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At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Narrow nystagmus writing and hypoxemia of the central vestibular system (author's transl)].

To explain the origin of the narrow nystagmus writing (petite écriture), selected patients with hypoxemia were examined using the pendular rotating test and ENG. Bloodgas analysis was used to determine pO2 reduction. The decreased oxygen saturation was corresponding to the decreased amplitude of nystagmus. In a second experiment with alert rabbits the inspired gas mixture was altered to obtain hypoxia (8% O2 + 92% N2, controlled with bloodgas analysis). A significant reduction from the normal nystagmus reaction was observed. This reduction in the amplitude (about 50%) is immediately reversible by giving oxygen. These experiments were repeated with each animal several times, the results being reproductible. There is a significant decrease in nystagmusamplitude through the influence of hypoxia.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Writing of expertises on whiplash injuries of the cervical spine (author's transl)].

Reflections on the definition of the term "whiplash injury" are followed by comments on the mechanism of accidents. The author emphasizes the importance of the biphasic course of the trauma, involving a mass contraction, triggered by reflex action, of the initially suddenly overstretched muscle groups with their synergist. Reference is made to the ideas developed by Kummer, who considers the neck as an arcuate tendon construction with tractional tension on the dorsal as well as on the ventral side. In the analysis of the injury pattern of the cervical spine, the special forms of intervertebral disc injury are dealt with, the relationship to degenerative lesions prior to the accident and to secondary lesions (spondylosis deformans and osteochondrosis) are discussed in detail, and the consequences for writing medical expertises are mentioned.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1977

A different form of "pure agraphia": syntactic writing errors in a patients with motor speech and movement disorders.

Three patients are described who displayed syntactic writing errors in combination with a motor speech disturbance and impaired motor limb function. Two of the patients had bulbar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Agraphia appeared when verbal communication was no longer possible. Autopsy in one patient disclosed only lesions consistent with ALS. The third patient had palilalia and chorea and although not aphasic, his written language showed persistent syntactic errors. We hypothesize that the agraphia in these patients occurred because of the combination of disordered feedback from the motor speech apparatus and limbs.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Writing all prescriptions by computer.

The information needed for safe prescribing is voluminous, complex and subject to continuous change. The computer makes an ideal instrument on which to store, access, and update general practice prescribing information. By using a desktop computer to check and write all prescriptions, it is possible for the general practitioner to build up a medication data base which has the capacity to record response to treatment and to supply information which can be reported to a remote central drug authority on a regular basis.

Computers↗
PubMed1983

Inadequate medical order writing. A source of confusion and increased costs.

Audits of medication and intravenous fluid orders and of return to the pharmacy of unused intravenous solutions were conducted in 1980 at a university teaching hospital in response to a prevailing impression among pharmacists that physicians' orders were often written in an incomplete, nonstandardized fashion and that intravenous fluid wastage was common. A disturbing number of order were incomplete and judged to be ambiguous. Less than 25% of orders for intravenously given solutions contained adequate instructions for subsequent administration of fluids. Intravenous fluid return amounted to an estimated loss of $137,695 per year in wasted material and labor. The results of the audits were disseminated among the staff. In addition, the pharmacy changed its operations to detect more quickly and correct the problems caused by ambiguous orders. Later studies showed a reduction in the return of unused intravenous fluids and some improvement in order writing. Inadequate and ambiguous orders were still judged to be a problem, however, especially intravenous fluid orders that omitted instructions for subsequent fluid requirements and "open-ended" intravenous fluid orders. Such orders were eight times more likely to be associated with return of unused intravenous fluids than orders with adequate instructions for giving fluids subsequently.

Drug Prescriptions↗
PubMed1983

[Agraphia and preservation of music writing in a bilingual piano teacher].

A bilingual virtuoso piano teacher developed aphasia and amusia, probably due to cerebral embolism. The perfectly demarcated and unique lesion was located in the left posterior temporoparietal region. Language examinations in French and Italian demonstrated entirely comparable difficulties in both languages. The linguistic course was favorable after a period of auditory agnosia and global aphasia. Language became fluent again 3 months after the onset, with a marked vocabulary loss and phonemic paraphasias with attempts at self-correction. Repetition was altered markedly with a deficit in auditory comprehension but no remaining elements of auditory agnosia. Reading was possible, but with some difficulty and total agraphia and acalculia persisted. Musical ability was better conserved, particularly with respect to repetition and above all to writing, the sparing of the latter constituting a fairly uncommon dissociation in relation to agraphia. Findings are discussed in relation to data in the literature concerning hemispheric participation in various musical tasks.

