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PubMed1990

Group treatment of exiled survivors of torture.

A model for time-limited group treatment of exiled survivors of torture is presented and the importance of placing such traumatic experiences in a sociopolitical context is emphasized. The model is illustrated by descriptions of work with a group made up of Central and South American refugees. Therapeutic techniques are proposed that focus on symptoms of torture-related post-traumatic stress disorder, allowing group members to attain gradual psychological reorganization.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1998

A longitudinal study of the relations between parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent psychological well-being.

In this longitudinal study, the relationships between parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent psychological well-being were examined in a sample of Chinese adolescents (N = 378) via children's and parents' reports of parent-adolescent conflict. The results indicate that parent-adolescent conflict based on ratings obtained from the different sources was concurrently related to hopelessness, life satisfaction, self-esteem, purpose in life, and general psychiatric morbidity at Time 1 and Time 2. Longitudinal and prospective analyses (Time 1 predictors of Time 2 criterion variables) suggest that the relations between parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent psychological well-being are bidirectional. Although the strengths of association between parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent psychological well-being were similar for male and female adolescents, father-adolescent conflict, relative to mother-adolescent conflict, was found to exert a stronger influence on adolescent psychological well-being.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2005

Returning to play: the mind does matter.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article was to provide a brief historical perspective of the psychological factors that affect the potential for athletic injury, the psychological variables that affect recovery from injury, and the increasing pressure athletes face to return to play as soon as possible following an injury. DATA SOURCES/METHODS: A literature search was conducted using SportDiscus with keywords athlete, injury, sport psychology, and return to play. Further support for the literature cited and conclusions comes from more than 16 years of collegial consultations and direct clinical experience with multiple collegiate, Olympic, and professional sport organizations. RESULTS: Although the primary body of research regarding the psychological factors affecting sport injury and return to play is found in studies conducted in the 1980s, more recent research continues to support many of the original findings. Additionally, the applied experience of a full-time licensed and practicing sport psychologist is consistent with the early and subsequent research. CONCLUSIONS: Research, supported by applied experience, has resulted in the development of a set of causative psychological factors that increase the likelihood of sport injury, increase the potential recovery time from injury, and have thus far stood the test of time. One factor, however, that has changed over the years is the increasing pressure that elite athletes experience in returning to play much more quickly following an injury. Awareness of this increasing pressure is an important consideration for health care providers and sport organizations to ensure that athletes return medically and psychologically ready to play.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2001

Dimensionality of psychosocial responses to marital disruption.

The purpose of the study was to assess whether psychosocial responses to marital disruption were best arranged along one single dimension ranging from maximum positive to maximum negative responses, or whether positive and negative responses constituted two separate and distinct dimensions. Participants were 658 recently divorced individuals. A confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a two-factor model provided a better fit to the data than a one-factor model. Moreover, a number of external variables differentiated between positive and negative responses, indicating that such responses reflect two separate domains. Thus, the findings support the notion that psychosocial responses after marital disruption comprise a bidimensional rather than a unidimensional pattern. The findings are discussed within the general framework of positive-negative asymmetry and the idea that positive and negative evaluations belong to different psychological system.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1979

Personal mythology as a paradigm for a holistic public psychology.

Viewing personal myths as cognitive structures, this paper examines the existing literature on cultural mythology, considers its relationship to personal mythology, and proposes an understanding of personal myths as a means of enhancing individuals' control over their lives. Its applicability to therapeutic counseling and its role in a holistic public psychology are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1982

Nuclear war in human perspective: a survivor's report.

A first-hand account of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, as it was experienced by a 13-year-old girl, is presented. The experience is considered in terms of the physical, social, and psychological consequences--and the interaction among them--for the survivors. The role of the survivors in the move to abolish nuclear weapons, and the significance of that role in their own psychological recovery, is emphasized.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2006

We listen but do we hear? The importance of patient stories.

