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PubMed1962

[Wasps].

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Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Use of parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in the biological control of domestic flies in pig housing].

Adaptability of two parasitoid species S. nigroaenea and M. zaraptor to conditions of stable microclimate was investigated in a farrowing house. The colony was reared in an insectary at a temperature of 24-26 degrees C and relative humidity of 60-70% in cages of the size 0.3 x 0.3 x 0.2 m. The development of the species M. zaraptor from egg to adult lasted 19 to 23 days, in S. nigroaenea it was 23 to 25 days. Rates of parasitism of house fly pupae were followed in plastic pots (8 x 4 x 9 cm) with larval medium for fly rearing. The larval medium consisted of milk powder, wheat bran and dried yeast. Both species were demonstrated to be able to penetrate to pupae in deeper layers of the medium (Tab. 1) and in this way to control the amounts of fly adults after their eclosion. The results were evaluated by Student's t-test. 98% of flies in the stable were house flies (Musca domestica L.), the remaining flies were stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans L.). No parasitoids were observed in the stable. Two pots containing 2-3,000 pupae parasitized by S. nigroaenea and M. zaraptor were placed in the stable on 30th January 1990. Parasitoids were monitored at three locations of the stable according to parasitism rates of lab-reared house fly pupae exposed in plastic pots with larval medium. Twenty-two checks were made in 2 to 4 week intervals from February to November 1990, and one final check after a six-month interruption (Tab. II). Both species persisted in the stable for the whole period of observation (Fig. 1). The species S. nigroaenea, the population levels of which were much higher, showed the greater migration activity after its individuals had been released to the stable. Sprayings with the Alfacron insecticide were performed in the stable in March and September 1990 in the course of this experiment.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Wasp sting anaphylaxis as a cause of death: a case report.

A case of death after anaphylactic reaction to a vespid is reported. The antecedent of the patient, the RAST and the RAST-Inhibition results and the geographical distribution of the vespids indicate that the responsible species was "Polistes dominulus". The pathologic finding supported that the cause of the death was an anaphylactic reaction without coexistence of any previous cardiovascular disease or other coexisting agent that could precipitate the fatal outcome.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Are mummy characteristics reliable indicators of diapause and cold tolerance in the parasitoid wasp Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Braconidae, aphidiinae) ?

Many insect species have evolved different overwintering survival strategies such as cold tolerance or diapause. This study investigated the relationship between Aphidius rhopalosiphi mummy colour and cold tolerance and diapause. Mummy colour was insufficient to discriminate diapausing from non-diapausing individuals. This phenotypic character seems to reflect environmental conditions rather than direct developmental time and cocoon thickness (identification criteria of diapause). There is, however, a relationship between cold tolerance and mummy colour. Dark mummies exhibited significantly higher water content, survival at low temperature and lower supercooling point values than pale mummies. Mummy colour in Aphidius rhopalosiphi seems to be a phenotypic indicator of the cold tolerance.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2006

Malathion-induced oxidative stress in a parasitoid wasp: effect on adult emergence, longevity, fecundity, and oxidative and antioxidative response of Pimpla turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae).

Effects of an organophosphorus insecticide, malathion, on survivorship and lipid peroxidation of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.), pupae were investigated by rearing the newly hatched larvae on an artificial diet containing 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ppm of the insecticide. As bioindicators of long-term physiological stress responses, the adult emergence rate, longevity, and fecundity associated with lipid peroxidation level and antioxidant enzyme activity in the endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) were determined by rearing the parasitoid on a factitious host, G. mellonella pupae treated with malathion. At 100 ppm, malathion significantly decreased pupation rate of G. mellonella larvae and the rate of adult emergence of the parasitoid from these pupae. This concentration resulted in a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) in both the host and the parasitoid. Malathion at 1 and 10 ppm significantly increased pupation rate and lipid peroxidation level of G. mellonella pupae. The adult emergence rate of P. turionellae was significantly decreased from 63.7 to 20% by these concentrations, whereas MDA content was increased by two- and three-fold, respectively, compared with the control (45.3 +/- 3.2 nmol/ g protein). The longevity of adults was significantly extended from 52.5 +/- 5.7 to 75.7 +/- 6.3 d when the parasitoids emerged from host pupae exposed with 0.1 ppm malathion. At low concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 ppm), malathion significantly increased the number of eggs laid per female per day. However, the lowest concentration (0.01 ppm) had no significant effect on hatchability, whereas 0.1 ppm of the insecticide resulted in significant decrease in egg hatch compared with the control. A significant increase in total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity for low concentrations of malathion (0.01-1 ppm) was found compared with the control. There was a significant positive correlation of SOD activities with adult longevity and fecundity. This study suggested that malathion-induced oxidative stress was causative factor in the deterioration of biological fitness and that increased SOD activities may have resulted in decreased oxidative damage, which retarded the rate of deteriorative physiological changes in P. turionellae in response to sublethal doses of malathion.

Animals↗