Agraphia↗
PubMed1983

Handwriting posture as related to cerebral speech lateralization, sex, and writing hand.

The claim that handwriting posture can provide clues to the cerebral lateralization of language was investigated in a sample of 131 patients undergoing preoperative intracarotid injections of sodium amobarbital to determine the side of speech representation. More males than females inverted the left hand when writing, but no consistent relationship was found between speech lateralization and handwriting posture. These results suggest that perceptual asymmetries correlated with hand posture vary independently of cerebral dominance for speech.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Physician noncompliance with prescription-writing requirements.

Prescriptions processed in an outpatient pharmacy department (OPD) were audited retrospectively for physician noncompliance with prescription-writing requirements, and the estimated cost in pharmacist and patient time attributable to the errors made was assessed. During a 14-day period, 7858 prescriptions written by 451 physicians and taken to the OPD of a large teaching hospital were examined. When the patient's name, physician's signature, drug quantity, or directions for use were omitted, patients were asked to return the prescription in person for correction. In a follow-up study, the time spent at the clinic for this purpose was recorded for 50 patients. For another sample of 52 prescriptions corrected by a pharmacist's telephone call to the physician, pharmacist time spent was recorded. Errors were found in 1070 prescriptions. The total number of errors was 1130, for a noncompliance rate of 14.38%. The most frequent errors were ordering of nonformulary drugs and erroneous or unspecified dosage strength. There was no difference in noncompliance among physicians with various levels of training. An average of 25 patients per day were asked to return to the clinic for correction of their prescriptions; more than half did not return to the OPD. For the 50 patients whose return visits were monitored, time spent in the clinic area was 15.0 +/- 9.1 minutes. For the 52 prescriptions corrected by telephone calls to physicians, the pharmacist spent 10.3 +/- 11.0 minutes. Under these study conditions, pharmacists spent 16.3 hours per day correcting prescription errors; if asked to return all unfillable prescriptions, patients would have spent 23.7 hours per day. Pharmacy departments might reduce these time expenditures by conducting periodic reviews of prescription errors and apprising physicians of frequent areas of noncompliance.

Drug Prescriptions↗
PubMed1981

Prescription writing in a pediatric clinic.

A prescription monitoring system was established in our pediatric outpatient clinic. The system was used to monitor prescriptions written by members of our pediatric housestaff and faculty. A total of 884 consecutive prescriptions written during a six-week period were reviewed for the presence of the components of a complete prescription as well as certain prescribing errors. Numerous prescription writing errors were identified. Errors were especially common in prescriptions for controlled substances. The number and types of errors raise important questions about the quality of prescriptions written in our clinic and about the cost of these errors in terms of patient, physician, or pharmacist time as well as drug cost and potential therapeutic mishaps.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

ST segment distortions by high-side frequency filtration in direct-writing ECG recorders.

ST segment depression in 12-lead resting and single-lead or multi-lead exercise ECGs is a useful screening criterion for detection of coronary heart disease (CHD). The recommended minimum frequency specification for direct-writing ECG recorders is 0.05-100 Hz (-3 dB). ST segment distortion by unintention low- and high-side frequency filtration could possibly weaken this screening capability. Consequently, one low- and two high-side potential filtration causes of such distortions were investigated in resting and exercise recordings of normal and both J-junction and ST-depressed ECGs. Of 4,914 filtered ST segments, 365 ST category changes were observed. Of these changes, approximately 15% was produced by filtration of the 0.05-0.1 Hz (amplifier function) and 45-100 Hz (60-Hz "noise" filtering) frequency bands. The remaining 85% was attributable to filtration of the 23-45 Hz (stylus overpressure) band. An optional remedy is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Prescription writing in Gondar outpatient teaching hospital, Ethiopia.

