SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Validity”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources

PubMed2005

Incremental validity of a measure of emotional intelligence.

After the Schutte Self-Report Inventory of Emotional Intelligence (SSRI; Schutte et al., 1998) was found to predict college grade point average, subsequent emotional intelligence (EI)-college adjustment research has used inconsistent measures and widely varying criteria, resulting in confusion about the construct's predictive validity. In this study, we assessed the SSRI's incremental validity for a wide range of adjustment criteria, pitting it against a competing trait measure, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; Costa & McCrae, 1992), and tests of fluid and crystallized intelligence. At a broad bandwidth, the SSRI total score significantly and uniquely predicted variance beyond NEO-FFI domain scores in the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Revised (Russell, Peplau, & Cutrono, 1980) scores. Higher fidelity analyses using previously identified SSRI factors and NEO-FFI item clusters revealed that the SSRI's Optimism/Mood Regulation and Emotion Appraisal factors contributed unique variance to self-reported study habits and social stress, respectively. The potential moderation of incremental validity by gender did not reach significance due to loss of power from splitting the sample, and mediational analyses revealed the SSRI Optimism/Mood Regulation factor was both directly and indirectly related to various criteria. We discuss the small magnitude of incremental validity coefficients and the differential incremental validity of SSRI factor and total scores.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Comparison and cross-validation of simple and multiple logistic regression models to predict USMLE step 1 performance.

BACKGROUND: Early identification of students who may have difficulty with the United States Medical Licensing Examination-Step 1 examination is important for medical schools and students. Numerous models that predict Step 1 performance have been identified, but few of these models have been cross-validated. PURPOSE: To cross-validate different prediction models of Step 1 performance. METHODS: The development sample was 686 students from a Midwestern medical school. The cross-validation sample was 147 different students. Logistic regression was used to develop the multiple model and Year 1 grade point average (GPA) and Year 2 Fall GPA were used as the simple models. Receiver Operating Characteristic graphs were used to select optimal cutoffs for each model. Kappa coefficients were used to determine level of agreement, and sensitivity and specificity were used to assess classification accuracy. RESULTS: The Year 1 GPA model had relatively poor agreement with actual Step 1 performance, but the other models evidenced fair agreement. The multiple and Year 1 GPA models demonstrated statistically significant loss of classification accuracy on cross-validation, whereas the Year 2 Fall GPA model did not. CONCLUSIONS: Cross-validation is necessary to determine the generalizability and overall utility of prediction models.

Education, Medical↗

PubMed2006

Validity and reliability of the AD8 informant interview in dementia.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the validity, reliability, and discriminative properties of the AD8, a brief informant interview to detect dementia, in a clinic sample. METHODS: We evaluated 255 patient-informant dyads. We compared the number of endorsed AD8 items with an independently derived Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and with performance on neuropsychological tests. Construct and concurrent validity, test-retest, interrater and intermodal reliability, and internal consistency of the AD8 were determined. Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to assess the discriminative properties of the AD8. RESULTS: Concurrent validity was strong with AD8 scores correlating with the CDR (r = 0.75, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.88). Construct validity testing showed strong correlation between AD8 scores, CDR domains, and performance on neuropsychological tests. The Cronbach alpha of the AD8 was 0.84 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.87), suggesting excellent internal consistency. The AD8 demonstrated good intrarater reliability and stability (weighted kappa = 0.67, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.75). Both in-person and phone administration showed equal reliability (weighted kappa = 0.65, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.73). Interrater reliability was very good (Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.80, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.92). The area under the curve was 0.92 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.95), suggesting excellent discrimination between nondemented individuals and those with cognitive impairment regardless of etiology. CONCLUSION: The AD8 is a brief, sensitive measure that validly and reliably differentiates between nondemented and demented individuals. It can be used as a general screening device to detect cognitive change regardless of etiology and with different types of informants.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Validation of the bispectral index monitor during conscious and deep sedation in children.

