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PubMed1997

Formation of a Chiral Hydroxamic Acid with an Amidase from Rhodococcus erythropolis MP50 and Subsequent Chemical Lossen Rearrangement to a Chiral Amine.

The amidase from Rhodococcus erythropolis MP50 demonstrated, in the presence of hydroxylamine, acyltransferase activity and catalyzed the formation of hydroxamates from amides and hydroxylamine. The rates of acyltransferase activity of the purified amidase for the substrates acetamide, phenylacetamide, and 2-phenylpropionamide were higher than the corresponding rates for the hydrolysis reactions. With the substrate 2-phenylpropionamide the hydrolysis reaction and the acyltransferase activity were highly enantioselective. The optically active 2-phenylpropionhydroxamate was converted by a chemical Lossen rearrangement in an aqueous medium into the enantiopure S-1-phenylethylamine.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Effect of aromatic compounds on cellular fatty acid composition of Rhodococcus opacus.

In cells of Rhodococcus opacus GM-14, GM-29, and 1CP, the contents of branched (10-methyl) fatty acids increased from 3% to 15 to 34% of the total fatty acids when the cells were grown on benzene, phenol, 4-chlorophenol, chlorobenzene, or toluene as the sole source of carbon and energy, in comparison with cells grown on fructose. In addition, the content of trans-hexadecenoic acid increased from 5% to 8 to 18% with phenol or chlorophenol as the carbon source. The 10-methyl branched fatty acid content of R. opacus GM-14 cells increased in a dose-related manner following exposure to phenol or toluene when toluene was not utilized as the growth substrate. The results suggest that 10-methyl branched fatty acids may participate in the adaptation of R. opacus to lipophilic aromatic compounds.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Purification and characterization of a dimeric phenylalanine dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus maris K-18.

NAD+-dependent phenylalanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.) was purified to homogeneity from a crude extract of Rhodococcus maris K-18 isolated from soil. The enzyme had a molecular mass of about 70,000 daltons and consisted of two identical subunits. The enzyme catalyzed the oxidative deamination of L-phenylalanine and several other L-amino acids and the reductive amination of phenylpyruvate and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. The enzyme required NAD+ as a natural coenzyme. The NAD+ analog 3-acetylpyridine-NAD+ showed much greater coenzyme activity than did NAD+. D-Phenylalanine, D-tyrosine, and phenylethylamine inhibited the oxidative deamination of L-phenylalanine. The enzyme reaction was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate and HgCl2. Initial-velocity and product inhibition studies showed that the reductive amination proceeded through a sequential ordered ternary-binary mechanism. NADH bound first to the enzyme, followed by phenylpyruvate and then ammonia, and the products were released in the order L-phenylalanine and NAD+. The Michaelis constants were as follows: L-phenylalanine, 3.8 mM; NAD+, 0.25 mM; NADH, 43 microM; phenylpyruvate, 0.50 mM; and ammonia, 70 mM.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1981

Septic Arthritis and osteomyelitis caused by an organism of the genus Rhodococcus.

We describe a previously healthy, immunologically normal young girl who presented painless swelling of fingers, a toe, and one knee. Roentgenograms were consistent with osteomyelitis of the phalanges and knee effusion. Rice bodies (corpora oryzoidea) were identified in viscous fluid obtained from the knee during arthroscopy. Culture of this fluid grew an organism initially believed to be a member of the genus Nocardia but which was later presumptively identified as a member of the genus Rhodococcus. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of erythromycin and amoxicillin for a total of 6 months. Previously reported cases of this unusual infection and the microbiological features of the organism are reviewed. The significance of rice bodies found in joint fluid and the therapy of this infection are discussed.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1985

Meningitis caused by Gordona aurantiaca (Rhodococcus aurantiacus).

In a case of hairy cell leukemia, Gordona aurantiaca (Rhodococcus aurantiacus) was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid as the pathogen responsible for lethal infection of the central nervous system. The pathogen had been isolated previously from one case of pulmonary infection process only.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1986

High-performance liquid chromatography of mycolic acids as a tool in the identification of Corynebacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, and Mycobacterium species.

High-performance liquid chromatography of bromophenacyl esters of mycolic acid was used as an aid to assign a particular organism to one of four mycolic acid-containing genera. A gradient elution system, with methanol and chloroform, was used to distinguish representative mycolic acid patterns for the genera Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus, Nocardia, and Mycobacterium.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1986

Quantitative aspects of fecal Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in foals.

Quantitative aspects of fecal Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in newborn foals for 12 weeks after birth were investigated on two horse breeding farms. R. equi was found in the feces of foals during week 1 of life. The greatest numbers of R. equi were present in the feces of foals during the first 8 weeks of their lives, which coincides with the age when foals are most liable to be exposed to R. equi.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Immunoglobulin and specific antibody responses to Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi infection in foals as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Humoral immune response to intestinal Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in horses was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-R. equi immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA antibodies were demonstrated in the healthy horse population. Adult horse levels of anti-R. equi IgM and IgG antibodies were reached by 5 to 9 weeks of age in two healthy newborn foals. R. equi was recovered from the foals in the range of 10(3) to 10(4) per g of intestinal contents. A 1-week-old foal was infected with R. equi by mouth daily for 9 weeks. The foal did not show any clinical signs of illness. Anti-R. equi IgM antibody values in the foal increased about 5 to 8 weeks after initial inoculation, similar to the naturally occurring immune response to intestinal R. equi. There were differences among the antibody responses to R. equi in healthy horses, foals with suspected infection, and infected foals. These results suggest that exposure to R. equi is widespread in the horse population and that intestinal R. equi is the most important source of antigenic stimulation for a naturally occurring immune response in horses.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Opportunistic lung infection caused by Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi.

