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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

A clinical investigation of the tooth whitening efficacy of a new hydrogen peroxide-containing dentifrice.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this four-week, double-blind clinical study was to assess the tooth whitening efficacy of a new dentifrice delivering 1.0% hydrogen peroxide, 0.243% sodium fluoride, and sodium tripolyphosphate in a high-cleaning silica base (Test Dentifrice), relative to that of a control dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (Control Dentifrice). METHODOLOGY: Following a baseline oral soft tissue examination and tooth shade assessment using the Vita Shade Guide, qualifying adult male and female subjects from the New Delhi, India area were randomized into either the Test or Control Dentifrice group. The two groups were balanced for baseline mean Vita Shade Guide rank scores. All subjects were provided with their assigned dentifrice and a soft-bristled adult toothbrush for home use. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth for two minutes twice daily (morning and evening), using only the dentifrice provided, and to refrain from using any other oral hygiene products for the entire four weeks of the study. There were no restrictions regarding diet or smoking habits during the course of the study. Oral soft tissue and tooth shade evaluations for each subject were repeated after two and four weeks of product use. RESULTS: Forty-four (44) subjects complied with the protocol and completed the entire study. At the two- and four-week examinations, the Test Dentifrice group had statistically significant mean shade rank score reductions of 4.04 and 5.17, respectively, compared to baseline (p < 0.05), while the Control Dentifrice had respective reductions of 0.41 and 0.53, which were also statistically significant. The mean shade rank reductions in the Test group compared to those in the Control group at two and four weeks were 3.63 and 4.64, respectively, and were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A new whitening dentifrice delivering 1.0% hydrogen peroxide, 0.243% sodium fluoride and sodium tripolyphosphate has significant tooth whitening effectiveness, producing a mean shade rank score reduction from baseline of 5.17 after four weeks' use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Causes, prevention, and treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.

This article presents an overview of dentin hypersensitivity, including its causes, prevention, and treatment. The author provides information on hypersensitivity associated with exposed cervical dentin, tooth-whitening procedures, and direct and indirect restorations.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2004

A new approach to strip-based tooth whitening: 14% hydrogen peroxide delivered via controlled low dose.

Professionally dispensed, take-home whitening products originally consisted of tray systems into which the patient dispensed a peroxide-containing gel. Because the process of inserting peroxide-containing gels into the trays is patient controlled, the resulting exposure of the gingiva to peroxide can be variable, and often high. In addition to concentration, soft tissue irritation is a function of the amount, or dose, of peroxide with which the tissue is challenged. All other things being equal, higher-concentration products will whiten faster because of the peroxide concentration gradient, but they also will lead to poorer soft tissue tolerability because of a higher peroxide challenge. Consequently, take-home trays are somewhat limited with respect to the concentration of hydrogen peroxide that they can safely use. In 2000, strip-based whitening technology was introduced that allowed a controlled, uniform, low dose of peroxide to be applied to the teeth. An execution of this strip-based technology that contained 6.5% hydrogen peroxide, Crest Professional Whitestrips, was launched in 2001. A new professionally dispensed strip product, Crest Whitestrips Supreme, recently has been introduced. A 14% hydrogen-peroxide gel is incorporated onto these strips, but the amount of gel is half of what is on the 6.5% strips. The net result is that the dose, or amount, of peroxide on each strip is essentially the same as for the Professional Whitestrips product. Therefore, the 14% hydrogen-peroxide strip product whitens faster and better than previous strip products, while still being well tolerated by the soft tissue.

Carbamide Peroxide↗
PubMed2004

Effect of tray-based and trayless tooth whitening systems on microhardness of enamel surface and subsurface.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of tray-based and trayless tooth whitening systems on surface and subsurface microhardness of human enamel. METHODS: Enamel slabs were obtained from recently extracted human third molars. Specimens were randomly assigned to six groups according to tooth whitening treatment (n = 10): 6.0% hydrogen peroxide (HP) (Crest Whitestrips), 6.5% HP (Crest Professional Whitestrips), 7.5% HP (Day White Excel 3), 9.5% HP (Day White Excel 3), 10% carbamide peroxide (Opalescence), and a control group (untreated). Specimens were treated for 14 days following manufacturers' recommended protocols, and were immersed in artificial saliva between treatments. Enamel surface Knoop microhardness (KHN) was measured immediately before treatment, and at days 1, 7, and 14 of treatment. After treatment, subsurface microhardness was measured at depths of 50-500 microm. Data were analyzed for statistical significance using analysis of variance. RESULTS: Differences in microhardness for treated vs. untreated enamel surface were not statistically significant at any time interval. For 6.5% and 9.5% HP, there was a decrease in surface microhardness values during treatment, but at the end of treatment the microhardness values were not statistically different from the baseline values. For the enamel subsurface values, no differences were observed between treated vs. untreated specimens at each depth. Trayless and tray-based tooth whitening treatments do not significantly affect surface or subsurface enamel microhardness.