Patients' perspectives on their illness and care are increasingly recognized as the focus for the organization of health care, yet patient stories are rarely examined on their own. Mostly, they are dissected for data, and so the impact is lost. This article presents a number of story tellers, all patients with leg wounds attending a social clinic. Reading their stories helps us understand the experience of being a patient and living with difficult and painful leg wounds. They also show how nurses can play a critical role in optimizing the power of the story in the patient's journey towards physical and psychological healing.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2002

Made of stone: a view of Parkinson 'off' periods.

Parkinson's disease is a neurological condition, managed symptomatically by medications aimed at the underlying dopaminergic deficit. After several years of treatment, some sufferers experience marked fluctuations in symptom control, including akinetic or 'off' periods. A sample of 15 Parkinson disease sufferers who experienced off periods participated in a small-scale study examining their experience and the coping strategies used. There was a trend for those experiencing significant levels of distress to make more frequent use of 'attempted activity' coping strategies, responses that may inadvertently exacerbate distress. Clinical implications for adjuvant psychological techniques are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Specificity and substitution in the social networks of the elderly.

A set of hypotheses is developed with regard to the way that life cycle, cultural, and structural factors serve to delimit and specify the psychological desires satisfied through interaction with the various categories of others in an elderly person's social network. A second set of hypotheses focuses upon the extent to which the absence of the social category of persons most relevant for the satisfaction of a particular desire can be compensated for by persons from another category. Data are presented which largely support both sets of hypotheses. The findings point to the importance of diversity in the social networks of the aged. Although some substitution of relationships may take place, in the present study no one type of relationship, whether with a spouse, adult children, siblings, confident friends, or organizational acquaintances, was able to satisfy all three of the psychological desires considered.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1996

Dimensionality of a scale of adjustment to unemployment.

Many of today's unemployed are middle managers or midcareer professionals who lost their jobs through no fault of their own. This study examined psychological effects of unemployment on 178 professionals using an adaptation of Kaufman's adjustment to unemployment scale. Analysis indicated two factors, negative affect (which includes anxiety, burden, irritation, resentment, and anomie; alpha = .69) and general affect (self-esteem, depression, and life satisfaction; alpha = .73). Implications for the study of unemployed professionals are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1999

Parenting characteristics and adolescent psychological well-being: a longitudinal study in a Chinese context.

In this longitudinal study, the relationships between perceived parenting characteristics and adolescent psychological well-being were examined in a sample of Hong Kong Chinese adolescents (N = 378). The results indicated that global parenting styles and specific parenting behaviors are concurrently related to hopelessness, life satisfaction, self-esteem, purpose in life, and general psychiatric morbidity at Time 1 and Time 2. Longitudinal and prospective analyses (Time 1 predictors of Time 2 criterion variables) suggested that the relations between parenting characteristics and adolescent psychological well-being are bidirectional in nature. The results indicated that the strengths of association between perceived parenting characteristics and adolescent psychological well-being are stronger in female than in male adolescents. Relative to maternal parenting characteristics, paternal parenting was found to exert a stronger influence on adolescent psychological well-being.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2003

Religiosity and psychological well-being of older women in Hong Kong.

The purpose of this study was to examine the religious belief of the elderly women in Hong Kong and how their life satisfaction and depressive symptoms were related to various dimensions of religiosity. Data based on a community sample of older women (N = 180, mean age = 74.2 years) indicated that majority of them (56.7%) reported beliefs in folk religion and ancestor worship. The Catholics and Buddhists appeared to enjoy a better mental health status than did the Protestants, which seemed to be mediated by better family supports and physical health condition. Objective measure of attendance at religious activities was not related to psychological well-being. In contrast, subjective feelings that religious faith was a source of strength and comfort, and that it would help in times of difficulty were significantly associated with psychological well-being.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1991

Families of young children with handicaps: parental stress and family functioning.