UNLABELLED: In this study, we tested the validity of the bispectral index (BIS) monitor during conscious and deep sedation of children by comparing it with the University of Michigan Sedation Scale (UMSS), a validated observational pediatric sedation scale. Eighty-six children <12 yr of age were enrolled in this observational study. The subjects underwent conscious or deep sedation administered by non-anesthesiologists for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures in four departments in a children's hospital. Sedation medications varied among departments and were not controlled by the study protocol. An independent observer derived a UMSS score at 10-min intervals for 1 h during sedation; personnel administering sedation medications and performing the procedures were blinded to the BIS and UMSS scores. Significant correlation between BIS scores and UMSS scores was found (r = -0.704, P < 0.0001), including in subjects <6 mo of age (n = 6) (r = -0.761, P < 0.001). Poor correlation was found when ketamine or an oral combination of chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine, and meperidine were used for sedation. We conclude that BIS correlates well with UMSS scores and may be a valid measure of conscious and deep sedation in children. IMPLICATIONS: We compared bispectral index scores with a validated observational scale of conscious and deep sedation in children and found significant correlation. We conclude that the bispectral index may be a valid measurement of depth of sedation in children.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2003

International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity.

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is a global concern, but diverse physical activity measures in use prevent international comparisons. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed as an instrument for cross-national monitoring of physical activity and inactivity. METHODS: Between 1997 and 1998, an International Consensus Group developed four long and four short forms of the IPAQ instruments (administered by telephone interview or self-administration, with two alternate reference periods, either the "last 7 d" or a "usual week" of recalled physical activity). During 2000, 14 centers from 12 countries collected reliability and/or validity data on at least two of the eight IPAQ instruments. Test-retest repeatability was assessed within the same week. Concurrent (inter-method) validity was assessed at the same administration, and criterion IPAQ validity was assessed against the CSA (now MTI) accelerometer. Spearman's correlation coefficients are reported, based on the total reported physical activity. RESULTS: Overall, the IPAQ questionnaires produced repeatable data (Spearman's rho clustered around 0.8), with comparable data from short and long forms. Criterion validity had a median rho of about 0.30, which was comparable to most other self-report validation studies. The "usual week" and "last 7 d" reference periods performed similarly, and the reliability of telephone administration was similar to the self-administered mode. CONCLUSIONS: The IPAQ instruments have acceptable measurement properties, at least as good as other established self-reports. Considering the diverse samples in this study, IPAQ has reasonable measurement properties for monitoring population levels of physical activity among 18- to 65-yr-old adults in diverse settings. The short IPAQ form "last 7 d recall" is recommended for national monitoring and the long form for research requiring more detailed assessment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Validity and reliability of the Fels physical activity questionnaire for children.

PURPOSE: The aim was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Fels physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) for children 7-19 yr of age. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 girls and 99 boys in elementary (N=70), middle (N=81), and high (N=78) schools in rural Maryland. Weight and height were measured on the initial school visit. All the children then wore an Actiwatch accelerometer for 6 d. The Fels PAQ for children was given on two separate occasions to evaluate reliability and was compared with accelerometry data to evaluate validity. RESULTS: The reliability of the Fels PAQ for the girls, boys, and the elementary, middle, and high school age groups range was r=0.48-0.76. For the elementary school children, the correlation coefficient examining validity between the Fels PAQ total score and Actiwatch (counts per minute) was 0.34 (P=0.004). The correlation coefficients were lower in middle school (r=0.11, P=0.31) and high school (r=0.21, P=0.006) adolescents. The sport index of the Fels PAQ for children had the highest validity in the high school participants (r=0.34, P=0.002). CONCLUSION: The Fels PAQ for children is moderately reliable for all age groups of children. Validity of the Fels PAQ for children is acceptable for elementary and high school students when the total activity score or the sport index is used. The sport index was similar to the total score for elementary students but was a better measure of physical activity among high school students.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Validation and calibration of the Actical accelerometer in preschool children.

