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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

16S-23S and 23S-5S intergenic spacer regions of lactobacilli: nucleotide sequence, secondary structure and comparative analysis.

Lactobacilli have been used as industrial starters for a long time, but in several cases their identification was, and still is, neither easy nor reliable. The aim of the present work was to examine whether the intergenic spacer regions could be of value in the identification of Lactobacillus species. For that purpose, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify 16S-23S and 23S-5S spacer regions of Lactobacillus (L.) acidophilus, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. casei, L. helveticus and L. curvatus. The PCR products were directly sequenced, and two forms of ribosomal RNA (rrn) operons were identified in each species studied: one with tandem tRNA(Ile)/tRNA(Ala) genes and the other one without tRNA genes. Our study revealed that the rrn operons of Lactobacillus species studied comprise the genes of 16S, 23S and 5S rRNA, in that order. Only the tRNA genes and the rRNA processing stems are highly conserved in spacer regions of lactobacilli. The divergence between the lactobacilli spacer region sequences arises from insertions and deletions of short sequences. These sequences could be interesting candidates for the development of species-specific probes. Theoretical RNA/RNA secondary structure models of the interaction between the two spacer region sequences were constructed. In conclusion, the two spacer region sequences may prove to be a useful alternative to 16S and 23S rDNA sequencing for designing species-specific probes and for establishing phylogenetic relationships between closely related species such as L. curvatus and L. casei or L. acidophilus and L. helveticus.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1977

[Differentiation of several species of lactobacilli of the subgenus Thermobacterium according to their bacteriocin sensitivity spectra].

The method of retarded antagonism was applied to the study of L. acidophilus (187 cultures), L. salivarius (65 cultures), L. jugurti (16 cultures), L. helveticus (4 cultures) sensitivity to the action of 39 bacteriocines produced by various lactobacilli species. By the sensitivity spectra to bacteriocines L. ècidophilus cultures were divided into 76, L. salivarius--22, L. jugurti--15, and L. helveticus into 2 bacteriocines. By bacteriocine typing it was possible to differentiate into a number of bacteriocine types L. acidophilus and L. salivarius variants with the same biochemical and physiological properties.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibitory activity of glass-ionomer cements on cariogenic bacteria.

This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of the glass-ionomer cements Vitrebond (3M ESPE), Ketac Molar (3M ESPE) and Fuji IX (GC America) against S mutans, S sobrinus, L acidophilus and A viscosus, using the agar diffusion test. Inocula were obtained by the seed of indicators cultures in BHI broth incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. Base layers containing 15 mL of BHI agar and 300 microL of each bacteria suspension were prepared in Petri dishes. Six wells measuring 4 mm in diameter were made in each plate and completely filled with one of the testing materials. A 0.2% chlorhexidine solution applied in round filter papers was used as control. Tests were performed 12 times for each material and bacteria strain. After incubation of the plates at 37 degrees C for 24 hours, the zones of bacterial growth inhibition around the wells were measured. Overall, the results showed the following sequence of antibacterial activity: Vitrebond (despite the activation mode) > 0.2% chlorhexidine > Ketac Molar > Fuji IX, according to Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney statistical tests. This study confirmed significant antibacterial activity for two conventional glass-ionomers and one resin-modified glass-ionomer material. The resin-modified glass-ionomer cement Vitrebond, regardless of the activation mode, presented the best antibacterial activity against S mutans and S sobrinus. The antibacterial activity against A viscosus for Vitrebond was similar to 0.2% chlorhexidine, while light activation reduced its antibacterial activity against L acidophilus.

Actinomyces viscosus↗
PubMed1998

Management of lactose maldigestion by consuming milk containing lactobacilli.

The influence of nonfermented milk containing L. acidophilus or L. bulgaricus on lactose utilization by lactose maldigesters was investigated. Nonfermented milks containing L. acidophilus or L. bulgaricus at 10(8) and 10(9) CFU/ml were prepared using 2% low-fat milk. Lactose maldigestion was monitored by measuring breath hydrogen at hourly intervals for 8 hr following consumption of 400 ml of each diet. Nonfermented milk containing L. acidophilus B at 10(8) CFU/ml were not effective in reducing breath hydrogen and symptoms. Nonfermented milk containing L. acidophilus B at 10(9) CFU/ml only slightly decreased breath hydrogen production; however, the symptoms were significantly improved. Nonfermented milks containing L. bulgaricus 449 at 10(8) and 10(9) CFU/ml were effective in reducing breath hydrogen and symptoms. The results for bulgaricus milk were all significant. In this study, L. acidophilus B and L. bulgaricus 449 were chosen because of their similar beta-galactosidase activity and bile sensitivity. L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus are both thermophilic lactobacilli and an active transport (permease) system is found in both species for lactose transport. The major factor affecting in vivo lactose digestion in this study appears to be the bacterial cell wall/membrane structures. That the cell wall/membrane structures of L. acidophilus are different from those of L. bulgaricus can be indirectly proven by the results of sonication time for maximum beta-galactosidase activity measurement. The results of this study indicate that L. bulgaricus is usually a better choice than L. acidophilus for manufacturing nonfermented milks for lactose maldigesters.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The development of a treatment method for streptococcal tonsillitis in children].

