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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Isokinetic study of muscle strength in osteoarthritic knees of females.

The present investigation was aimed at assessing the difference in peak torque between normal and osteoarthritic (OA) knees in females. Fifty-five female osteoarthritic patients with 85 osteoarthritic knees were studied. Thirty-three normal females of similar age were also collected as a control group. The muscle torque of the knee flexor and extensor was assessed by a Cybex II dynamometer. The speed of isokinetic contraction was set at 30 RPM, 5 RPM, and 0 RPM. The muscle torque of the affected knee in patients with unilateral osteoarthritis was found to be significantly greater than that of those with bilateral osteoarthritis (p less than 0.05). The peak torque of OA patients at the faster speed (30 RPM) showed significant deterioration with age. Compared with the value for controls, the deficit of peak torque in geriatric patients was significant (p less than 0.05), especially at the faster speed (30 RPM). The decrease in extensor torque in OA knees tended to be greater than that of flexor torque, especially in patients less than 51 years of age at 5 RPM and 0 RPM. Age, duration of illness and the grading of X-ray change accounted for isokinetic torque differences in osteoarthritic knees.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Muscle strength and mineral densities in the mandible.

Bone mineral density (BMD) in the femoral neck and lumbar spine was measured for 355 postmenopausal 48- to 56-year-old women and the BMD in five different regions in the mandible for 77. All 355 women were also classified according to the size of the masseter muscle. Both skeletal measures and the BMD of the buccal cortex distally from the foramen mentale were compared with the size of the masseter muscle. This study indicates that functional stress, caused by the masseter muscle, is involved in maintaining bone mineral density in edentulous regions of the mandible. Those individuals who are physically active or are bruxists may lose less mineral, after extractions of teeth, from those regions of the jaw bones where the muscles are attached.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2005

Effects of whole body vibration training on muscle strength and sprint performance in sprint-trained athletes.

Despite the expanding use of Whole Body Vibration training among athletes, it is not known whether adding Whole Body Vibration training to the conventional training of sprint-trained athletes will improve speed-strength performance. Twenty experienced sprint-trained athletes (13 male symbol, 7 female symbol, 17-30 years old) were randomly assigned to a Whole Body Vibration group (n=10: 6 male symbol and 4 female symbol) or a Control group (n=10: 7 male symbol, 3 female symbol). During a 5-week experimental period all subjects continued their conventional training program, but the subjects of the Whole Body Vibration group additionally performed three times weekly a Whole Body Vibration training prior to their conventional training program. The Whole Body Vibration program consisted of unloaded static and dynamic leg exercises on a vibration platform (35-40 Hz, 1.7-2.5 mm, Power Plate). Pre and post isometric and dynamic (100 degrees/s) knee-extensor and -flexor strength and knee-extension velocity at fixed resistances were measured by means of a motor-driven dynamometer (Rev 9000, Technogym). Vertical jump performance was measured by means of a contact mat. Force-time characteristics of the start action were assessed using a load cell mounted on each starting block. Sprint running velocity was recorded by means of a laser system. Isometric and dynamic knee-extensor and knee-flexor strength were unaffected (p>0.05) in the Whole Body Vibration group and the Control group. As well, knee-extension velocity remained unchanged (p>0.05). The duration of the start action, the resulting start velocity, start acceleration, and sprint running velocity did not change (>0.05) in either group. In conclusion, this specific Whole Body Vibration protocol of 5 weeks had no surplus value upon the conventional training program to improve speed-strength performance in sprint-trained athletes.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1995

Reliability of measurements of muscle strength and voluntary activation using twitch interpolation.

We investigated the reproducibility of measurements of maximal voluntary torque and maximal voluntary activation using twitch interpolation. On 5 days, each of 5 subjects performed 10 maximal voluntary isometric contractions of their elbow flexors. Single supramaximal stimuli were delivered over biceps brachii at the measured peak torque during each effort, and in the relaxed muscle 5 s later. A voluntary activation score was calculated from the size of twitches evoked by the stimuli (resolution < 0.15 Nm). Although all subjects were able to drive the stimulated elbow flexor muscles maximally in some trials, they did not do so in 75% of all contractions. Maximal voluntary torques did not vary significantly within a subject between sessions. There were consistent differences in the level of maximal voluntary activation between subjects (P < 0.01), but no differences in voluntary activation within an individual across days in 4 of 5 subjects. Failure to drive the stimulated elbow flexor muscles maximally was not associated with inadvertent co-contraction of the antagonist muscles.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Cycling as a novel approach to resistance training increases muscle strength, power, and selected functional abilities in healthy older women.

Cycling on a mechanically braked cycle ergometer was used as a novel approach to compare the effects of three different 16-wk resistance-training programs on isometric force, power output, and selected functional abilities in 31 healthy 65- to 74-yr-old women. Training was conducted three times per week. During each session, individuals of the speed group performed 8 sets of 16 pedal revolutions at 40% of the maximal resistance to complete two revolutions (2 RM); strength group performed 8 sets of 8 revolutions at 80% of 2 RM; and combination group performed 4 sets of 16 revolutions at 40% and 4 sets of 8 revolutions at 80% of 2 RM. During each set, all participants were required to pedal as fast as possible with a 2-min interval between sets. All training groups significantly increased force, power, and functional abilities (maximal treadmill walking speed, vertical jumping, and box stepping) at week 8 (in the range from 6.5 to 20.8%) with no further improvement at week 16 (except maximal treadmill walking speed), but no significant differences were observed between the three groups. The novel approach to performing both low- and high-resistance training, based on the use of a cycle ergometer, has been shown to be effective in improving strength, power, and functional abilities in a group of healthy women. Even fit older women can still improve in functional abilities. Interestingly, the "high-speed" and "low-speed" programs induced an increase in both power and strength of similar magnitude.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1993

Muscle strength and serum testosterone, cortisol and SHBG concentrations in middle-aged and elderly men and women.

Forty healthy males (M) and females (F) divided into two different age groups i.e. M50 years (range 44-57; n = 9), F50 years (range 43-54; n = 9), M70 years (range 64-73; n = 11) and F70 years (range 63-73; n = 11) volunteered as subjects for examination of muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and maximal voluntary isometric force production characteristics of the leg extensor muscles and serum androgen and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations. The CSA in the male groups was greatly larger (P < 0.01) than in the female groups and both elderly groups demonstrated slightly (n.s.) smaller values in the CSA than the two middle-aged groups. Maximal force of 2854 +/- 452 N in M50 was greater (P < 0.05) than that of 2627 +/- 752 N recorded for F50 as well as the force of 2787 +/- 843 in M70 was greater (P < 0.001) than that of 1849 +/- 295 recorded for F70. The force between F50 and F70 differed significantly (P < 0.05) from each other. The maximal rate of force production in M50 was greater (P < 0.01) than in F50 as well as in M70 greater (P < 0.01) than in F70. Both middle-aged groups demonstrated greater (P < 0.05) values than the respective elderly groups of the same sex. The individual values in the CSA correlated with the values in maximal force both in the middle-aged subjects (r = 0.66; P < 0.01) and in the elderly subjects (r = 0.69; P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