SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Competency framework”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Mentoring and nurse practitioner student self-efficacy.

The relationship between nurse practitioner students and their clinical teachers (preceptors) may have an impact on students' confidence in their ability to take on the advanced practice role of the nurse practitioner. This descriptive, correlational study investigated the relationship between nurse practitioner students' perceptions of mentoring by their clinical preceptors and student self-efficacy. Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory and Biddle's Role Theory provided the framework for the research. Study results may have an impact on graduate nursing program philosophy, clinical placement management strategies, and preceptor selection.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Evidence for the effectiveness of techniques To change physician behavior.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To understand the theory and results of how to improve physician performance, as part of overall health-care quality improvement. In particular, to study whether and how guideline production and dissemination affects physician performance. DESIGN: Review of meta-analyses and structured reviews; review of behavior change theories implicit in interventions to change physician performance. SETTING: Primarily the United States. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: Various patients and physicians, determined by reviews. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: There is no unifying theory of physician behavior change tested among physicians in practice. Attempts to affect individual physicians' performance have often met with failure. Mixed results are found for almost all interventions reviewed. Multiple interventions yield better results. CONCLUSIONS: The answer to the question of what works to improve an individual physician's clinical performance is not simple. Emerging theory and evidence suggests that applications of behavior-change methods should not be focused on which tools (don't) always work. Instead, guideline development and implementation methods should be theory driven and evidence based (supported by evidence that proves the theory correct). In particular, the framework of evidence-based quality assessment offers some insight into past failures and offers hope for organizing attempts at guideline implementation.

Behavior↗

PubMed1999

Medics in the Israel Defense Forces and their experience in trauma care during peacetime.

BACKGROUND: In the military environment it is the medics who usually provide the initial care of mass casualties in the field. OBJECTIVES: To determine the number of incidents of trauma encountered by medics in the Israel Defense Forces during peacetime, and to ascertain the role of these medics in providing primary trauma care to the victims. METHODS: A retrospective questionnaire, reviewing the activities of medics in treating injured trauma victims, was distributed to medics who were in service for at least 2 years after their professional training. RESULTS: Of the 128 responding medics, 87 (68%) had actively participated in the treatment of trauma victims under various circumstances. The average number of trauma events was 1.2 events over a period of 2 years per combat medic, and 0.7 for medics stationed in rear units. Their activities included insertion of numerous intravenous fluid lines (57% of medics), assistance in intubations (37%), tube thoracostomies (23%), insertions of central catheters (14%) or orogastric tubes (28%), and manual ventilations (41%). CONCLUSION: Since it is difficult to increase the level of practical experience in dealing with trauma within the military framework, new techniques should be applied to improve the trauma training.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A model of culture-centered child welfare practice.

This article presents a framework for culture-centered child welfare practice, including child-family-system interactions, service provision, recruitment and retention of homes, and culturally responsive legislation. There should be no one-size-fits-all approach to child welfare practice. In a diverse society, child welfare practice must be responsive to the particularities of various cultures. A culture-centered framework allows for a holistic system of child permanence, with consideration of a child's mental, physical, and emotional growth. This framework cherishes the distinctiveness of America's cultures.

Adoption↗

PubMed2006

Clinical competence in caring for paediatric patients.

The ability to demonstrate competence in the modern healthcare arena is becoming increasingly important. Patient safety is of primary importance, but competency documents can also be used to structure professional development and as evidence of practitioners' levels of clinical practice, competence and responsibility. Managing paediatric patients can be highly complex and is surrounded by uncertainty. It requires imagination, advanced decision making and the application of theory and research to practice. Nurses must be able to demonstrate accurate knowledge of physical and psychological development changes of children aged between five and 18 years, and then apply this knowledge to examination and treatment. Nurses must also be able to demonstrate accurate referral to X-ray. Providing good paediatric emergency care has become a high priority and it is hoped that practice standards will improve in line with the national service framework's ten-year plan (DH 2004b). Improving the health and welfare of children is an important investment in our future (Glasper 2005). To this end, all healthcare professionals must strive to deliver high quality, timely and efficient paediatric care.

Certification↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Life history, maintenance, and the early origins of immune function.

There is compelling evidence to suggest that early environments are important determinants of immune function over the life course. While current research focuses on proximate mechanisms and clinical implications, an adaptationist perspective may contribute a theoretical basis for explaining, rather than merely describing, the long-term impact of early environments. Life history theory in particular, with its emphasis on the life cycle and investment in maintenance effort-of which immune function is a central component-provides a predictive framework for identifying prenatal and early postnatal factors that are likely to shape immunity. Key life history issues at these stages include avoiding death from infectious disease, investing in immune defenses that are appropriate for the local disease ecology, and optimizing competing demands for investment in immune function and growth. A series of hypotheses derived from these issues are proposed and evaluated with data from ongoing research in the Philippines and Bolivia. Ecologically-informed research on immunity is in its earliest stages, and life history theory has the potential to make important contributions to our understanding of the development and function of this critical physiological system.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed2026

Nourishing collaboration: interdisciplinary nutrition education for health care professionals.

