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Results for “Reproducibility”

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PubMed2002

Induced sputum is a reproducible method to assess airway inflammation in asthma.

To evaluate the reproducibility of induced sputum analysis, and to estimate the sample size required to obtained reliable results, sputum was induced by hypertonic saline inhalation in 29 asthmatic subjects on two different days. The whole sample method was used for analysis, and inflammatory cells were counted on cytospin slides. Reproducibility, expressed by intra-class correlation coefficients, was good for macrophages (+0.80), neutrophils (+0.85), and eosinophils (+0.87), but not for lymphocytes (+0.15). Detectable differences were 5.5% for macrophages, 0.6% for lymphocytes, 5.2% for neutrophils, and 3.0% for eosinophils. We conclude that analysis of induced sputum is a reproducible method to study airway inflammation in asthma. Sample sizes greater than ours give little improvement in the detectable difference of eosinophil percentages.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Validity and reproducibility of the Jamar dynamometer in children aged 4-11 years.

PURPOSE: Validity and reproducibility of the Jamar dynamometer were evaluated in children aged 4-11 years. METHOD: Hand grip strength was measured on the dominant side and non-dominant side in 67 patients who had been referred to our specialist centre in the past 3 years because of suspected myopathy. All the patients had had muscle biopsy. Sixteen out of the 67 patients proved to have myopathy, while 51 had no myopathy. The investigator was blinded against the true diagnosis and clinical course of the patients at the time of testing. Validity was assessed by the power to discriminate between patients with and without myopathy, using logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated as a measure of the discriminative power. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) were assessed at a specifically chosen cut-off point. Reproducibility was assessed by evaluating the test-retest reliability in a stratified random sample of 40 patients who returned for remeasurements, using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: AUCs ranged from 0.78 - 0.82. At an Se = 81% cut-off point, Sp varied from 67-73%. ICCs ranged from 0.91-0.93. CONCLUSIONS: The Jamar dynamometer had discriminative power in children with suspected myopathy. Reproducibility was high. The Jamar dynamometer was a good, but not completely accurate, test for myopathy.

Area Under Curve↗

PubMed2007

Reproducibility of free-breathing cardiovascular magnetic resonance coronary angiography.

OBJECTIVE: Contemporary free-breathing non contrast enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated to ascertain the reproducibility of the method for coronary artery luminal dimension measurements. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two healthy volunteers (mean age 32 +/- 7 years, 12 males) without coronary artery disease were imaged at 2 centers (1 each in Europe and North America) using navigator-gated and corrected SSFP CMRA on a commercial whole body 1.5T System. Repeat images of right (RCA, n = 21), left anterior descending (LAD, n = 14) and left circumflex (LCX, n = 14) coronary arteries were obtained in separate sessions using identical scan protocol and imaging parameters. True visible vessel length, signal-to-noise (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) and the average luminal diameter over the first 4 cm of the vessel were measured. Intra-observer, inter-observer and inter-scan reproducibility of coronary artery luminal diameter were determined using Pearson's correlation, Bland-Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). RESULTS: CNR, SNR and the mean length of the RCA, LAD and LCX imaged for original and repeat scans were not significantly different (all p > 0.30). There was a high degree of intra-observer, inter-observer and inter-scan agreements for RCA, LAD and LCX luminal diameter respectively on Bland-Altman and ICC analysis (ICC's for RCA: 0.98. 0.98 and 0.86; LAD: 0.89, 0.89 and 0.63; LCX: 0.95, 0.94 and 0.79). CONCLUSION: In a 2-center study, we demonstrate that free-breathing 3D SSFP CMRA can visualize long continuous segments of coronary vessels with highly reproducible measurements of luminal diameter.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Assessment of breathlessness perception by Borg scale in asthmatic patients: reproducibility and applicability to different stimuli.

