SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Functional Laterality”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Reliability of perceptual-motor laterality tasks.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[Relations between cerebral, manual and ocular laterality].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Re: "A dual-task investigation of language-spatial lateralization".
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Letter: Laterality of fractures.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[Relation of linquistic development to laterality].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
[Sex difference in cerebral lateralization].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The neuropsychology of depression: a literature review and preliminary model.
Neuropsychological research provides a useful framework to study emotional problems, such as depression, and their correlates. This paper reviews several prominent neuropsychological theories. Functional neuroanatomical systems of emotion and depression are reviewed, including those that describe cerebral asymmetries in emotional processing. Following the review, a model that is composed of three neuroanatomical divisions (left frontal, right frontal, and right posterior) and corresponding neuropsychological emotional sequelae within each quadrant is presented. It is proposed that dysfunction in any of these quadrants could lead to symptomatology consistent with a diagnosis of depression. The proposed model combines theories of arousal, lateralization, and functional cerebral space and lends itself to scientific methods of investigation. Accordingly, research, prevention, and treatment programs in accordance with the proposed model may promote an improved understanding of the neuropsychological mechanisms involved in depression.
[Complex injuries of the dorsum of the hand. Therapeutic reflections apropos of 2 cases].
UNLABELLED: We report 2 similar cases of severe injury of the dorsum of the hand, both treated in emergency. FIRST CASE: A 37-year-old right handed male truck driver was admitted with a complex severe injury of the dorsum of his right hand following a traffic accident. He had a combined large defect involving skin, tendons and bone. A complex reconstruction was performed using a massive iliac crest allograft, a tendon graft and a free serratus anterior flap in a one stage procedure, eight hours after the injury. A skin graft was done later. Two years later the functional and esthetic results are good. SECOND CASE: A 37-year-old woman was admitted with a severe injury of the dorsum of her right hand following a traffic accident. She had a large combined defect involving skin, tendon and bone. A complex reconstruction was carried out using a large iliac crest autograft, a multiple tendon graft and a free latissimus dorsi flap, in one stage 6 hours after the trauma. Eight months later the functional result is partial but useful for the daily activities of the patient.
Asymmetrical effects of cortical ablation on brain monoamines in mice.
Neurochemical changes induced by right or left cortical ablation which have previously been described to have immunological effects were investigated in mice. Catecholamine and indolamine levels were determined in the contralateral cortex and in subcortical structures involved in immunoregulation 14 and 60 days after unilateral cortical ablation. Unilateral cortical ablation induced profound and widespread changes in the contralateral cortex but also in subcortical regions of both sides at 14 days after surgery. Lesions of the left neocortex appeared mainly to affect the activity of serotoninergic inputs to the right neocortex, whereas ablations of the right cortex influenced the activity of the catecholaminergic inputs to the left. Sixty days after surgery, modifications in monoamine levels were observed only in the ipsilateral, but not contralateral, subcortical regions, the only exception being that DA turnover in the tuberoinfundibular system remained lowered in both hemispheres after either right or left cortical ablations. Furthermore, some asymmetrical effects of cortical lesions depended on functional brain lateralization as assessed by paw preference. It may be hypothesized that some neurochemical modifications induced by unilateral cortical lesions are, at least partially, responsible for the immunological perturbations observed after cortical ablation.
Right unilateral jargonagraphia as a symptom of callosal disconnection.
We report the case of a right-handed patient who exhibited right unilateral jargonagraphia after a traumatic callosal hemorrhage. The lesions involved the entire corpus callosum, except for the lower part of the genu and the splenium. The patient's right unilateral jargonagraphia was characterized by neologisms and perseveration in kanji and kana, and was more prominent in kana than kanji. The jargonagraphia was similar to that observed in crossed aphasia, except that agraphia occurred only with the right hand. The patient also showed right unilateral tactile anomia and right tactile alexia, along with right-ear extinction on a dichotic listening test for verbal stimuli, which suggested that language function was lateralized to the right hemisphere. Since this patient had learned to write with his right hand, kinesthetic images of characters were thought to be formed and stored dominantly in the left hemisphere. We suggest that the callosal lesions disturbed the interhemispheric transfer of information for the dual-route procedures for writing in the right hemisphere, allowing the kinesthetic images of characters stored in the left hemisphere to be processed freely, resulting in the right unilateral jargonagraphia. At least two factors seem to explain that kana was more defective than kanji. First, writing in kana, which is assumed to be processed mainly via a sub-word phoneme to grapheme conversion route, might depend more strongly on lateralized linguistic processing than writing in kanji. Second, kanji, which represent meaning as well as phonology, with much more complicated graphic patterns than kana, are assumed to be processed in both hemispheres.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene malate): a new biodegradable copolyester bearing hydroxyl pendant groups.
