SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Intention”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Intentional bupropion overdoses.

Bupropion is an antidepressant that has recently seen increased usage in smoking cessation. This increased usage, along with its potential for causing seizures, has renewed interest among clinicians about the effects of this drug. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical course of intentional bupropion overdoses in adults and adolescents. This study is a retrospective review of intentional bupropion overdoses reported to regional poison centers over a 2-year period. Our review included 385 cases. Women accounted for 63% of cases and ages ranged from 12 to 57 years. Significant clinical effects were noted in 26% of cases. Seizures were reported in 11% of patients. Seizures occurred within 6 h in most patients. Other prominent effects included tachycardia, agitation, and hallucinations. In conclusion, after a bupropion overdose, patients frequently display agitation, tachycardia, hallucinations and seizures. Seizures commonly occur within 6 h of the ingestion. However, seizures may occur beyond this time frame, particularly if persistent tachycardia, agitation, or hallucinations are noted.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Digitised spirography as an evaluation tool for intention tremor in multiple sclerosis.

This study investigated validity and reliability of digitised circle and square spiral drawing for quantifying intention tremor severity and related disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The tremor amplitude was measured as the standard deviation of the drawing velocity of the arm in the radial and tangential direction for circle spiral drawing, and in the horizontal and vertical direction for square spiral drawing. Results were compared with those of MS patients without tremor and healthy controls, and correlated with clinical assessments of tremor severity and arm functionality including Fahn's tremor rating scale, Test d'Evaluation des Membres supérieurs des Personnes Agées (TEMPA) and the nine-hole-peg test to examine validity. Comparison of patient's performance between four repeated trials examined short-term test-retest reliability. All digitised spirography variables discriminated between the MS-tremor and both MS-no-tremor and healthy control groups. Validity was also shown by high spearman correlation coefficients between spirography variables and clinical ratings. Tremor appeared to be most profound in the radial and vertical direction during circle and square spiral drawing, respectively. The consistency and high correlations between four repeated executions indicated short-term test-retest reliability. We conclude that the digitised spirography provide a useful instrumentation for quantifying MS intention tremor.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Intentional replantation: a case report.

Nonsurgical retreatment and surgical endodontics are not always viable solutions to endodontic disease. Access for retreatment may be limited by posts. Surgical endodontics may be limited by anatomical features including bone thickness and nerve and sinus proximity. Anatomical limitations and complex restorations may prevent implant placement. Intentional replantation is considered by many as a procedure of last resort when nonsurgical or surgical endodontics is contra-indicated. The treatment described demonstrates intentional replantation as a procedure to be considered when endodontic procedures or a dental implant are not possible.

Female↗

PubMed2003

Bridging the gap: bringing together intentional and unintentional injury prevention efforts to improve health and well being.

PROBLEM: Intentional and unintentional injury prevention efforts have traditionally been independent and non-integrated. Fostering collaboration between the sub-fields would enhance work within both sub-fields and advance injury prevention work as a whole. METHOD: A systematic assessment of similarities and differences between the sub-fields was performed, including an examination of relevant definitions and norms, research methods and findings, key risk and resiliency factors, and prevention strategies that would promote collaboration and better advance current prevention efforts. RESULTS/SUMMARY: Several areas exist in which injury prevention efforts could be coordinated or ideas and practices could be cross-applied, including training of practitioners, data collection and analysis, application of tools and methodologies, examination of risk and resiliency factors, and identification of funding sources and partners. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This paper delineates how intentional and unintentional injury prevention practitioners can more effectively collaborate to promote safer environments and further reduce incidence of injury. An integrated injury prevention approach could significantly impact the underlying contributors to both types of injury, allowing practitioners within both sub-fields to achieve greater outcomes through increased credibility, reduced duplication of efforts, more efficient use of resources, and unified injury prevention messages.

Accident Prevention↗

PubMed2005

Using social cognitive theory to explain consumers' behavioral intentions in response to direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising.

BACKGROUND: Previous research describing consumers' communication behaviors in response to direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) suggests a social cognitive rationale to explain DTCA-related communication behavior. OBJECTIVE: Guided by social cognitive theory, the objective of this study was to explore outcome expectancy and self-efficacy beliefs as predictors of individuals' intentions to communicate with their physicians about an advertised drug. METHODS: One hundred and seven female college students completed a questionnaire, read an advertisement for an oral contraceptive drug, and completed a second questionnaire. The questionnaires assessed participants' self-efficacy and outcome expectancy beliefs, intended communication behavior, and demographic information. RESULTS: Pearson product-moment correlation analyses showed that outcome expectancy (r=0.75, P<.01) and self-efficacy (r=0.21, P<.05) beliefs were associated positively with intentions to communicate with physicians in response to DTCA. However, ordinary least squares regression analyses revealed that only outcome expectancy beliefs predicted intended communication behavior (B=1.56, P<.01). Results also showed that participants had a relatively greater likelihood of requesting information about, than requesting a prescription for, the advertised drug [t(106)=14.75, P<.01]. CONCLUSIONS: The results identify cognitive factors that guide consumers' plans for interacting with physicians in response to DTCA. Health care providers can use these results to guide communication with patients regarding DTCA and meet patients' drug-related informational expectations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Effects of financial incentives on the intention to consent to organ donation: a questionnaire survey.

