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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources

PubMed1986

[The hepaticocaval intersection: current anatomosurgical aspects. Apropos of 32 dissections].

Segmental occlusive phlebography of IVC coupled with a slit in its posterior wall, injection of corrosive substances into portal and hepaticocaval network, biometry of the retrohepatic IVC and serial sections of injected livers from 32 fresh subjects has allowed definition of the hepaticocaval intersection which constitutes one of the rare current stumbling-blocks to hepatic surgery. Emergency surgery for hepaticocaval injuries exposes patients to the risk of gas embolus and massive haemorrhage. Using a median sternolaparotomy approach they require previous temporary hemostasis by quadruple clamping or intracaval shunt: in more than half of cases the length of the subhepatic, suprarenal IVC of less than 1 cm does not permit application of a clamp and necessitates introduction of an intracaval shunt by the atrial route. Cold surgery for certain hepatic tumors close to the intersection can benefit from vascular exclusion of liver but the right middle capsular and inferior phrenic veins must be clamped: clamping of the suprahepatic IVC is dependent on the site of the intersection in relation to diaphragm. The principal right hepatic vein, lacking collateral over 1 cm external to liver in 1 of 2 cases, can be controlled extraparenchymatously after mobilization of right liver, but caution is needed because of the predominance of "accessory" hepatic veins in 25% of cases. Control of hepatic veins external to liver on left side is dangerous since a common trunk is frequent (87.5%), collateral branches numerous and often vulnerable. Relations between intersection, diaphragm and right atrium also define modalities of treatment of hepatic lesions in membranes of terminal IVC and in Budd Chiari's syndrome.

Aged↗

PubMed1977

Diabetic ketoacidosis with retinal tear.

A 59-year-old women with no previous history of diabetes mellitus was admitted in diabetic ketoacidosis. Ultrasonic biometry was used to measure axial vitreous length during therapy. Vitreous length increased from 14.09 mm shortly after admission to 14.26 mm (p less than 0.05) when the episode of diabetic ketoacidosis cleared. An interesting finding was the presence of a horseshoe-shaped retinal tear after the patient was discharged. Severe dehydration with resultant shrinkage of the vitreous compartment may provide sufficient vitreoretinal traction to cause a retinal tear. In addition, an estimate of volume change showed a comparable decrease in vitreous volume seen with therapy using osmotic agents measured in rabbits.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis↗

PubMed1979

[Structure and biometric indices of the lumbar ganglia of the sympathetic trunk of normal cats and cats subjected to hormonal stimulation].

The structure of different components from lumbar ganglia of the cat sympathetic trunk were studied in norm and 6h after intramuscular administration of prednisolone (5 mg/kg). Paraffin sections were stained with azocramine after Heidenhain, Wallart and Houette, azure II -- eosin. Biometry of different ganglial structures was performed by G.G. Avtandilov's dotted method. It was demonstrated that as a response to prednisolone administration, certain morphological changes appeared in all ganglial components. The walls of capillaries grew thicker, endothelial nuclei protruded into their lumen. Collagenous fibres of the connective tissue capsule and ganglial stroma grew thicker and acquired twisted appearance, the amount of the basilar substance increased. Simultaneously, there was a sharp increase of the nuclear section area in perineuronal ganglia. The total area of neuronal sections in the ganglia also increased at the expense of both increasing area of neuronal cytoplasm and hypertrophy of their nuclei.

Animals↗

PubMed1974

[Biomechanic study of sternal movements in adult man (author's transl)].

The study of the sternal movements by the use of biometry mensurations of 62 young adult men allows to precise the respiratory variations of the Louis's angle and sternal displacements in the sagittal plane. The sternal movements are successivly considered in standing and horizontal positions, at three respiratory moments corresponding to the respiratory rest, the forced inspiration and the forced expiration. The sternal displacements in the sagittal plane are the resultant of backward and forward movements and elevation and lowering movements. In standing position the amplitude of the forward movements can be compared to these of the backward movements while the amplitude of the elevation movements is four times more important than that of the lowering movements. In horizontal position the amplitude of the forward movements is twice more important than that of the backward movements and the amplitude of the elevation movements is twice more important than that of the lowering movements. The correlation research between the sternal movements and the vital capacity allows to precise that the vital capacity appears essentially in correlation with the maximum of the amplitude of the Louis's angle movements in horizontal position and with the forward and backward sternal movements in standing and horizontal positions.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

[Cymothoadian parasitosis of the sea-dace (Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus 1758) during breeding. II. Parasitic ecophysiology in the Diana pond (upper Corsica)].