In asthmatics, the score of bronchoconstriction-associated breathlessness at 20% fall in forced expiratory volume at first second (FEV1) evaluated on a Borg scale (PS20) is a tool successfully used to measure the perception of symptoms. This prospective laboratory study evaluated the applicability of PS20 to assess the breathlessness induced by ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) and methacholine (M) and its reproducibility. Twenty-two mild and clinically stable asthmatic patients performed UNDW and M challenge tests. The PS20 was calculated by linear interpolation of the last two points of the perception/fall in FEV1 curve of the UNDW and M tests. The reproducibility of PS20 M was assessed by repeating measurements on 2 separate days by 3 weeks. PS20 UNDW and PS20 M did not differ and were respectively 1.82 +/- 1.85 and 2.03 +/- 1.86. They were significantly related (rs=0.63; p<0.01) and the bias between PS20 UNDW and PS20 M was -0.21 with the limits of agreement ranging from -3.2 to 3.6. The intraclass correlation coefficient for repeated measurement of PS20 M was 0.82; the bias between the two measurements was 0.2 with the limits of agreement ranging from -2.8 to 3.2. All patients had a measurable breathlessness perception degree on a Borg scale during both distilled water challenges and methacholine. Asthmatic patients with normal, exaggerated or poor breathlessness perception were also similar for both stimuli. In addition, PS20 showed a good reproducibility and this allows the serial evaluation of patient's breathlessness perception by this technique in clinical settings and in the physiology laboratory.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Analysis of quality control data of eight modern radiotherapy linear accelerators: the short- and long-term behaviours of the outputs and the reproducibility of quality control measurements.

Quality control (QC) data of radiotherapy linear accelerators, collected by Helsinki University Central Hospital between the years 2000 and 2004, were analysed. The goal was to provide information for the evaluation and elaboration of QC of accelerator outputs and to propose a method for QC data analysis. Short- and long-term drifts in outputs were quantified by fitting empirical mathematical models to the QC measurements. Normally, long-term drifts were well (< or =1%) modelled by either a straight line or a single-exponential function. A drift of 2% occurred in 18 +/- 12 months. The shortest drift times of only 2-3 months were observed for some new accelerators just after the commissioning but they stabilized during the first 2-3 years. The short-term reproducibility and the long-term stability of local constancy checks, carried out with a sealed plane parallel ion chamber, were also estimated by fitting empirical models to the QC measurements. The reproducibility was 0.2-0.5% depending on the positioning practice of a device. Long-term instabilities of about 0.3%/month were observed for some checking devices. The reproducibility of local absorbed dose measurements was estimated to be about 0.5%. The proposed empirical model fitting of QC data facilitates the recognition of erroneous QC measurements and abnormal output behaviour, caused by malfunctions, offering a tool to improve dose control.

Calibration↗

PubMed2001

Reproducibility of a non-invasive real-time measure of cardiac parasympathetic activity.

The NeuroScope is a new device which produces a continuous real-time index of cardiac parasympathetic activity (the CIPA) and accurately measures RR intervals. The reproducibility of the CIPA has not yet been assessed. This study was designed to assess the reproducibility of a 5 minute recording of the CIPA using the NeuroScope and compare it with that of conventional heart rate variability (HRV) measures. 50 subjects (31 male, 19 female) aged 21-77 years were recruited. 11 of these were apparently healthy and 39 were patients with a variety of cardiological problems. Two 5 minute recordings of CIPA and RR intervals for each subject were made with a 2-3 minute break between recordings. The limits of agreement for the CIPA were such that the second estimate was between 72 and 140% of the first estimate, 95% of the time. The limits of agreement for other indices of HRV, namely SDNN, rMSSD, In low-frequency HRV and In high-frequency HRV, were 61-157%, 68-153%, 77-131% and 76-133%. The short-term reproducibility of a 5 minute recording of CIPA is moderate and better than simple time-domain but not frequency-domain measures of HRV.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Measurement of renal anatomy for prediction of lower-pole caliceal stone clearance: reproducibility of different parameters.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The architecture of the lower renal pole seems to have a considerable influence on caliceal stone clearance after different therapeutic modalities. The published data are partially inconsistent, and publications on reproducibility are completely lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of different measures of lower-calix anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of parameters describing the lower-pole anatomy that are significant for treatment outcome. Forty renal units without urologic disease were analyzed by five independent urologists. Infundibular length (IL), infundibular width (IW), and lower infundibulopelvic angles (LIP) were measured by the Elbahnasy (LIP I), Keeley (LIP II), and Gupta (LIP III and LIP IV) methods. Statistical analysis of each parameter and investigator was performed. RESULTS: All LIP angles showed low interobserver correspondence: correlation coefficients (CC) did not exceed 0.44 (P < 0.05). Even the relatively clearly defined parameters IW and IL achieved CCs of only 0.63 and 0.49, respectively. The intraobserver correlation achieved better results: 0.73 (LIP I), 0.84 (LIP II), 0.73 (LIP III), 0.65 (LIP IV), 0.88 (IL), and 0.82 (IW). With the Elbahnasy method, almost all renal units were classified as favorable for stone persistence after shockwave lithotripsy. With the Keeley and Gupta methods, more than 50% of the kidneys were defined as having low clearance probability. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of the chosen parameters is difficult and shows high interobserver variation. Inexperience in measuring the specific angles and low imaging quality can limit correct evaluation. The large number of kidneys with anatomy inappropriate for clearance of lower-pole stones may explain the poor outcome of shockwave treatment for stones in a lower calix. Prospective studies will determine the clinical value of anatomic assessments.