Rhodococcus (formerly Corynebacterium) equi, a common animal pathogen, can cause a slowly evolving pneumonia in humans, particularly immunocompromised people. The authors describe two patients; one with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. On chest radiographs, R. equi produces chronic, localized pulmonary opacities that can cavitate. The main differential diagnoses are tuberculosis and fungal infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of phages derived from strains of Rhodococcus australis and R. equii.

Rhodococcus australis strain CSIR-A201 and R. equii strain CSIR-A655 spontaneously liberated phages A and B, respectively. The phages have different host ranges, but both infect R. rubropertinctus ATCC 14352. phage infection of strains resulted in stable lysogeny. The phages have similar morphologies and belong to the family Styloviridae. The DNA restriction enzyme patterns of the phages differ and do not correspond to those of actinophage phi EC. These temperate phages did not transduce prototrophic or antibiotic resistance markers to appropriate hosts.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed2001

Selective cleavage of the two CS bonds in asymmetrically alkylated dibenzothiophenes by Rhodococcus erythropolis KA2-5-1.

The Rhodococcus erythropolis strain KA2-5-1 was characterized by its ability to cleave carbon-sulfur bonds in the dibenzothiophene (DBT) ring by asymmetrically alkyl substitution, such as C2-DBTs (e.g., dimethyl and ethyl DBTs) and C3-DBTs (e.g., trimethyl and propyl DBTs), which are known to remain in hydrodesulfurization-treated diesel fuels. After treatment by solid-phase extraction (SPE) of solvents from microbial reactions of alkylated DBTs (Cx-DBTs), we used gas chromatography (GC), GC-atomic emission detection, GC-mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify and quantitatively evaluate the Cx-DBT metabolites. Molar ratios of metabolic isomers of the desulfurization products suggested that resting-cell reactions of KA2-5-1 against these Cx-DBTs occurrs through specific carbon-sulfur-bond-targeted cleavages, yielding alkylated hydroxybiphenyls, and that the manner of the attack on the DBT skeleton is affected not only by the position but also by the number and length of the alkyl substituents.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

[Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in AIDS: a case report]

We describe the first case, in Campania, of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in an HIV positive subject. The clinical symptoms resolved after antibiotic therapy. The pulmonary lesion at 10 months of radiological follow up results just partially reduced in its diameters.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Production of cis-1,2-dihydroxy-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene (toluene cis glycol) by Rhodococcus sp. MA 7249.

An attractive method for producing cis-1,2-dihydroxy-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene (toluene cis glycol) was developed employing a cis dihydrodiol dehydrogenase "deficient" strain of Rhodococcus (MA 7249). The toluene cis glycol produced was found to have optical rotations of [alpha]D25 = +25.8 (c 0.45, CH3OH) and +72.8 (c 0.42, CHCl3) which indicated an absolute configuration of (1S,2R) when compared with previously published values. When cultivated in laboratory fermentor in the presence of toluene vapors, MA 7249 reached a toluene cis glycol concentration up to 18 g/l in 110 h. Culture MA 7249 also accumulated cis (1S,2R) dihydrodiols from dihydronaphthalene, biphenyl, chlorobenzene, and styrene.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biological properties of the alpha-mannanase of Rhodococcus erythropolis].

When Rhodococcus erythropolis is cultivated under the submerged conditions in a medium containing yeast mannan as a sole carbon source, it synthesizes exocellular alpha-mannanase which hydrolyzes alpha-1,2 and alpha-1,3 bonds in a mannan molecule. The alpha-mannanase of R. erythropolis exerts distinct lectin properties under the conditions which entirely exclude its enzyme activity.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1985

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of Corynebacterium (Rhodococcus) equi infection in foals.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to diagnose Corynebacterium (Rhodococcus) equi infection in foals. In tests done with different antigen-extraction procedures (sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium deoxycholate, polyoxy-ethylene [9] p-tert-octylphenol, polyoxy-ethylene [9-10] p-tert-octylphenol, sonification, homogenization, and heat treatment at 121 C), Tween 20 was a satisfactory reactive antigen. Using hyperimmune rabbit sera or infected foal sera, we investigated the specificity and the sensitivity of the ELISA with the Tween 20 antigen of the different serotypes or of the isolates. Corynebacterium equi strain ATCC 6939 antigen had the best activity for detecting antibodies to C equi in foals. Sera from 218 healthy horses, 11 healthy foals, 17 healthy newborn foals, a foal with suspected C equi infection, and 5 infected foals were evaluated for antibodies to C equi, using ELISA. The optical density values of 206 healthy horses, 17 healthy newborn foals, and 9 healthy foals were less than 0.1. Infected foal sera, except from foal 3, and serum from a foal with suspected C equi infection had higher optical density values. Using ELISA, specific antibodies against C equi were detected in a naturally infected 6-week-old foal after the foal had a rapid increase in the number of bacteria in the feces and after the initial development of clinical signs of illness at 5 weeks of age. Therefore, ELISA was useful for the early diagnosis of C equi infection in foals.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Fine structural studies of Rhodococcus species.

Fine structural aspects of Rhodococcus rhodochrous and R. equi are described and illustrated by electron micrographs after staining of cells by a variety of electron cytochemical procedures. The cell contents of these actinomycetous bacteria were those of a typical prokaryotic cell and consistent with that observed for other species of the Actinomycetales. Fixation with either osmium tetroxide or permanganate indicated the presence of an electron opaque substance at the wall exterior of R. rhodochrous which is thought to be composed of protein. Ruthenium red and Alcian blue-lanthanum stains for mucosubstances revealed that both species possess a capsular substance thought to be composed of a mucopolysaccharide or mucopolysaccharide-protein complex. This substance was non-reactive toward the PATAg stain for polysaccharide macromolecules containing vicinal glycol groups.

Cell Membrane↗