Kept under continuous medical surveillance were 77 children with streptococcal tonsillitis. In all patients, a pathogenic streptococcus (GABHS) was invariably found in culture. Among other common features of the above disease were decline in the tonsil colony resistance state and lowering of those parameters characterizing immunity. A highly efficient means of treating tonsillitis of streptococcal etiology has been elaborated, relying on the use of macrolides and L. acidophilus according to our methods, which can, we believe, come to be widely used in health care practice.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1983

Response of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and lactase deficiency using unfermented acidophilus milk.

Acidophilus milk has been reported to help patients with irritable bowel syndrome by correcting the "imbalance of flora" and to be tolerated better by lactase-deficient subjects by providing bacterial lactase in the small intestine. In a double-blind randomized study, 61 lactase-sufficient patients with irritable bowel syndrome each ingested 240 ml of milk three times a day for 2 wk and the same amount of acidophilus milk for an additional 2 wk. The degree of symptoms during the two milk-drinking periods was the same as during the control periods. Also, 18 lactase-deficient patients ingested unaltered milk for 1 wk and acidophilus milk for 1 additional wk. There was no difference in the degree of tolerance to the two varieties of milk. In summary, patients with irritable bowel syndrome were not helped by the ingestion of acidophilus milk, and lactase-deficient patients were as intolerant to acidophilus milk as to unaltered milk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Acidophilus milk for therapy in gastrointestinal disorders].

A new developed Acidophilus milk has been introduced as therapy in different disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The milk contains acid resistant tribes of L. acidophilus and is fortified with vitamins, its fat content is low. The passage of alive L. acidophilus could be proved. The preparation showed a clear response in patients suffering from intestinal disorders due to an application of antibiotics and in patients with constipations.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of microbicides for efficacy in protecting mice against vaginal challenge with herpes simplex virus type 2, cytotoxicity, antibacterial properties, and sperm immobilization.

BACKGROUND: Currently, a number of different over-the-counter spermicides and potential microbicides under development are in various phases of clinical trials. It is difficult to know how the various formulations would compare with each other or how efficacious they would be because no existing microbicides are commercially available. GOAL: To evaluate, in a standardized manner, various parameters of potential microbicides. STUDY DESIGN: In an effort to make a comprehensive comparison, several potential microbicides and over-the-counter vaginal products were assayed for their efficacy in protecting mice from infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), for their cytotoxicity to human vaginal epithelial cells, for their effect on the growth rate of L acidophilus, and for their spermicidal activity. Test formulations were K-Y Plus, Gynol II, Advantage S, Replens, BufferGel, No Fertil, Carrageenan, and PC-550. Additionally, several formulations were evaluated for their use as a possible placebo in microbicide clinical trials. RESULTS: The formulations tested fell into three categories of efficacy in protecting mice from HSV-2 infection. The most efficacious were Carraguard and PC-550. All the other test formulations except methyl cellulose afforded varying degrees of protection against herpes simplex virus-2 infection. It was found that formulations containing the surfactant N9 had a cytotoxic effect on human vaginal cells, inhibited the growth rate of L acidophilus, and exhibited spermicidal activity. In addition, it was found that Replens, BufferGel, No Fertil, and the Carbopol formulation might have some effect on sperm motility. Also, K-Y Jelly significantly inhibited the growth rate of L acidophilus. CONCLUSION: Evaluating formulations under the same testing conditions can help to distinguish among potential formulations that are likely to show promise as safe and effective microbicides.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Probiotic fermentation: effect on antinutrients and digestibility of starch and protein of indigenously developed food mixture.

An indigenously developed food mixture which contained huskless barley flour, green gram dhal flour, skimmed milk powder and tomato pulp ("BGMT" mixture) was autoclaved, cooled and fermented with L. acidophilus at 37 degrees C for 24 h at a dosage of 100,000 cells/ml. This process markedly reduced the phytic acid and polyphenol content and significantly improved the in vitro digestibility of starch and protein. Starch digestibility almost doubled in the fermented mixture. A significant negative relationship was obtained between the contents of antinutrients and digestibility.

Child↗