Humans↗

PubMed2004

Intraobserver, interobserver, and day-to-day reproducibility of quantitative 99mTc-HYNIC annexin-V imaging in head and neck carcinoma.

RATIONALE: For clinical application, a sufficient reproducibility of 99mTc-HYNIC annexin-V quantitative uptake measurements must be demonstrated to allow a study of cell-death changes induced by chemotherapy over time and intersubject. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate the intra-, inter-, and day-to-day reproducibility of quantitative 99mTc-HYNIC annexin-V tumor uptake values in patients suffering from head and neck carcinomas. METHODS: Thirteen (13) patients suffering from clinically suspected, histologically confirmed squamous head and neck carcinomas were prospectively included in the study. All patients were scheduled to undergo a spiral computed tomography scan and two 99mTc-HYNIC annexin-V scintigraphies within 3-5 days from each other, referred to as day 1 and day 2 of scintigraphy. The percentage of uptake of the injected dose of 99mTc-HYNIC annexin-V in tumor lesions on scintigrams divided by the tumor volume, as derived from CT, was determined twice within an interval of 2 weeks by observer 1 and once by observer 2 on day 1 of scintigraphy and once on day 2 of scintigraphy by observer 1. RESULTS: The mean of the difference for the intra-, inter-, and day-to-day measurements were -3.4%, 2.4%, and -6%, respectively. No systematic bias was observed for the mean of the differences for the intra-, inter-, and day-to-day measurements. The respective confidence intervals for the mean of the differences of intra-, inter-, and day-to-day variability were -8.2%-1.4%, -2.9%-7.8%, and -14.7%-2.7%. CONCLUSION: The reproducibility of quantitative 99mTc-HYNIC annexin-V tumor uptake measurements using a manual method appears to be acceptable for clinical use.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Prospective evaluation of accuracy, precision, and reproducibility of an at-home hemoglobin A1c sampling kit.

BACKGROUND: The measurement of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is critical to the optimal therapeutic management of diabetes. To be most useful, the HbA1c value should be available at the clinical visit. Recently, a number of at-home sampling kits have been developed that facilitate the timely availability of HbA1c results. This is a report of the accuracy, precision (among-subject), and reproducibility (within-subject) of one such kit, B-D A1c, At-Home-Test, which combines a filter paper technique for spotting capillary blood with an immunoturbidometric assay (a variation of the Cobas Integra Hemoglobin A1c method also referred to as Roche Unimate). METHODS: The B-D A1c At-Home test kit was evaluated in a clinical trial using 1625 dried blood spot samples from 59 subjects diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes collected in an in-clinic setting. Data for replicate samples were compared against those from the standard Cobas Integra Hemoglobin A1c assay and from the BioRad Variant high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] assay. The effects of subjecting the dried spotted blood samples to prolonged elevated temperatures was evaluated in a separate laboratory analysis. RESULTS: The B-D A1c At-Home results, which are highly correlated with the standard Cobas Integra Hemoglobin A1c assay, (r2 = 94.7%), demonstrate excellent within-subject reproducibility for 3- to 10-day-old samples (coefficient of variation = 2.7%), and provide a coefficient of variation for among-subjects that is 3.9%. There were no clinically significant differences (i.e., < 0.3 units) in samples aged 3 to 10 days, between venous or capillary blood samples, or from freezing and thawing or prolonged exposure of B-D A1c At-Home dried blood samples to elevated temperatures before assay. CONCLUSIONS: The B-D A1c At-Home kit combines the accuracy, precision, and reproducibility of a clinical laboratory test with the convenience of at-home sample collection. This product may add to the convenience of both patient and health care provider by making it easier for patients to obtain their HbA1c values and have them available at their visit to the clinician.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Issues in reproducibility and validity of dietary studies.