PURPOSE: Decreased physical activity (PA) is likely a contributor to the rising prevalence of obesity in children. Lack of valid and acceptable measures of PA has been an issue in studies involving young children. The Actical accelerometer is a promising tool for measurement of PA in young children. The purpose of this study was to calibrate and validate the Actical accelerometer for use with 3- to 5-yr-old children. METHODS: Eighteen preschool children wore an Actical accelerometer and a Cosmed portable metabolic system during a period of rest, while performing three structured activities in a laboratory setting (used for calibration), and during 20 min each of unstructured indoor and outdoor activities at their preschool (used for cross-validation). Expired respiratory gases were collected, and oxygen consumption was measured on a breath-by-breath basis. Accelerometer data were collected in 15-s intervals. RESULTS: For the accelerometer calibration, the correlation between VO2 and counts was r = 0.89 across all activities. The calibration equation established was VO2 = counts x 15 s(-1) (0.01437) + 9.73 (R2 = 0.96, SEE = 3.02). The cut-point for moderate activity (20 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was 715 counts x 15 s(-1) (sensitivity 97.2%, specificity 91.7%), and the cut-point for vigorous activity (30 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was 1411 counts x 15 s(-1) (sensitivity 98.2%, specificity 61.1%). For the cross-validation, the intraclass correlation coefficient was R = 0.59 and the Spearman correlation coefficient was R = 0.80 (P < 0.001) between measured and predicted VO2. Percentage of agreement, kappa, and modified kappa for moderate activity were 0.73, 0.40, and 0.46, respectively. For vigorous activity, the same measures were 0.85, 0.26, and 0.71, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Actical accelerometer is a valid tool for measuring PA in young children.

Acceleration↗

PubMed2006

Validity of PCERT and OMNI walk/run ratings of perceived exertion.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to test the validity of the Pictorial Children's Effort Rating Table (PCERT) and OMNI walk/run scales. METHODS: Children (26 boys age 11.2 yr +/- 1.6 and 25 girls age 11.1 yr +/- 1.4) performed a five-stage incremental exertion treadmill test. The undifferentiated perceived exertion from the PCERT and OMNI scales was assessed for construct validity using Pearson correlations with VO(2) and heart rate as criteria and concurrent validity by correlating PCERT and OMNI scores. RESULTS: Increases in PCERT and OMNI scale scores were correlated with increases in VO(2) (r = 0.90 and 0.92) and heart rate (r = 0.89 and 0.92). No difference was found in slope of the PCERT and OMNI scores when regressed against heart rate or VO(2) and the slopes were invariant across sexes. To test concurrent validity of the PCERT and OMNI scales, subject scores at each stage were converted to a percentage of the maximal scale. No effect of sex was noted on perceived exertion (P = 0.32), and the percentage of the maximal PCERT and OMNI scales was almost identical at each stage (P = 0.73). CONCLUSIONS: Validity of both the PCERT and OMNI scales was established for submaximal exercise. PCERT and OMNI scores are not interchangeable because they have different scales, but at a given exercise intensity youth assign similar percentages of the maximal scores.

Child↗

PubMed2004

Cross-cultural validation of the Japanese Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia (FACT-An).

BACKGROUND: The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia (FACT-An) questionnaire, which consists of a core questionnaire named the General Measure of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-G) and the Anemia additional concerns subscale, was developed in an English-speaking culture. The validation of the Japanese FACT-G was reported previously (Fumimoto et al., 2001), and, in this report, a cross-cultural validation for the subscale was performed. METHODS: The Japanese version was developed through an iterative forward-backward translation sequence used throughout the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) Multilingual Translation Project. In evaluating psychometric performance, its construct validity was investigated by exploratory factor-analyses, and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS: The FACT-An was given to 180 patients with lung cancer. Using the 20 items of the Anemia subscale, a factor analysis extracted four factors of fatigue, chest condition, activities and headache. When analyzed as two extracted factors, fatigue, chest condition and headache were combined to be a major factor, although the minor factor of activities still remained. Thirteen of the 20 items construct the Fatigue additional concerns subscale. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the Fatigue subscale (0.93) and the Anemia subscale (0.88) confirmed that, although these subscales had items that focus on different aspects of anemia or fatigue, each subscale was unidimensional. Clinical validity was indicated by moderate values of Spearman's correlation coefficients between Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status rating (ECOG PSR) and the Anemia subscale (-0.50) or the Fatigue subscale (-0.48). CONCLUSION: Both the Fatigue subscale and the Anemia subscale are valid in Japan, indicating that FACT-An is an instrument that is applicable across cultures and particularly with a Japanese cancer population.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Reliability and validity of DESIGN, a tool that classifies pressure ulcer severity and monitors healing.