The association of the presence of a child with handicaps and parental stress and family dysfunctioning was examined. Fifty-five families with young children with handicaps were compared with a matched group of families of children without handicaps on the variables of parental stress and family functioning. Results of family psychological measures suggest that families may be resilient in adapting to the demands of raising a child with handicaps. Although families of such children appeared to have high degrees of stress, they differed only minimally from other families in their family functioning. These results reinforce the need for family intervention to alleviate parental stress and for individualized programs emphasizing family strengths and idiosyncratic attributes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1991

Pediatric house staff's psychological response to call duty.

Psychological responses to the stress of call duty for first- and second-year pediatric house officers were assessed using reliable and well-validated measures administered to 34 house officers who were on call, compared with 27 house officers who were not on call. Negative mood increased from the pre- to post-24-hour period for house staff on call and decreased for house staff off call, yielding a significant interaction. State anxiety was significantly elevated for house officers who were on call. Perceived stress was comparable in the two groups. Hours of sleep obtained when on call were related to negative mood, anxiety and perceived stress, postcall. House officers' mood and anxiety levels were affected by the demands of call duty. Our findings are consistent with anecdotal reports of the effects of call and, to our knowledge, provide the first objective evidence of the effects of call on psychological state.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1977

[Consistency and variability of intellectual and psychomotor abilities in aged people (author's transl)].

Several methods of statistical analyses, featuring as well group specific changes and intra-individual changes, in an investigation of intelligence, psychomotor abilities of 121 aged men and women over a period of 7 years, lead to results that there are many different aspects of consistancy and change. An attempt is made to discuss these results in the framework of differential and developmental psychological aspects.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1990

[Enterostomy: preparation, construction and after care over time].

During the last decade the industry has developed material to improve the quality of life of patients with an enterostomy. Patients are better informed and prepared before operation. Postoperative advising by professional nurses help the patient to maintain an odorless, leak-proof and continent stoma. Most of the patients today with enterostomies are able to have a socially integrated life with minimal psychological and physical handicaps.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1989

Psychologic preparation for cardiac catheterization.

Cardiac catheterization is an invasive medical procedure that is anxiety arousing for most patients. Four psychologic preparatory strategies designed to reduce anxiety and enhance adaptation were compared with an attention placebo control intervention. Sixty adult patients scheduled for cardiac catheterization were randomly assigned to one of five groups: sensory-procedural information, modeling, cognitive-behavioral coping skills, modeling plus coping skills, or attention placebo control. Subjects' reactions to cardiac catheterization were assessed by using self-report, behavioral, and physiologic measures. Results indicated that subjects in the modeling and modeling plus coping skills groups were rated as less anxious and better adjusted during the catheterization than control subjects. Compared with controls, subjects in the two modeling groups also reported less subjective anxiety and greater perceived coping ability during the catheterization. All subjects who received a preparatory treatment demonstrated lower levels of autonomic arousal both during and after the test than did control subjects. The results support the efficacy of preparatory strategies that include a patient model.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1987

Personality, coping style, emotion and cancer: towards an integrative model.

What this paper attempts, which may be different than previous reviews of the literature regarding the role of certain psychosocial factors and cancer initiation/progression, is to propose a model wherein seemingly discrepant findings may be integrated and understood. For this task, a representative but not an exhaustive review of studies was conducted, which revealed surprising consistencies, given the heterogeneity of designs, measures and cancer sites. Evidence converges on a constellation of factors that appears to predispose some individuals to develop cancer more readily or to progress more quickly through its stages. These factors include (a) certain personality traits or coping styles, which were discussed under the rubric of 'Type C'; (b) difficulty in expressing emotions; and (c) an attitude or tendency toward helplessness/hopelessness. Next, illustrative discrepancies across studies were presented. In order to make sense of these seemingly discrepant results, a process model of coping style and psychological-physiological homoeostasis was proposed. This model may be used to understand why some studies have found that Type C is associated with cancer outcome measures, while others have found that helplessness/hopelessness or emotional expression is related to outcome. We would expect that these differences are attributable to the point in the cancer and coping process at which psychological assessment was conducted.

Adaptation, Psychological↗