Nutrition education remains insufficient in many health care professional training programs despite the central role of diet in the prevention and management of chronic disease. Contemporary nutrition science increasingly recognizes that dietary behaviors and health outcomes are shaped by complex interactions among biological, behavioral, environmental, and food system factors. This perspective proposes an interdisciplinary framework for nutrition education that integrates the complementary expertise of physicians, dietitians, chefs, and farmers. By bridging clinical care, nutrition science, culinary practice, and agricultural systems, such an approach may strengthen the translation of evidence into practice, improve nutrition-related competencies among health care professionals, and ultimately enhance population health outcomes.

Humans↗

PubMed2004

Sexual conflict and sexual selection: lost in the chase.

The emergent field of evolutionary biology that studies disparities between the evolutionary interests of alleles expressed in the two sexes, or sexual conflict, promises to offer novel insights into male-female coevolution and speciation. Our theoretical understanding of basic concepts is, however, still incomplete. In a recent perspective paper, Pizzari and Snook provided a framework for understanding sexually antagonistic coevolution and for distinguishing this process from other models of male-female coevolution and suggested an experimental protocol to test for sexually antagonistic coevolution. Here, I show that the framework is flawed, primarily because it is built upon the mistaken assumption that male and female fitness can evolve independently. Further, while the empirical strategy advocated has indeed offered important insights in the past, it does not allow unambiguous discrimination between competing hypotheses.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Law and practice in relation to coronial post mortems--a social perspective.

The coronial post mortem, might be described as a coercive process because it takes place by force of law and, subject to the safeguards which the law now recognizes, irrespective of the wishes of the family of the deceased or, indeed, any wishes expressed by the deceased in his or her lifetime. That process should therefore be considered in the context of the competing social and consequent legal imperatives that impact upon the decision to undertake an autopsy, the means by which it is undertaken and the extent of the process. The purpose of this paper is to examine those social imperatives, the legislative framework and case law including recent legislative reforms designed to meet these social imperatives, some of which have been recognised only in recent times. Recent developments in law and practice have had a significant impact on the social issues involved. Important scientific research has now been undertaken that demonstrates the value of radiological techniques particularly CAT scans and MRIs as a means of avoiding some of the social difficulties involved in the process and, at the same time, proving valuable forensic tools in many cases. The role of such processes will be discussed. References to legislation are references to the statutes of New South Wales unless otherwise stated.

Autopsy↗

PubMed1993

An exploration of nursing disillusionment.

A model of supportive care developed in prior research, combined with ethical theory, is used as a framework for analyzing some of the current problems facing the nursing profession. The authors argue that a central cause of nursing disillusion is dissonance between personal values rooted in an ethic of caring and a health care system that rewards technological competence above human values.

Burnout, Professional↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Aging and technology].

This contribution focusses on coping with everyday technology which is embedded in the broader framework of age-friendly environments. The majority of the elderly has to make use of everyday technology (bank tellar machines, ticket machines, TV and video recorder and remote controls, hightech phones, fax machines) in order to live an independent and competent life. There are much more studies investigating acceptance of and attitudes towards modern technology than empirical studies which turn to the concrete question how to cope with modern technology in the behavioral domain. Studies of this kind identify problems in using technology and derive intervention procedures which offer possibilities, potentials and options for the user. Some results from own studies of the latter kind are presented and some suggestions are given regarding transgenerational design of everyday technology.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2003

[Physicians in training in general practice want mentors].

INTRODUCTION: The new specialist training in family medicine in Denmark calls for increased educational time spent in general practice. The aim of this study was to describe the factors affecting the educational relationship between trainer and trainee, as seen from the perspective of the trainees. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The participants in the study were seven of eight trainees recently given the position of specialist training for general practice in a Danish county. We conducted repeated focus group interviews and individual interviews over a period of nine months. Our method was based on principles of ethnographic interviews. The data were analysed in the style of Kirsti Malterud. An English model of mentoring was used to establish a theoretical perspective on the data. RESULTS: Essential to the educational relationship between trainee and trainer is that the trainee feel welcome and that the initial interview succeed. It is also essential that the tutor be readily available, but trainees have varying need for supervision, which must be conducted with regard to each trainee's learning style and clinical competency. It is also essential that a dialogue of equals be established. The trainee is in a learning situation and needs positive feedback. When the educational relationship does not succeed, it is often due to the trainers' and trainees' differing expectations of the relationship. DISCUSSION: In specialist training for family medicine, it is taken for granted that the trainer functions as a mentor. The tutor is supposed not only to supervise the trainee in clinical work but also to create a framework in which the trainee can reflect on his or her personal and professional life. Trainees want mentors, but such a relationship does not automatically succeed. Success in mentoring in general practice depends on trainers' perception of their role as tutors, as well as, perhaps, on Danish doctors' culturally instilled professional values.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Australian enrolled nurses have their say--Part 2: Scope of practice.