A new biodegradable copolyester, poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene malate) P(BS-co-BM), has been preliminarily prepared with optically active centers and lateral hydroxyl functional groups via a four-step synthetic strategy. First, an optically active benzyl-protected dimethyl malate was synthesized from a starting material of (S)-dimethyl malate and purified with good yield. Then, copolyester poly(butylene succinate-co-benzyl-protected butylene malate), P(BS-co-BBM), was prepared through a skilled condensation copolymerization of the benzyl-protected dimethyl malate, dimethyl succinate, and 1,4-butanediol in the presence of titanium tetraisopropoxide as the catalyst. Finally, a Pd/C catalyzed hydrogenation was applied to eliminate the benzyl protection group in a mixed solution of THF and methanol; thus the target copolyester P(BS-co-BM) was attained. On the other hand, physical properties of the synthesized copolyesters were systematically characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, Fourier transformed infrared spectrometer, gel permeation chromatography, optical polarimeter, quantitative hydroxyl titration, and thermal analytical instruments. The experimental evidence demonstrated a successful construction of the product P(BS-co-BM) bearing lateral hydroxyl functional groups. It was also revealed that the lower BBM unit content was in the benzyl-protected optically active P(BS-co-BBM) copolyester, the higher melting point T(m), crystallinity, the broader molecular distribution, and the lower glass transition temperature T(g) would be detected, and these results can be accounted for the presence of bulky lateral benzyl moieties. In contrast, the deprotected product P(BS-co-55 mol % BM) showed a higher T(m), crystallinity and lower T(g) than its counterpart P(BS-co-55 mol % BBM). Interestingly, a thermal stability as high as that of the linear PBS was observed for P(BS-co-55 mol % BM) while a strong BBM unit content dependence of thermal stability was detected for the benzyl-protected copolyester P(BS-co-BBM)s. Therefore, these results may be beneficial for the new optically active P(BS-co-BM) bearing hydrophilic hydroxyl functional groups as a potential biomaterial.
The ALSFRSr predicts survival time in an ALS clinic population.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-revised (ALSFRSr), a predictor of survival time in ALS clinical trials, predicts survival time in an ALS clinic population. METHODS: The authors prospectively evaluated 267 consecutive patients with ALS at first visit to an ALS clinic using the ALSFRSr and pulmonary function testing. The association of ALSFRSr score at baseline with death or tracheostomy in ALS was examined using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age at baseline, sex, and symptom duration. RESULTS: Of 267 patients with ALS, 103 (39%) reached the endpoint, defined as either death (79 patients) or tracheostomy (24 patients), during a mean follow-up of 1.0 +/- 0.7 years. Among the 103 patients who reached the endpoint during follow-up, 77 (75%) had a baseline ALSFRSr score of less than 38 (the median baseline score of all patients), compared to 53 of 164 (32%) who remained alive without tracheostomy. Patients with a total ALSFRSr score below the median had a 4.4-fold increased risk of death or tracheostomy compared to those who scored above the median (HR: 4.38, 95% CI: 2.79 to 6.86, p < 0.001). Both the total ALSFRSr score at baseline (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91 to 0.98, p < 0.001) and forced vital capacity at baseline (HR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.00, p = 0.02) were associated with death or tracheostomy when included in the same Cox model. CONCLUSIONS: In an ALS clinic population, the total Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-revised score at baseline is a strong predictor of death or tracheostomy independently of forced vital capacity and after adjustment for age at baseline, sex, and symptom duration.
Functional roles of the lateral suprasylvian cortex in ocular near response in the cat.
