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Ultrasound and neonatal hip screening: the five-year results of a prospective study in high-risk babies.

We present the 5-year results of an ongoing prospective study of static ultrasound scanning for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) to enlarge on and update the findings after the first year of this screening programme. Between January 1988 and December 1992, there were 17,792 births, 2,683 of which had risk factors: 354 babies had abnormal scans. Screening failed in eight cases, two of which were preventable because they had risk factors but were not scanned; however, six cases came from the 85% of babies without risk factors. The incidence of late cases is therefore 0.45 per thousand births. These results indicate that static ultrasound scanning is effective in detecting abnormal hips, but if only the "at risk" group is screened in this way, then there will be an expected rate of late cases of approximately 0.34/1,000. We are concerned with the results of screening (i.e., detection) but not management. We conclude that simple static ultrasound is an effective screening test for DDH but that it should be applied to the whole population and not simply to the "at risk" group.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed2003

Neonatal thyroid screening: methods-efficiency-failures.

Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the major achievements of preventive medicine, as the condition occurs frequently (1/4000 newborns) and results in brain damage if not detected and treated in the first few days of life. Measurement of T4 and/or TSH in dried blood spots collected on the second through fifth days of life are the most widely used methods in screening programs for CH currently. Some children with the disease may be missd in any screening program, however, owing to factors related to the disease itself and the methods employed in its detection, as well as factors ascribed to the element of human error, ie screening errors. The methods employed in newborn screening programs for CH, their efficiency in disease detecetion, and biological factors as well as screening errors leading to missed cases are discussed.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1985

Screening for neonatal isohemolytic anemia in calves.

Anti-erythrocytic immunoglobulins in serum and colostrum of 124 anaplasmosis-vaccinated cows were detected with a saline agglutination test. Positive results were correlated with the occurrence of neonatal isohemolytic anemia (NIA) in calves and were used to predict the occurrence of NIA. The disease was prevented by withholding colostrum from calves with a high potential for NIA.

Agglutination Tests↗