OBJECTIVE: This study reviews the validity and reliability of DESIGN, a tool for classifying pressure ulcer severity and monitoring progression towards healing. Only the tool's healing progression component was evaluated. METHOD: Inter-rater reliability was evaluated by calculating the agreement rate of scores, based on eight photos of pressure ulcers and six actual ulcers, made by a panel of seven nurses. Validity was assessed, using the same eight photos, by comparing DESIGN scores with those made using the validated Pressure Sore Status Tool (PSST). RESULTS: The DESIGN inter-rater reliability results showed a high correlation of r = 0.98 for the photos and r = 0.91 for the real-life patients with pressure ulcers, respectively, for all seven raters based on total scores. For validity, a correlation greater than 0.91 was found between the DESIGN and PSST scores. CONCLUSION: Based on our results, DESIGN was found to have both high inter-rater reliability and high validity among the seven nurses who quantitatively evaluated the wound-healing progress of the pressure ulcers in this study.

Humans↗

PubMed2004

Validation of four clinical indicators of preventable drug-related morbidity.

BACKGROUND: Clinical indicators are tools that assess quality issues related to the use of medicines. At this time, validated clinical indicators for preventable drug-related morbidity (PDRM) are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity and reliability of using population administrative claims data to identify the extent of PDRM in older adults in Canada. METHODS: Four indicators of PDRM related to cerebrovascular and cardiovascular care were chosen for validation. A random sample of cases that represented the indicators and fit the criteria (hits) for PDRM from the retrospective operationalization of the study database and those that did not fit the criteria (near hits) were selected for chart review. One-page abstracts of the cases were prepared for review by a panel of 5 clinical pharmacists. Validity was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value. Reliability was assessed using reviewers' agreement scores (kappa statistics). RESULTS: Overall, 119 case abstracts were reviewed by each panelist. The sensitivity ranged from 33% to 100% and the specificity from 51% to 71%. Predictive values ranged from 5.3% to 43% (positive) and 90% to 100% (negative). The overall kappa statistic was fair (0.21). CONCLUSIONS: The validity of the 4 assessed PDRM indicators varied. The reliability was fair; however, these indicators may be useful to screen older adults for PDRM.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Psychometric validation of the State Scale of Dissociation (SSD).

Although dissociative phenomena are often transient features of mental states, existing measures of dissociation are designed to measure enduring traits. A new present-state self-report measure, sensitive to changes in dissociative states, was therefore developed and psychometrically validated. Fifty-six items were formulated to measure state features, and sorted according to seven subscales: derealization, depersonalization, identity confusion, identity alteration, conversion, amnesia and hypermnesia. The State Scale of Dissociation (SSD) was administered with other psychiatric scales (DES, BDI, BAI, SCI-PANSS) to 130 participants with DSM-IV major depressive disorder schizophrenia, alcohol withdrawal, dissociative disorders and controls. In these sample populations, the SSD was demonstrated as a valid and reliable measure of changes in and the severity of dissociative states. Discriminant validity, content, concurrent, predictive, internal criterion-related, internal construct and convergent validities, and internal consistency and split-half reliability were confirmed statistically. Clinical observations of dissociative states, and their comorbidity with symptoms of depression and psychotic illness, were confirmed empirically. The SSD, an acceptable, valid and reliable scale measuring state features of dissociation at the time of completion, was obtained. This is a prerequisite for further investigation of correlations between changes in dissociative states and concurrent physiological parameters.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Behaviorally referenced experimentation and symptom validation: a paradigm for 21st-century personality disorder research.

Construct validity problems in contemporary personality disorder (PD) symptoms and diagnoses include poor interrater reliability, high comorbidity, limited discriminant validity, and inadequate criterion validity. These problems are due in part to a limited range of outcome measures and research methods utilized by PD investigators: The vast majority of PD studies use correlational methods to assess relationships among questionnaire- and interview-based self-reports. To strengthen the PD database, researchers must: (1) emphasize behaviorally referenced criterion validation of PD symptoms; and (2) explore PD dynamics using manipulations that alter PD-related psychological processes and produce measurable changes in behavior. Frameworks for conducting behaviorally referenced PD symptom validation studies and experiments are outlined. The advantages of a behaviorally referenced experimental approach to PD research are described, along with possible objections to this approach.

