The impact of endoscopy in acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a small hospital.
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Although endoscopic examination in patients with bleeding of the upper gastrointestinal tract has improved diagnostic accuracy, it has not been useful in predicting clinical outcome and has not been shown to improve the patients' prognoses. This article describes a subgroup of patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding whose clinical outcome can be predicted at the time of endoscopy. In 28 of 317 patients who underwent endoscopy, a "visible vessel" was seen in an ulcer presumed to be the bleeding site. All 28 were later recommended for operation because of recurrent (86 per cent) or uncontrolled (14 per cent) hemorrhage. In contrast, 75 per cent of the remaining 289 patients in whom vessels were not seen, whether or not bleeding from ulcers, had single bleeding episodes managed medically. Since patients with a "visible vessel" can be expected to have uncontrolled or recurrent hemorrhage, surgical treatment should be considered at the time of endoscopy if such a vessel is seen.
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A 68-year-old woman suffering from severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding underwent an urgent laparotomy. A necrotizing cholecystitis was found. The source of the bleeding was the eroded cystic artery. Perforation of a giant gallstone led to a fistula into the duodenum. The gallstone was removed from the distal jejunum. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. Later on a choledochal stenosis had to be treated by stenting. One year after the procedure the patient is alive and well.
Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has demonstrated the potential for detecting gastrointestinal bleeding in animal studies. We report a case of active lower gastrointestinal bleed diagnosed with MRA in an elderly patient. Clinical, radiologic, and surgical findings are described.