INTRODUCTION: Shortage of donor organs is a serious problem for transplantation medicine. One controversial suggestion to increase the number of organ donors is financial incentives for consent. The aim of this study was to test whether different forms and amounts of financial incentives were apt to increase the consent to organ donation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected via questionnaires in urban and rural regions of Austria and randomly assigned to settings with three different amounts of financial incentives. The questionnaire was designed by using the theory of planned behaviour of Ajzen. Parents 69 mothers and 35 fathers; ages 25 to 65 years were evaluated for intention to consent to organ donation, perceived social norm, and positive/ negative aspects of organ donation without and with various financial incentives. RESULTS: The intention to consent to organ donation dropped highly significantly (Z = -7.556 P = .000) from the basic condition (M = 1.13; confidence interval [CIs] 0.78 to 1.51) to the condition with financial incentives (M = -1.58; CI, 1.96 to -1.15). No influence of the amount of financial incentive was observed. Highly significant differences were measured between both conditions for the social norm (Z = -5.638; P < .000) and the attitude toward organ donation (Z = -1.962; P < .05; Z = -2.104; P < .035). CONCLUSIONS: Financial incentives led to decreased consents and elicited strong rejections and negative reactions of the participants. Taking money for consent to organ donation seems to be a strict taboo for most people in Austrian society.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Intentional replantation of a mandibular molar: case report and 14-year follow-up.

This case report describes the nonsurgical endodontic treatment and intentional replantation of a mandibular molar and its nearly 14-year follow-up. A 56-year-old woman sought treatment with complaint of discomfort and sensitivity in the mandibular left area. The radiographic examination showed that the mandibular left first molar was endodontically treated, with over-instrumentation of the distal root and unsatisfactory obturation on the mesial root. A large periapical lesion was observed surrounding the roots. In view of the patient's limited interocclusal space and objection to undergo an apical surgery, intentional replantation was suggested as an alternative. The patient returned for clinical and radiographic follow-up at 15 days, 40 days, 6 months, 12 months, and once yearly thereafter. At the last visit, after 14 years, no painful symptomatology was reported, probing depth was no greater than 3 mm, the periradicular area had normal appearance and no evidence of root resorption or periapical lesion.

Dental Restoration Failure↗

PubMed2006

The role of parents' health in their offspring's intentions to quit smoking.

BACKGROUND: Motivating cessation among young smokers is an important challenge for smoking reduction programs. This research examines the role of perceived illness in smoking parents as a motivator for cessation in young smokers. METHODS: Two nationally representative samples of young U.S. smokers (ages 14 to 22 and 18 to 25 in 2002) assessed perceptions of parent health, quit intentions, risk perceptions and affective expectations for smoking to test the hypothesis that perceived illness in smoking parents motivates quitting by linking unfavorable emotional reactions to the smoking experience. RESULTS: Approximately 88% of young smokers reported that parents who smoked were in less than very good health compared to 54% of smokers whose parents did not smoke. Unlike young smokers whose parents did not smoke, the quit intentions of those whose parents smoked were directly related to the perceived ill health of their parents. Affective expectations rather than perceived risk of smoking appeared to mediate these relations. CONCLUSION: Youth smoking cessation programs could benefit from targeting smokers whose parents smoke and are likely to show the long-term effects of smoking-related illness.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Artifact category membership and the intentional-historical theory.

Bloom has illustrated a number of complex and interesting phenomena that must be accounted for by any theory of categorization. We agree with Bloom about several important points: that the intended function of an object alone does not account for its categorization; that historical relations among objects can be important in assigning category membership; and that a name bestowed upon an object by a prior source can be an important contributor to categorization of the object. We also agree that intention may enter into category judgments in some cases. Still, we believe that the intentional-historical theory falls short of providing a compelling general account of artifact category membership.

Classification↗

PubMed2000

The timing of acts of deliberate self-harm: is there any relation with suicidal intent, mental disorder or psychiatric management?