Numerous factors affect the reproducibility and validity of dietary assessment questionnaires. Although the respondents' abilities to respond accurately are most frequently discussed as the cause of apparently poor reproducibility and validity, many other factors are as important and perhaps more important. Most of these other factors are under the control of the investigator, and thus are amenable to improvement. Factors which may affect reproducibility included the degree of variability permitted by the instrument, the error-proneness of the response format, quality control of coding and keying and real dietary change in the time between the two administrations of the questionnaire. Factors affecting real or apparent validity include respondent characteristics, questionnaire design and quantification, quality control, and the adequacy of the reference data. The implications of inadequate reference data are illustrated and discussed.

Humans↗

PubMed1994

Reproducible measurement of postprandial energy expenditure in young healthy males.

The reproducibility of measurements of postprandial energy expenditure (PEE) was determined by assessing, for 345 min, the diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) of a 4055-kJ mixed meal in 10 lean young men on four occasions. The DIT was determined by using either a 20-min premeal baseline metabolic rate (method 1) or a single resting metabolic rate (RMR) measured on a separate day (method 2). The DIT, in kilojoules, for a given subject calculated by method 1 varied significantly between occasions, CV 15.4% (P < 0.05). The D peak (PEE peak minus baseline) did not vary significantly between the four trials (CV 13%). The results obtained by using method 2 were much more reproducible for both the DIT (CV 4.2%) and the D peak (CV 4.8%). Thus, the reproducibility of the PEE measurement is enhanced by using an RMR measured on a separate day and by using the postprandial peak value instead of the DIT.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Reproducibility and validity of the Diet Quality Index Revised as assessed by use of a food-frequency questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: The Diet Quality Index Revised (DQI-R) is a dietary assessment instrument based on 10 dietary recommendations reflecting dietary guidelines and policy in the United States. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the reproducibility and validity of the DQI-R as measured by use of food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs). DESIGN: Diet was assessed separately by two FFQs at a 1-y interval and by two 1-wk diet records. DQI-R scores were computed from each method. Venous blood specimens were collected for measurement of dietary biomarkers. Participants (n = 127) were men aged 40-75 y in a validation study of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. RESULTS: Mean DQI-R scores were 69.5 for FFQ-1, 67.2 for FFQ-2, and 62.0 for the diet records out of a possible score of 100. The reproducibility correlation for the 2 FFQ scores was 0.72. Correlations between scores for each of the 2 FFQs and diet records were 0.66 (FFQ-1) and 0.72 (FFQ-2). DQI-R scores from FFQ-2 were directly correlated with plasma biochemical measurements of alpha-carotene (r = 0.43, P < 0.0005), beta-carotene (r = 0.35, P < 0.005), lutein (r = 0.31, P <0.005), and alpha-tocopherol (r = 0.25, P < 0.05) and were inversely correlated with plasma total cholesterol (r = -0.22, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate reasonable reproducibility and validity of the DQI-R as assessed by an FFQ. Future studies are needed to examine whether this index and other instruments of diet quality can reliably predict disease outcomes.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Assessment of cervicovaginal smear adequacy. The Bethesda System guidelines and reproducibility.

Criteria for assessing adequacy of cervicovaginal smears according to the Bethesda System include cellular composition and quantity, specimen preservation, fixation, and absence of obscuring elements. The reproducibility of adequacy assessment using these parameters was the focus of this study. Specimens were chosen to include a wide spectrum of clinical history and adequacy interpretations, but excluded cases with epithelial abnormalities and those judged "limited" because of insufficient transformation zone component. The 114 specimens were independently evaluated twice by five reviewers, with interceding randomization. Full interobserver concordance was obtained in 50.4% of cases, with consensus reached by three or more observers in 97.4% of cases. Of 2280 paired interpretations, 74% (1692) concurred. Pairwise kappa values for interobserver agreement ranged from .71 to .54 (very good to fair), with overall kappa = .61. Interobserver agreement for each category was near excellent for "satisfactory" (kappa = .73), good for "unsatisfactory" (kappa = .63), and only fair for "satisfactory but limited" (kappa = .48). Paired intraobserver reproducibility (agreement for two separate readings by the same observer) ranged from 69% to 77% (average, 74%), with good to fair kappa values (.66-.51). These findings indicate that the specimen adequacy guidelines of the Bethesda System provide good inter- and intraobserver reproducibility. The "satisfactory but limited" category appears to show the lowest concordance. Problem areas include evaluation of adequate minimum cellularity and estimation of number of cells obscured.