This study deals with the problem of some aspects of the influence of infestation by an hematophagous parasite Nerocila orbignyi (Crustacean, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) on sea-bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax, L. 1758) ecophysiology, reared in the pond Diana (Corsica). We can summarise results as: decrease in body condition, in weight, in levels blood protein, blood lipids and triglycerides; but increase in levels blood urea. We too observe hypochromic macrocytic anemia with increase in eosinophils, neutrophils and a decrease in lymphocytes. When parasitism decrease, we remark improvement of body condition and biometry characteristics; an increase in level blood protein, lipid, cholesterol and a decrease in the level blood urea. We remark erythropoiesis stimulation.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Biology yesterday, today and tomorrow].

Throughout the history of the biological disciplines from the 18th to the 20th centuries, there has been a succession of predominating fields of interest: morphology, physiology, genetics, biochemistry, ecology and ethology, while statistics, biometry and computer sciences were developing as powerful means of imposing rigor on research. In all sciences, there is a fundamental empiricism which has often been criticized as prescientific. However, it is unavoidable, especially in biology owing to the unusual wealth and complexity of the facts to be reported. Explaining in the natural sciences first requires the discovery of relationships between facts. Biological explanation has many levels. One of the main avenues leading to true explanation is the multidisciplinary approach, which is in reality an attempt at synthesis. Another characteristic of biological work is the equilibrium between pragmatism and idealism, usually expressed as a balance between application and theory. Both modalities are necessary because of their complementarity. The emergence of ecology demonstrates this duality in the recent past. The equilibrium between theory and application should be decided by the biologists themselves, not by the funding public agencies, although competent administrators are necessary for the welfare of researchers. Applied and theoretical research should be kept separate to a large extent, even though they remain interdependent. In biology, theoretical work has suffered considerable neglect as compared to the situation in physics and chemistry. Biology has few explanatory theories and the few it possesses have often been put forward by physicists in the field of biophysics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biology↗

PubMed1984

[Management of twin pregnancy with different development].

By means of a case report of a dizygotic twin pregnancy with extreme difference of weight our diagnostic and therapeutic procedure is reported. Beside ultrasound biometry it was made use of the placental perfusion measurement as a functional parameter of the fetoplacental unit. In the case reported a separate judgement of the placental areas of the two fetuses was possible.

Female↗

PubMed1984

A new A-scan ultrasonoscope.

A new A-mode biometry system for determining axial length measurements of the eye has been developed that incorporates a soft-membrane transducer. The soft transducer decreases the risk of indenting the cornea with the probe resulting in inaccurate measurements. A microprocessor evaluates echo patterns and determines whether or not axial alignment has been obtained, eliminating possible user error. The new A-scan requires minimal user skill and can be used successfully by both physician and technician.

Eye↗

PubMed1981

Ultrasound.

The application of ultrasonics has been one of the major developments in ophthalmology in the last two decades. Diagnostic ultrasound of the eye and orbit, together with ocular biometry (especially in the field of lens implantation), are now routine investigations, while ultrasonic surgery of the lens (phacoemulsification) has become a well-established part of our surgical armamentarium. The historical development of diagnostic ultrasound is reviewed, its physical basis is recalled, present-day techniques and instrumentation are outlined, and future possibilities considered.

Anthropometry↗

PubMed1982

[Randomization for controlled therapeutic trials].