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the common perception that more serious suicide attempts tend to occur earlier in the day. METHODS: Prospective study of 158 adults referred for psychiatric assessment from the general hospital following an episode of deliberate self-harm. The main outcome measures used were Beck's Suicide Intent score, ICD-10 psychiatric diagnosis, alcohol consumption at the time of the attempt, and follow-up decision recorded by the interviewing duty psychiatrist. The patient also completed a checklist of current precipitating problems. RESULTS: A marked circadian variation in timing of the act was found, peaking between 2200 and 2400 h. "Early" acts (0300-1459 h) were significantly less likely to involve alcohol consumption, more likely to lead to admission to a medical ward, and involved more patient-identified problems than "late" acts. People who took overdoses early in the day were more likely to have concerns about their own mental health. Compared to earlier acts of self-harm, late evening (2200-2359 h) cases were less likely to be diagnosed as depressed or offered psychiatric follow up. No relation was found between time of day of self-harm and Beck's Suicide Intent score. CONCLUSIONS: Implications arise regarding clinical risk assessment and current staffing levels in the accident and emergency department. The interviewing psychiatrist could concentrate on excluding depression and teaching problem solving to those who self-harm in the morning or afternoon, and on the detection and treatment of alcohol dependence for late evening cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

The electrophysiology of incidental and intentional retrieval: ERP old/new effects in lexical decision and recognition memory.

Event-related brain potentials (ERPs), recorded from a 128-sensor array were used to differentiate brain processes associated with intentional vs incidental memory retrieval. Two experiments examined ERP differences between old (studied) and new (non-studied) words and pseudowords while subjects performed either a recognition memory task or lexical decision task. Previous research has related a P600 old/new effect to the recollection of details, and the present experiments show that this effect was not amplified by intentional retrieval. The P600 effect was larger for words than pseudowords. An earlier (300 to 500 ms), frontally maximal, N400-like old/new effect ('FN400') was similar for words and pseudowords. A third, previously unidentified, mid-frontal, old/new effect was associated with only pseudoword recognition from 300 to 500 ms. Results are discussed with respect to dual-process theories of recognition memory.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Predictors of foster parents' satisfaction and intent to continue to foster.

OBJECTIVE: The United States General Accounting Office (United States General Accounting Office [USGAO], 1989) report on out-of-home care affirmed that the foster care system is in crisis. To shed light on some factors that influence retention, the study reported here asked "What factors influence the satisfaction of foster parents?" and "What factors influence the intent of licensed foster parents to continue to foster?" METHOD: A sample of 539 foster parents in eight urban counties in a large Midwestern state completed questionnaires aimed at addressing these questions. RESULTS: Some of the factors exerting the strongest influence on satisfaction were: feeling competent to handle the children who were placed; wanting to take in children who needed loving parents; no regrets about investment in foster children; foster mother's age; and agency social worker providing information and showing approval for a job well done. An example of factors exerting influence on intent to continue to foster include overall satisfaction, readiness to phone the social worker, number of foster boys in the home, being treated like one needed help oneself, and agency affiliation (private). CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to increase the supply of foster homes through recruitment is not enough. The support, training, and professional regard given to parents after they have begun the fostering task is of greater need. Based on analysis of the findings, implications for practice, programming, and policy are offered.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Intentional drug overdose: predictors of clinical course in the intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the characteristics of patients admitted to the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) after intentional drug overdose. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review, descriptive. SETTING: Midwestern teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: Convenience sample of 43 patients admitted to the MICU after intentional drug overdose. OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival and disposition of those patients who survived and were discharged from the MICU. RESULTS: Ninety-five percent of the patients survived and were discharged from the MICU; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores ranged from 1 to 29 (mean, 8); Glascow Coma Scale scores ranged from 3 to 15 (mean 12.5); five patients were intubated and two patients had serious electrocardiograph changes requiring pharmacologic intervention for dysrhythmia. CONCLUSIONS: Neurologic findings were the best indicators of serious complications after drug overdose. THerefore, patients with a Glascow Coma Scale score of more than six, and who are not intubated, may not need admission to an intensive care unit.

APACHE↗

PubMed2002

Intentionally-evoked modulations of smooth pursuit eye movements.

When observers pursue a moving target with their eyes, they use predictions of future target positions in order to keep the target within the fovea. It was suggested that these predictions of smooth pursuit (SP) eye movements are computed only from the visual feedback of the target characteristics. As a consequence, if the target vanishes unexpectedly, the eye movements do not stop immediately, but they overshoot the vanishing point. We compared the spatial and temporal features of such predictive eye movements in a task with or without intentional control over the target vanishing point. If the observers stopped the target with a button press, the overshoot of the eyes was reduced compared to a condition where the offset was computer generated. Accordingly, the eyes started to decelerate well before the target offset and lagged further behind the target when it disappeared. The involvement of intentionally-generated expectancies in eye movement control was also obvious in the spatial trajectories of the eyes, which showed a clear flexion in anticipation of the circular motion path we used. These findings are discussed together with neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the SP eye movements.

Acceleration↗

PubMed1998

What kind of hilar lung cancer can be a candidate for segmentectomy with curative intent?: Retrospective clinicopathological study of completely resected roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma.