Comorbidity↗

PubMed2005

[Evaluation of quality of life in anal incontinence: validation of the questionnaire FIQL (Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life)].

BACKGROUND: Anal incontinence causes physical and psychological incapacity, determining impact on quality of life. However, there are no specific tools to quantify this impact in our population. AIM: The evaluation of quality of life in anal incontinence, through validation of the FIQL ("Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale"). FIQL is a questionnaire composed of 29 questions, grouped into four domains: lifestyle, behavior, depression and embarrassment. For each question, the scale ranges from 1 to 4, except questions 1 and 4, which ranges from 1-5 and 1-6, respectively. MATERIAL AND METHOD: FIQL scale underwent both translation and cultural adaptation processes, giving rise to a final Portuguese version. This version was then used in a validation study to test measurement properties (reproducibility and validity). The reproducibility was tested through application of FIQL questionnaire by two observers in 50 patients with anal incontinence. After a period of 7 to 10 days, the questionnaire was applied again by one of the observers. The constructive validity was assessed by correlating the FIQL questionnaire results with both, a generic questionnaire for quality of life (SF-36) and the Jorge-Wexner incontinence score results. The discriminative validity was evaluated comparing the results of the FIQL to incontinence group with two other groups: healthy volunteers and patient with chronic idiopathic constipation. RESULTS: The correlation among results domains of FIQL questionnaire and results of short form-36 and the incontinence score were statistically significant. The quality of life is impaired in all of domains of FIQL for incontinent patients: lifestyle: 2.4 behaviour: 2.0, depression: 2.5 and embarrassment: 1.9, when compared to healthy volunteers (3.9, 3.9, 4.1 and 4.0), and patients with chronic constipation (3.7, 3.8, 3.6 and 3.8), respectively. CONCLUSION: The FIQL questionnaire is effective and reproducible in its measuring properties, and it can be useful as an instrument to assess quality of life in anal incontinence in our population.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

[Validation of the "International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire -- Short Form" (ICIQ-SF) for Portuguese].

OBJECTIVE: To translate into and validate for Portuguese the "International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire -- Short Form" (ICIQ-SF), a condition-specific quality-of-life questionnaire for patients with urinary incontinence. METHODS: Two Brazilians independently translated the original ICIQ-SF into Portuguese. These two translations were harmonized, and then checked by independent back-translation by two native English speakers. The harmonized translation was pre-tested in a pilot study on 20 patients. The final version of the ICIQ-SF in Portuguese was applied to 123 consecutive patients aged 16 or over (29 males and 94 females) with a complaint of urinary incontinence, who had sought the Department of Urogynecology and Uroneurology of the School of Medical Sciences of Unicamp. The Portuguese version of the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) was also applied to the same group. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire, such as reliability and construct validity were assessed. RESULTS: The median age was 53 years (range: 16 to 86). The mean retest interval for the ICIQ-SF was 14.37 days (range: 6 to 41). No changes from the original format of the ICIQ-SF were observed at the end of the process of translation and cultural adaptation. The internal consistency was high (0.88), as measured by the Cronbach alpha coefficient. The test-retest value was considered moderate to strong, as measured by the weighted Kappa index (range: 0.72 to 0.75) and Pearson correlation coefficient (0.89). The correlation between the ICIQ-SF and KHQ was considered to be moderate to good for most items (range: 0.44 to 0.77). The evaluation of the construct and concurrent validity was also satisfactory and statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The "International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire" (ICIQ-SF) was successfully translated into Portuguese and validated for application to Brazilian female and male patients complaining of urinary incontinence, with satisfactory reliability and construct validity.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Validating the Simpson-Angus Extrapyramidal Collateral Symptom Evaluation Scale].