Carbamide Peroxide↗
PubMed2004

[Micro-Raman and fluorescence spectra of several agrochemicals].

Raman and fluorescence spectra from several agrochemicals were measured, which are sold for the use in vegetables, fruits and grains. Characteristic vibration Raman peaks from some of the agrochemicals were recorded, hence the spectra can be used for their identification. Other marketed agrochemicals demonstrated strong fluorescence under 514.5 nm excitation. It was found that the fluorescence spectra of the agrochemicals are very different. According to these results one can detect the trace amount of agrochemicals left on the surface of fruits, vegetables and grains in situ and conveniently.

Agrochemicals↗
PubMed2004

Clinical response of three whitening products having different peroxide delivery: comparison of tray, paint-on gel, and dentifrice.

OBJECTIVE: Comparative clinical research was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three peroxide-containing tooth whitening products having different peroxide delivery. METHODOLOGY: A total of 43 healthy adults who met entrance criteria were randomly assigned to either a dual-phase, anticavity, 1% hydrogen peroxide dentifrice with a manganese gluconate activator, an 18% carbamide peroxide paint-on gel, or a 5% carbamide peroxide professional custom tray system. Following manufacturer's instructions, the activated dentifrice was used at least twice daily for two minutes, while the paint-on gel was applied twice daily. The custom tray, a barrier system and the experimental control for this study, was worn continuously for six to eight hours daily. Tooth color (L*a*b*) was measured on the maxillary anterior teeth from standard digital images, while safety was assessed from examination and subject report. RESULTS: At Day 15, the custom tray group had a significant (p < 0.002) reduction in yellowness and increased lightness, with adjusted mean (SE) deltab* of -1.83 (0.210) and deltaL* of 1.45 (0.292). The custom tray group experienced on average greater color improvement compared to either the paint-on gel or activated peroxide whitening dentifrice, differing significantly (p < 0.01) from either of the barrier-free systems with respect to deltab*, deltaL*, deltaE*, and deltaW*. In comparison, 14-days' use of the paint-on gel and activated dentifrice did not result in significant (p > 0.10) color improvements from baseline for deltab*, deltaL*, or deltaW*, with these two barrier-free systems not differing significantly (p > 0.26) with respect to any individual or composite color parameters. Tooth sensitivity and oral irritation were the most common safety findings in the tray and dentifrice groups (there were no adverse events in the paint-on group), and no subject discontinued treatment early because of a treatment-related adverse event. CONCLUSION: In head-to-head 14-day testing, a low concentration (5% carbamide peroxide) barrier-based tray system yielded superior tooth color improvement compared to two barrier-free delivery systems-an 18% carbamide peroxide paint-on gel and a 1% hydrogen peroxide dentifrice with a metal activator.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Form and function in cosmetic dentistry.

The results of the case presented meet the aesthetic requirement of the patient as well as the biomechanical and functional requirements for long-term comfort, function, and stability. If not for the extra time spent with the patient uncovering the relationship between her occlusion and headaches and gaining her confidence by solving that problem first, we never would have had the opportunity to build a relationship that would allow her to proceed confidently with the cosmetic treatment that she described as the "best darn holiday present ever!"

Crowns↗
PubMed2005

Clinical trial comparing 2 hydrogen peroxide tooth whitening systems: strips vs pre-rinse.

A randomized, examiner-blind, parallel-group, clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of a whitening, prebrushing mouthrinse compared with a whitening strip control. Both the pre-rinse (2% hydrogen peroxide) and whitening strips (10% hydrogen peroxide) were used twice daily with normal toothbrushing over a 1-week period. Clinical response (efficacy and safety) was evaluated on day 3 and day 8. Tooth color (L*a*b*) was measured objectively from standardized digital images of the maxillary anterior teeth, while safety was assessed from the clinical examination and participant report. All 28 randomized participants completed the study. Relative to baseline, the whitening strip group experienced significant (P <.001) color improvement at day 3, continuing (P <.001) through day 8. The pre-rinse group did not show any significant (P >.12) change at day 3, and had a significant (P=.033) increase in yellowness at day 8. Adjusted mean +/- standard error treatment differences were -1.75 +/- 0.198 for deltab*, 1.11 +/- 0.212 for deltaL*, and -0.54 +/- 0.131 for deltaa*, with the strip group exhibiting significantly (P <.001) greater whitening at day 8. Both products were well tolerated, with no participants discontinuing treatment early as the result of an adverse event. In head-to-head testing, 7-day use of the 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips resulted in significant tooth color improvement relative to a barrier-free 2% hydrogen peroxide pre-brushing mouthrinse.

Adult↗