The choice of an adequate randomization procedure, the organization of the randomization process and its correct implementation are questions that may influence the quality of a controlled therapeutic trial. Starting with a brief critical review of randomization procedures now available, this paper presents in greater detail one method which is thought to be optimal for clinic trials of typical sample sizes. The "adaptive randomization" procedure of Pocock and Simon [3] keeps all 2-8 factors of prognostic importance in satisfactory balance-as has been confirmed by trials in the past 4 years. An interactive computer program, RANDOM, is introduced, whereby easy and safe use of the procedure is enabled via a video terminal. Furthermore, standardized recording of the randomization process by a clerk for medical documentation in the central randomization office is described. The possibility of randomizing multi-factorial trials and the admissibility of eliminating already randomized patients from a trial are discussed. The working group on documentation and biometry of the 1st Department of Surgery, Vienna University Medical School, offers the program to any centres that may be interested and is also willing to undertake randomizations (by phone) for clinical trials within Austria.

Aged↗

PubMed1980

[Fluorescent angiography in different diagnosis of intra-ocular tumours/melanomas, metastatic tumours and haemangiomas of the uvea (author's transl)].

The angiographic pictures of 155 certified malignant melanomas, 15 metastatic intraocular tumours and 16 haemangiomas of the uvea are discussed. Eight angiographic signs are differentiated which can be observed in different combinations by different types of intraocular tumours. Correlation between the number of the angiographic signs by which the tumour is presented and its prominence, calculated by means of ultrasound biometry is proved. A malignant melanoma with high prominence is demonstrated by 3 signs, while for a certain diagnosis of tumours with low prominence, at least 6 angiographic signs should be observed. by means of methods of statistics, such as correlation and variation diagnostic differences in the angiographic pictures of the discussed 3 types of tumours are found, having compared tumours with equal prominence. It turns out that malignant melanomas with low prominence present a marked fluorescence (6 signs at least), while the haemangiomas of the uvea, with the same prominence are presented with less fluorescentic signs (maximum 4), and the metastatic tumours with even less (2-3 signs).

Adult↗

PubMed1981

[Ultrasonography and computed tomography in ophthalmological practice: comparative value during exploration of the eye and orbit (author's transl)].

Ultrasonography is a completely harmless method of examining the eye and the orbit and uses light, inexpensive equipment, within the reach of any ophthalmologist, to provide excellent information concerning the eye and is also well adapted to orbital examination. Cephalic computed tomography, which uses ionizing radiation, is especially efficient in orbital investigations, but this kind of examination is only required in about 10% of cases. It requires expensive, cumbersome equipment and highly specialised staff; frequent use of this method, as well as the injection of contrast products, can be risky. The reader will find 3 tables that summarize briefly the comparative possibilities of ultrasonography and computed tomography in bulbar and orbital investigations and for biometry. A 4th table underlines the suitability of one method or the other in terms of the symptomatology. Consultation of this table could be a time-saver: the ophthalmologist would always begin with the method most likely to give the best information and not waste time doing both. As far as the globe and the orbit are concerned, ultrasonography is normally sufficient. When this method seems problematical or gives insufficient information, the investigation can easily be completed with a computed tomography. Using this method, therefore we can go some way towards limiting the irradiation of the crystalline lens (sometimes unjustified) and towards saving time and money within the Health Service.

Cephalometry↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Overall provision of different medical fields with ultrasonic diagnostic devices].

At present, the ultrasonic diagnosis employs A, M and B-echograpic apparatus along with Doppler indicators and meters. Specific features of these devices determine a complex of medical problems to be solved. So, A-devices find particularly successful application in biometry, M-devices for studying the time course, mainly in cardiology. The possibilities of B- units depend, to a considerable degree, upon the scanning-system tupe. Correlation of clinical experience in employing ultrasonic technique allowed one to recommend examplary sets of diagnosis devices for different medical fields.

Internal Medicine↗

PubMed1980

[Treatment of primary closed angle glaucoma].

Surgery is the treatment of choice in angle closure glaucoma. Exceptions to this rule are rare. Peripheral iridectomy is the operation in reversible forms: asymptomatic forms, drug normalized attacks without anatomic alterations of the anterior segment, and when both eyes have the same biometry. Trabeculectomy is the treatment of all irreversible forms: attacks that are not controlled even with intensive medical management and subacute forms that progress to chronic angle closure glaucoma. Indication for combined cataract-trabeculectomy surgery are discussed in the text.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1981

Reference values for ionized, complexed, and protein-bound plasma magnesium in men and women.