The lateral suprasylvian (LS) area, an extrastriate visual area in the cat, has been suggested to play an important role in processing motion in 3-dimensional visual space. In addition, the LS area is related to all three components of the ocular near response, i.e. lens accommodation, pupillary constriction, and ocular convergence: microstimulation in this area evoked these intra- and extraocular movements, and neuronal discharges associated with these movements were also found. Anatomical pathways, direct and indirect, from this area to premotor nuclei in the brainstem are known to exist. The present paper reviews studies useful for assessing the functional roles played by the LS area in triggering and modulating component movements in the ocular near response.
Altered hemispheric asymmetry and positive symptoms in schizophrenia: equivalent current dipole of auditory mismatch negativity.
The abnormality of mismatch negativity (MMN) in schizophrenia is thought to be associated with perceptional disturbance and cognitive dysfunction. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the change of the normal functional hemispheric lateralization in schizophrenia by employing the equivalent current dipole (ECD) model of auditory MMN with individual MRI and high-density electroencephalography (EEG). The MMNs resulting from auditory stimuli with passive oddball paradigm in a group of schizophrenics (n = 15), and also a group of age-, sex-, and handedness-matched normal controls, were recorded by 128 channel EEG. The location and power of ECD sources at the peak point were calculated. Individual 3-D brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) were used for realistic head modeling and for source localization. For both groups, the MMN source was determined to be located in the superior temporal gyrus (STG). However, the normal functional hemispheric asymmetry of ECD power was significantly altered in the schizophrenics (chi(2) test = 16.13, p < 0.001). Left MMN ECD power and the asymmetry coefficient (AC) were negatively correlated with the positive scores from Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) (r = -0.673, p = 0.008), especially with the hallucinatory behavior subscale (r = -0.677, p = 0.008). These findings support the deficits in preattentive automatic processing of auditory stimuli, especially in the left hemisphere, and indicate the correlation between positive symptoms, especially auditory hallucination, and left temporal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Functional anatomy of the lateral collateral ligament complex of the elbow: morphology and strain.
The anatomy of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) of the elbow was investigated in 26 fresh frozen cadavers. Two types of insertion of the LUCL were originally described but we found another type which is characterized by a broad single expansion along with a thin membranous fibre. Strain on the LUCL was measured in situ during extension and flexion with the forearm in supination, pronation and neutral. Strain in the proximal fibres started to occur at around 32 degrees flexion and peaked at between 50 degrees and 60 degrees flexion. Strains measured in the distal fibres were smaller in magnitude. Forearm rotation had little effect on strain during extension to flexion. Based on these results, we conclude that the LUCL functions in unison with the annular ligament.
Handedness, cerebral lateralization, and measures of "latent left-handedness".
Two surveys were conducted to investigate the relationship between handedness and various variables that have been considered to be either more fundamental indices of an underlying laterality than handedness or have been proposed as moderating the relationship between handedness and cerebral lateralization. In the first survey (N = 686), sighting eye dominance was found to be related to handedness. In the second (N = 799), arm folding and leg crossing, but not hand clasping or spreading the fingers, were found to be related to handedness. Although these variables are correlated with handedness, they do not have the properties that would make them likely to improve prediction of cerebral lateralization.
Possible lateralization of the cardiac sympathetic function in cluster headache.
In cluster headache an adrenergic dysfunction of the pupillary sympathetic system can be demonstrated even during pain-free periods by instillation of tyramine in the conjunctival sac. In this study 10 patients with typical cluster headache syndrome exhibited a positive tyramine conjunctival test (minor mydriatic response in the pain side). As the adrenergic dysfunction may also involve the heart, possible neurogenic changes in ventricular repolarization were investigated in a group of patients with cluster headache by means of a hyperventilation test. When compared to controls, an increase of the QTc interval, a faster heart rate and a minor shortening of the QT interval, were observed. In all cases except one the T waves became bifid or inverted, sometimes showing a pseudoischemic aspect. Since the positive response to hyperventilation seems to depend on an asynchronous repolarization which can, in turn, be related to asymmetric sympathetic function, the present results seem to suggest the presence of a possible lateralization of the cardiac sympathetic function, in cluster headache patients.