 5.3g Cu, 50mg Se, 90mg Co, 100mg I, 3.2g Mn and 4.7g Zn with 268x10(3) IU Vitamin A, 54x10(3) IU Vitamin D and 800 IU Vitamin E. About 50% of each nutrient is released during the first 6 weeks. Thereafter the release rate slows and over the remaining life of the bolus (about 6 months extending to lambing time) the daily release rates are about 15mg Cu, 0.1mg Se, 0.2mg Co, 0.3mg I, 9.4mg Mn and 13mg Zn with 775 IU Vitamin A, 156 IU Vitamin D and 2 IU Vitamin E. In one study the proportion of twins born to ewes given the bolus was very significantly (P<0.001) higher than for the untreated ewes and greater than for those given a copper injection or copper oxide needles. In a second study the proportion of ewes given a bolus and having twin lambs was significantly (P<0.01) greater than for untreated ewes and significantly (P<0.05) fewer ewes were non-pregnant. In a third study, giving a bolus to shearling ewes tended (P=0.06) to result in fewer non-pregnant animals than for those untreated. Blood copper and Vitamin B(12) concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activities were above normal values throughout.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Reproductive performance and milk production of Damascus goats fed acacia shrubs or berseem clover hay in North Sinai, Egypt.

Thirty-three adult Damascus does (29 +/- 1.1 kg BW) were fed 0.6 kg per head per day of a concentrate diet plus ad libitum rice straw (Oryza sativa, control, R), or green acacia (Acacia saligna, A) or berseem clover hay (Trifolium alexandrinum, B). All treatment groups had free access to underground saline water containing 3600 ppm TDS. The DM intake was lower (p < 0.05) for the R group but did not differ between the other two groups. The DM intake of acacia was 0.64 kg per head per day (1.98% BW) during pregnancy and 0.93 kg per head per day (2.95% BW) during lactation. The drinking water differed (p < 0.05) between the three dietary treatments; group B had the highest mean intake and group A had the lowest. The percentage kidding and the litter weight at birth did not differ significantly between the groups. However, the number of kids weaned/doe kidding and the weight of the kids weaned/doe kidding were significantly higher for group B. The mean body weight of the kids at birth and at weaning were significantly lower for group R. The total milk yield over 10 weeks and the milk composition (total solids, fat and protein percentages) were significantly different between the three groups; group B having the highest means and group R the lowest. These results suggest that supplemental feeding is required to enhance the productivity of goats in arid or semi-arid environments and Acacia saligna should not be used fresh in excessive quantities for extended periods.

Acacia↗
PubMed2004

The effects of a short-term increase in supplementation on the reproduction performance in lactating crossbred dairy cows.

The hypothesis that dairy cows partially suckling their calves would ovulate following removal of calves when restored to positive energy balance by a short-term increase in supplementation was investigated in 65 crossbred cows. Five treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5) that differed in the amount of total concentrate fed from calving to week 24 were involved. Calves were allowed to suck residual milk to 12 weeks of age. Energy balance was estimated by measuring intake, milk yield and organic matter digestibility. The occurrence of ovulation was determined by the analysis of milk progesterone (P4) concentration. Four groups that were receiving additional supplementation were restored to positive energy balance, while the control group (T1) remained in negative energy balance. The percentage of cows ovulating was 36%, 58%, 92%, 90% and 60% for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively (p = 0.026). Comparison of the timing of ovulation for combined results from T1+T2 and T3+T4+T5 estimated mean time to fail to ovulate as 110+/-9.0 and 87+/-7.6 days, respectively (p = 0.023). The percentage of the cows showing oestrus was 9%, 8%, 33%, 40% and 40% for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively (p = 0.197). Short-term increases in supplementation are unlikely to be an attractive means of reducing calving intervals.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1987

Reproductive performance of female goats given progestagen associated with PMSG and/or HMG in deep anestrus.

During deep anestrus and after a 21-day fluorogestone acetate (FGA) treatment, 200 pluriparous lactating Alpine goats were given randomly one of four treatments: (A) 500 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) 48 h before sponge removal; (B) 500 IU of PMSG 48 h before sponge removal and an ampoule of human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) at sponge removal; (C) two ampoules of HMG at sponge removal; (D) four ampoules of HMG at sponge removal. All the goats were mated naturally during estrus. The percentage of goats kidding (fertility rate) was 6, 34, 40 and 36% for groups A, B, C, and D, respectively; the number of kids/pregnant female (prolificacy) averaged between 1.33 and 1.72. The accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis on the basis of plasma progesterone concentration 20 to 22 days after mating was not particularly satisfactory, mainly because many pregnant goats, and especially group A goats, showed abnormally prolonged luteal activity. The determination of total estrone 60 days after mating gave almost 100% overall accuracy.

Anestrus↗