Of the three magnesium fractions in plasma, free ionized magnesium (Mg2+) has the greatest biological activity. Accordingly, information concerning this form in plasma is of cardinal importance to investigations in biometry and human pathology. For this reason, we developed an indirect assay for ionized magnesium in which Mg2+ is determined as the difference between ultrafiltrable magnesium, as measured in plasma water after ultracentrifugation, and complexed magnesium, as obtained after fixation of the ionized and protein-bound magnesium on Amberlite IR-120(H) cation-exchange resin. All magnesium assays were performed by atomic absorption spectrometry. We used this methodology to compare ionized, complexed, and protein-bound plasma magnesium in 34 normal men and 12 normal women. Sex-related differences between the values for these fractions were not significant. Interesting preliminary results for cases of myocardial infarction prompt us to continue our investigations concerning these three states of plasma magnesium in cardiac pathology.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Heritability of the depth of the opening of the ciliary cleft in Samoyeds.

Ocular examination, including gonioscopy and ultrasonographic biometry (biological measurement), was performed in healthy, purebred Samoyeds. When the dogs were subclassified according to the degree of kinship with cases of primary angle-closure glaucoma, it was found that the opening of the ciliary cleft was wider in dogs less related to dogs with primary angle-closure glaucoma than in more closely related dogs. Furthermore, multivariate analysis of the material indicated that parentage of a dog has a substantial effect on the intraocular distances studied in this investigation (relative depth of the opening of the ciliary cleft, relative corneal thickness, relative anterior chamber depth, relative lens thickness, and relative length of the vitreous body). Finally, heritability of the relative depth of the opening of the ciliary cleft was estimated at 56% and that of the common environmental factor at 19%. The results are indicative of a hereditary component in primary angle-closure glaucoma in the Samoyed breed.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1995

Clinical studies of primary angle closure glaucoma.

The ocular anatomic features, pupil-blocking force, status of angle synechia closure and positivity of provocative tests were compared between the primary chronic angle closure glaucoma (PCACG) and primary acute angle closure glaucoma (PAACG) by ultrasonic biometry, computerized image processing technique of the anterior ocular segment, gonioscopy and provocative tests. The studies showed that the anterior chamber depth of PAACG was shallower than that of PCACG, the pupil-blocking force of PAACG was stronger than that of PCACG, the status of angle synechia closure of PCACG was mainly creeping synechia closure and the positivity of mydriasis test after iridectomy was much higher (37.93%) in PCACG than that (11.43%) in PAACG. These facts suggested that the mechanisms of the angle closure of more than half of PCACG cases be multiple, besides the mechanism of pupillary block. Therefore, the authors emphasize that the pupillary block must be eliminated as well as the other mechanisms for the treatment of PCACG. The criteria of diagnosis and principles of management of PCACG were proposed.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Age-related changes in ocular distances in normal eyes of Samoyeds.

Ocular biometry, using A-scan ultrasonography and ultrasonographic pachymetry, was performed in 52 Samoyeds, 2 months to 13 years old, without intraocular or systemic diseases. Furthermore, the relative depth of the opening of the ciliary cleft was estimated from goniophotographs. The values were analyzed, and statistical models of changes in ocular distances with increasing age were identified. It was found that the changes in corneal thickness, axial anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, relative lens position, length of the vitreous body, and axial length could best be described by 1 of the 2 nonlinear models f(x) = alpha + beta/x + gamma x + epsilon and f(x) = alpha + beta/x + gamma log x + epsilon. The course began with a period of rapid increase, after which the ocular distance either increased at a progressively slower rate toward infinity (corneal and lens thickness) or to a finite limit (relative lens position and axial length), or ceased to grow and finally started to decrease toward minus infinity (axial anterior chamber depth and length of the vitreous body). However, suitable model for determining relative depth of the opening of the ciliary cleft could not be established. Results indicated that age-related changes, mainly in lens thickness, cause a shallow anterior chamber, and it was suggested that this may be of importance for development of a relative pupillary block and, thus, primary angle-closure glaucoma, at least in preconditioned eyes of Samoyeds.

Aging↗