OBJECTIVES: The study was aimed at validating the Simpson-Angus scale for neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal syndrome in Colombia, using a Spanish version of the scale. METHODS: The scale was validated in four steps: translating the scale, pilot study, preliminary use for factorial analysis and analysis of validity, reliability and sensitivity to change. RESULTS: Factorial structure and internal consistency were evaluated in 86 psychiatric inpatients. Test-retest and inter-rater reliability were evaluated in a 15-patient subgroup. Concurrent validity was analysed by simultaneously applying Simpson-Angus and Chouinard scales. Sensitivity to change was evaluated by comparing the scores of two different clinical points in a 20-patient subgroup. Main factor analysis revealed that the scale has a one-dimensional structure; the Glabella tap did not contribute towards total variability of the condition measured for the scale. Test-retest and inter-rater reliability values, concurrent validity and sensitivity to change were good. Correlation estimation scores were above 0.8 and accuracy levels were also good. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the SA scale, adapted for this study, is suitable for assessing neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal syndrome; it would be a useful instrument in both clinical practice and research settings in Colombia. However, an important limitation could be its lack of detecting any domain different to that of rigidity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Development and validation of the pediatric nausea assessment tool for use in children receiving antineoplastic agents.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an instrument to assess nausea intensity in children aged 4-18 years. DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive study. SETTING: Tertiary-quaternary, university-affiliated pediatric hospital. PATIENTS: Four pediatric inpatient groups (177 patients): group 1 (107), those receiving cancer chemotherapy; group 2 (24), those receiving cancer chemotherapy before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; group 3 (23), those with cancer who were not receiving cancer chemotherapy; and group 4 (23), those without cancer. INTERVENTION: We developed a scale with a standard script for administration, the Pediatric Nausea Assessment Tool (PeNAT). Revisions were made after face validity testing with clinicians and parents, and pilot testing with 15 inpatients undergoing chemotherapy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The PeNAT scores were obtained 4-24 hours after chemotherapy in groups 1 and 2. Dietary intake scores and number of emetic episodes were recorded for the 4 hours before PeNAT administration for all patients in group 2 and 36 patients in group 1. Parents of a subset of patients made an independent assessment of their child's nausea and pain intensities immediately before PeNAT administration. Reliability was evaluated in groups 1 and 2 by correlating the first and second (obtained 1 hr after the first) PeNAT scores. Construct validity was evaluated by comparing PeNAT scores in groups 1-4. Criterion-related validity was evaluated by correlating PeNAT scores with emetic episodes and dietary intake. Convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated by correlating PeNAT scores with parental assessments of nausea and pain. Significant differences in PeNAT scores were noted among the study groups (p=0.035). Moderate correlation was noted between the first and second PeNAT scores (Spearman rho = 0.649). The PeNAT scores correlated modestly with emetic episodes (Spearman rho = 0.322) but not with dietary intake (Spearman rho = -0.217). Children's PeNAT scores correlated moderately with their parents' assessment of nausea (Spearman rho = 0.442), whereas little correlation was seen between children's PeNAT scores and parents' assessment of pain (Spearman rho = 0.167). CONCLUSION: The PeNAT is a new instrument that can be used by children to assess nausea intensity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Validity testing of the Long-Term Medication Behavior Self-Efficacy Scale.

Self-efficacy is an important determinant of health behavior that can be targeted for intervention. Little effort has been given to the development of valid measures for self-efficacy with medication taking for adherence research. The purpose of this study was to determine the criterion validity of the Long-Term Medication Behavior Self-Efficacy Scale (LTMBSES). Individual patient data from 6 existing adherence studies in transplant, hyperlipidemia, and AIDS/HIV patients (n = 1021) were pooled. Validity was determined by assessing the relation between the LTMBSES score and medication adherence--both self-reported and electronically monitored. A weak relationship was found between the LTMBSES score and adherence, which can possibly be attributed to a ceiling effect, caused by a too homogeneous population and/or a failure of the scale to challenge patients. Generalized Estimating Equations revealed that the total average self-efficacy score predicted reported medication adherence (p < .0001). The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve revealed the area under the curve was 0.67, indicating a significant (p < .0001), but poor predictive capability. Evidence for criterion validity of the Long-Term Medication Behavior Self-Efficacy Scale is not yet convincing. Future research should focus on: (1) validation in a population with a more heterogenous level of adherence, and (2) making the scale more challenging by referring to "always taking the medication without exception."

Adolescent↗