A total of 19,119 prescriptions consecutively written between January-July 1992 were collected from Gondar outpatient hospital selling pharmacy and reviewed to determine physician's adherence to the basic principles of prescription order writing. In 36.6%, 16.8% and 12.4% of the prescriptions, respectively, age, sex and chart numbers of patients were not recorded. Twelve percent, 7%, 6.4%, 5.8% and 1.6% of the prescriptions did not indicate routes of drug administration, directions for drug use, frequency of drug administration, drug dose and duration of treatment, respectively. No prescription order had special advice or warnings to the patient and in 10.8% of the cases date was omitted. Out of the dispensed drugs, 82.9% were written in generic names and over 70% were included in the Essential Drug List of Ethiopia. The five most commonly dispensed individual drugs were ampicillin (10.4%), paracetamol (9.5%), TB 450 + isoniazid (7.4%), penicillin G (6.8%) and aspirin (5.8%). As therapeutic classes, antiinfectives were most common (47.8%) of which antibacterials constituted 38.1%, followed by analgesic-antipyretics (17.5%). Most drugs were prescribed by young medical interns and dispensed by less qualified personnel. Our preliminary survey indicates that essential components of a prescription order were omitted to a great extent and suggested to modify the existing undergraduate pharmacotherapeutic teaching in order to promote rational use and prescribing before bad habits get a chance to develop. The type of drugs dispensed at the selling pharmacy could not be beneficial to the patient without competent professional patient counselling, delivery of correct information as well as appropriate prescription monitoring.

Drug Prescriptions↗
PubMed1996

Writing a surgical paper.

A personal view is presented of the steps required to take a surgical paper from the drawing board to a finished manuscript that will be accepted for publication. The process starts with an appropriate choice of material, followed by selection by the most suitable journal and then slavish attention to its Instruction for Authors. The following order is suggested for writing the manuscript: Methods, Results (including tables and figures), Discussion, Introduction, Summary, References and Title Page. The final stage of correcting, improving and shortening the finished manuscript is probably the most important, and additional contributions by co-authors or other colleagues are especially valuable.

General Surgery↗
PubMed1996

Assessment of a knowledge-acquisition tool for writing Medical Logic Modules in the Arden Syntax.

We have created a tool that allows users unfamiliar with the Arden Syntax and our underlying database to create Medical Logic Modules (MLMs). In a study of this tool (N 16), subjects found it easy to use (mean score - 4.69 on a scale of 1-5, 5 being best). Each subject created 3 MLMs of varying complexity following a protocol. On average, subjects required 312, 308 and 318 seconds, respectively, to complete each MLM. Comparison of clinicians to non-clinicians and those with to those without knowledge of Arden showed no significant difference. Of the 48 MLMs, 47 compiled and executed with appropriate output. Independent manual review of the MLM correlated well and found few errors. We conclude that our tool is easily used by inexperienced persons to write MLMs in the Arden Syntax.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1997

[Prescriptions, prescription-writing errors and patient safety].

The aim of the study is to contribute to knowledge about prescribing-writing errors on prescriptions from hospitals. One hundred and seventy prescriptions, prescribed from Copenhagen University Hospital, were evaluated in a project at Copenhagen University Hospital Pharmacy. Prescriptions were collected at two private pharmacies in Copenhagen during a two-week period in October 1995. The prescriptions contained an average of 1.5 errors and only 11% of the prescriptions were faultless. The three most frequent errors of omission were code of department, inadequate identification of the physician and indications of use. It is often difficult to reach the physician at the hospital, but the first step is to ease the identification of physician and ward. This project confirms that indication of use is a frequent error of omission.

Denmark↗
PubMed1997

[Antisemitism in medical-natural science and philosophical writings of Paracelsus].

During the "Third Reich", the famous German medical doctor Paracelsus (1493/94-1541) was often honoured as a forerunner of certain aspects of the "Nazi"-ideology. Especially some invectives against jews in his medical writings were often quoted in this context. But was he really the "racial" antisemite as the Nazis wanted to see him? In the present study the authors demonstrate in detail that Paracelsus, like many christian scholars in the early modern period, indeed was a propagator of a clear-cut antisemitism. But although he often used antisemitic stereotypes, his antisemitism was in no way "racial", and he was not one of the extremely radical antisemites of his time.

Germany↗