Although a randomized control trial demonstrated that limited surgery for small peripheral lung cancers was not as curative as lobectomy, there have been no reports concerning segmentectomy for small hilar lung cancers. In this study, we analyzed the clinicopathological features of roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas in order to select candidates for limited resection with curative intent. From April 1982 through June 1995, 105 roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas whose proximal edge of the lesion was more peripheral than the orifice of the segmental bronchus were completely resected. The bronchoscopic findings of the lesions were classified into three categories: remarkable, minute and hidden. Moreover, in terms of the range of endoscopic visibility, the lesions were classified into two categories: lesions within the range of endoscopic visibility and those beyond it. If lymph nodes show no signs of metastasis, roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma is regarded as localized carcinoma and can be a candidate for segmentectomy with curative intent. In cases with minute or hidden bronchoscopic findings or of lesions within the range of endoscopic visibility, metastatic lymph nodes were never observed. Accordingly, roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas with minute or hidden bronchoscopic findings or those within the range of endoscopic visibility can be candidates for curative segmentectomy.

Bronchoscopy↗

PubMed1987

Selection of milks with varying fat contents and related overall liking, attitudes, norms and intentions.

A total of 236 subjects who used non-fat (0%), low-fat (1.9%) or regular-fat (3.9%) milk as their principal milk source participated in a hedonic test and in a survey in which overall liking, attitudes, norms and buying intentions of the three milk types as well as aspects of their consumption and shifts among them were studied. The subjects strongly preferred their own milk type in hedonic tests, in survey ratings of liking, and in their beliefs concerning sensory quality, nutritional and health value and suitability for various purposes. All the user groups indicated a reluctance to shift from the usual milk type but were, however, aware of nutritional recommendations as to which milk type they should use. The Fishbein model of attitudes, norms and behaviour explained 18-47% of the variation in buying intentions or selections of the milk types. The predictive power of the attitudinal component was greater than that of the norm component. Insertion of survey ratings of overall liking into the regression model slightly improved its predictive power (up to 25-48%), but this component was highly correlated with the attitude variable. It is concluded that the use of a certain milk type is highly supported by a consistent belief structure and positive attributions, which defend the established behaviour against any pressure to shift to another type of milk.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Between intention and behavior: an application of community pharmacists' assessment of pharmaceutical care.

A new practice philosophy for pharmacists, pharmaceutical care, encourages pharmacists to ensure that medication-related health outcomes are optimized. However, its adoption by community pharmacists has been slow due to numerous barriers including the economic structure of retail pharmacy, interprofessional conflicts, information limitations, gaps in pharmacy training and uneven patient demand. The specific study objectives were to (1) describe self-efficacy, beliefs, evaluations and perceived behavioral control in the provision of pharmaceutical care, (2) quantify intention and behavior to provide pharmaceutical care in a period of two weeks and (3) examine the relationships between intention and behavior. A 20% sample of Alberta community pharmacists received an attitude survey followed in two weeks by a behavior survey. Both surveys were developed for this study. Of the 320 pharmacists receiving the attitude survey, 230 completed surveys were obtained (71.9%). The behavior survey was received from 182 of those completing the attitude survey (79.1%). A causal model was constructed predicting pharmaceutical care behavior/s from pharmacists' self-efficacy, beliefs, evaluations and behavioral control. Behavioral control exerted its effect upon behavior via three pathways and its direct effect on belief was strongest. The only direct predictor of behavior was self-efficacy. The chi2 measure indicated that the model was not a perfect fit (chi2 = 99.24, df = 67, p<0.006), but the goodness of fit index (0.931), adjusted goodness of fit index (0.876), and root mean squared error (0.067) fall within acceptable ranges. Thus, it appears that pharmaceutical care implementation programs which address individual factors singly in providing pharmaceutical care will not be successful. The control pharmacists' perceive over their patient care behaviors in their practice environment is critical. Programs which help pharmacists assess their work environment and determine strategies to impact or reconstruct their environments are required.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The applicability of the theory of planned behavior to the intention to quit smoking across workplaces in southern Taiwan.

An examination of the applicability of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to the intention to quit smoking across workplaces was conducted. Subjects were randomly selected from three workplaces in southern Taiwan. Those from a large public steel-manufacturing company were used for model building, and those from two private auto-parts-manufacturing companies served to cross-validate the model. Eligible subjects were divided into three study samples: a learning sample and two test samples. Three predictors--priority of quitting, past behavior (measured as previous quit attempt), and habit (measured as nicotine dependence)--were added to the TPB model. The results of this study show that TPB based on the learning sample fit well in another sample from the same workplace but poorly in other workplaces. When priority of quitting and past behavior were added to the TPB model, prediction to other workplaces significantly improved. Habit had no significant contribution to the intention to quit in the TPB model. Detailed discussions of the results are provided.

Adult↗