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PubMedDate not supplied

Attachment and psychosomatic medicine: developmental contributions to stress and disease.

OBJECTIVE: The object of this study was to evaluate the evidence linking attachment insecurity to illness. Attachment theory describes lifelong patterns of response to threat that are learned in the interaction between an infant and his or her primary caregiver. Despite its biopsychosocial domain, attachment theory has only recently been applied to psychosomatic medicine. METHOD: MEDLINE and PsychInfo databases were searched from 1966 to 2000 for English language papers with key words "attachment" and "object relations." Papers and their cited references were reviewed if they were directly related to physical illness, symptoms, or physiology. A hypothetical causal model was developed. RESULTS: Direct and indirect evidence from survey studies supports an association between attachment insecurity and disease. Animal studies and human experiments suggest that attachment contributes to individual differences in physiological stress response. There is also less robust support for insecure attachment leading to symptom reporting and to more frequent health risk behaviors, especially substance use and treatment nonadherence. Evidence supports the prediction from attachment theory that the benefits of social support derive more from attachment relationships than nonattachment relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Although the available data are suggestive rather than conclusive, the data can be organized into a model that describe attachment insecurity leading to disease risk through three mechanisms. These are increased susceptibility to stress, increased use of external regulators of affect, and altered help-seeking behavior. This model warrants further prospective investigation.

Arousal↗
PubMed2005

[Psychosomatic status of patients with cochleovestibular disorders. Correction methods].

Psychosomatic status was studied in 106 patients aged 18-65 years with acute and chronic cochleovestibular disorders. Hearing problems, noise in the ears and vestibular disorders have a negative psychogenic effect in patients with cochleovestibulopathy. The majority of the patients need psychological and psychopharmacological care to relieve anxiety and form adequate attitude to the disease. Correction of psychosomatic disorders raises efficacy of the treatment of cochleovestibular diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[What does psychotherapy accomplish in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders?].

Psychosomatic disorders are epidemiologically so frequent as often accompanied by psychic (anxiety), vegetative, and psychiatric (depression) symptoms. Efficient psychotherapy of psychosomatic disorders must therefore influence vegetative (peripheric) and central arousal as well as deficient coping strategies. The latter trigger pathologic psychosomatic reaction patterns in (mostly) specific distressfull situations. Psychotherapy of psychosomatic disorders effects: Relaxation of the overactivated and stimulation of the desactivated, a shift of the patient's exclusively somatic attribution of the disease to a psychosomatic one, more efficient coping strategies, a break-up of the pattern "conflict - emotion - vegetative irritation - physiologic reaction".

Arousal↗