Determination of the scope of practice for enrolled nurses has been an ongoing issue in Australia, compounded by the existence of two regulated levels of nurse with often overlapping roles and functions. This paper explores enrolled nurse scope of practice, drawing on findings from national research that examined the role, function and competencies of the enrolled nurse. Enrolled nurses from a range of settings in all states and territories participated in telephone interviews exploring their experiences of practice and the role and function of the enrolled nurse. Findings indicated various influences on enrolled nurse role and function, including geographical location, organisational policy and management practices, registered and enrolled nurse relationships and lack of differentiation between registered and enrolled nurse roles. Following a previous paper exploring issues related to teamwork and recognition of enrolled nurses, these influences are discussed as they relate to enrolled nurse scope of practice. The role and usefulness of decision making frameworks in clarifying the scope of enrolled nurse practice are also explored.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2005

Physiological system identification with the Kalman filter in diffuse optical tomography.

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a noninvasive imaging technology that is sensitive to local concentration changes in oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin. When applied to functional neuroimaging, DOT measures hemodynamics in the scalp and brain that reflect competing metabolic demands and cardiovascular dynamics. Separating the effects of systemic cardiovascular regulation from the local dynamics is vitally important in DOT analysis. In this paper, we use auxiliary physiological measurements such as blood pressure and heart rate within a Kalman filter framework to model physiological components in DOT. We validate the method on data from a human subject with simulated local hemodynamic responses added to the baseline physiology. The proposed method significantly improved estimates of the local hemodynamics in this test case. Cardiovascular dynamics also affect the blood oxygen dependent (BOLD) signal in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This Kalman filter framework for DOT may be adapted for BOLD fMRI analysis and multimodal studies.

Algorithms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Promoting emotional wellness: undergraduate clinical experiences in elementary schools.

Historically psychiatric mental health community-based clinical experiences for nursing students were primarily with client populations in traditional settings. Experiences in mental health promotion, while incorporated into most mental health nursing courses, have been limited. The authors describe undergraduate clinical experiences in mental health promotion and prevention of psychiatric problems with elementary school children. The programmatic framework, project overview for clinical experiences, specific examples of projects, outcomes, and evaluation are presented.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2005

A framework for good practice in interagency interventions with cases of self-neglect.

Self-neglect is probably more common than has generally been thought and gives rise to a number of difficult conceptual, identification and intervention problems for health and social care workers. These patient management issues are compounded by the lack of any evidence-base for practice which nurses can draw on when faced with managing people who self-neglect. Nurses working with self-neglecters operate in an interdisciplinary context which includes professional groups, such as environmental health officers, who do not normally figure within health and social care teams. In the absence of such an evidence-base, a pragmatic solution in the form of a framework for interagency practice has been proposed. The background underpinning this framework, including a research study of housing in self-neglect and interagency responses, is briefly outlined in this paper.

Benchmarking↗

PubMed1993

Living wills in English law.

There is considerable debate surrounding the provision of life-sustaining treatment to those unable themselves to give consent. This article examines the issues involved from a legal perspective, and discusses two proposed solutions: the 'advance directive' and the 'health care proxy'. It is concluded that a legislative framework should be set up in order to give advance directives a legal status.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Quantifying the impact of participation in local tobacco control groups on the psychological empowerment of involved youth.

A core component of Legacy's Statewide Youth Movement Against Tobacco Use is the ability of state and local initiatives to empower youth to effect change in their communities. The authors' conceptual framework proposes that youth empowerment is an outcome of the process by which youths become active participants in local efforts. Youths are proposed to attain specific skills (e.g., assertiveness, advocacy), attitudes (e.g., domain-specific self-efficacy, perceived sociopolitical control, participatory competence), and knowledge of relevant resources. All are proposed outcomes of their individual participation in these local efforts. Data collected in fall 2002 through a tested survey instrument designed to obtain data on key components of empowerment are presented. Regression modeling was used to examine the extent to which characteristics of empowerment are an outcome of individual participation in these groups. A summary of lessons learned pertaining to effectively measuring empowerment and enhancing the empowerment process through local initiatives is provided.

Adolescent↗