Female↗

PubMed1989

A randomized and blinded comparison of the sensitivity and the reproducibility of the Ivy and Simplate II bleeding time techniques.

The authors compared the sensitivity and the reproducibility of the bleeding time techniques according to Ivy and Simplate II. The sensitivity was studied in two groups: one group of 64 healthy volunteers and another group of 40 patients with various disorders of hemostasis, including 28 patients with Von Willebrand's disease. Ivy and Simplate II bleeding times were performed on each subject. The reproducibility was studied in 48 patients with mildly or moderately prolonged bleeding times that resulted from various disorders who had a duplicate Ivy or a duplicate Simplate II bleeding time. All subjects were randomized over the technologists and they were blinded for each other's results. By a receiver operating characteristic analysis, the Ivy method appeared to offer greater overall detection efficacy than the Simplate II method. For the Ivy method, the standard deviation of the ratios of the duplicate bleeding times was 0.37 and for the Simplate II method it was 0.33. The authors conclude that the Simplate II method is not superior in sensitivity or reproducibility to the Ivy method, which is cheaper, takes less time, and does not leave scars.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Quality assurance and reproducibility of high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis and silver staining in polyacrylamide gels.

Qualitative data from high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) have become clinically useful in immunoglobulin clonality analysis, in resolution of ambiguities in immunofixation typing of paraproteins, and in genetic typing of serum proteins. Since 1986, the authors have been evaluating the College of American Pathologists Reference Preparation for Serum Proteins (RPSP) as a quality control material for 2DE because (1) it is prepared exclusively from pooled human sera, (2) the pool yields a reference pattern of mixed heterozygosity for genetic markers, and (3) RPSP is widely available as a lyophilized preparation that currently serves in the authors' laboratory as a qualitative quality control preparation and that may become a quantitative quality control material or external quality assessment material for 2DE. Using the ISO-DALT 2DE system and silver-staining, the peptide patterns were examined in 11 lots of RPSP and compared with fresh serum and with each other. Consistent differences in the 2DE pattern between RPSP and fresh serum included the presence of freeze-thaw peptides, the presence of degradation spots of apolipoprotein A-I, and the diminution of apolipoprotein spot intensities in RPSP. All lots of RPSP yielded clear identification of the eight serum proteins used for quality control calculations. Run-to-run coefficients of variation for a single lot of RPSP for four parameters of 2DE spot location and gradient reproducibility were comparable with band location reproducibility for the one-dimensional procedures of serum protein electrophoresis and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme electrophoresis. It is concluded that the reproducibility, that is, imprecision, of 2DE is the same as one-dimensional clinical electrophoresis techniques and that either RPSP or pooled fresh serum can serve as a satisfactory internal quality control material.

Blood Protein Electrophoresis↗

PubMed2002

Reproducibility of a self-administered lifetime physical activity questionnaire among female college alumnae.

Recent epidemiologic evidence suggests that lifetime physical activity is an important factor in the development of many chronic diseases. The authors assessed the reproducibility of a self-administered physical activity questionnaire designed to assess the duration, frequency, and intensity of lifetime household and recreational activities. The study was conducted among 134 female college alumnae from two colleges in western Massachusetts who were aged 39-65 years in 1998. A modified version of the Historical Leisure Activity Questionnaire was used to assess physical activity over four prior age periods (menarche to 21 years and 22-34, 35-50, and 51-65 years). The questionnaire was administered to participants by mail twice 1 year apart. The intraclass correlation coefficients used to measure reproducibility were 0.82 for total lifetime physical activity, 0.80 for lifetime moderate-intensity activities, 0.86 for lifetime vigorous-intensity activities, 0.87 for lifetime recreational activities, and 0.78 for lifetime household activities. Correlations were 0.73 for total activity during the earliest prior age period (menarche to 21 years), 0.70 for ages 22-34 years, 0.78 for ages 35-50 years, and 0.83 for ages 51-65 years. These data indicate that this physical activity questionnaire is reproducible and provides a useful measure of average lifetime activity.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire by cognition in an older biracial sample.

It is not currently known how dietary assessment in older persons is affected by cognition. In a 1997-2000 study, the authors assessed the validity and reproducibility of a modified Harvard self-administered food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) among 118 Black and 114 White randomly selected participants, aged 68-99 years, of the Chicago Health and Aging Project. Participants completed multiple 24-hour dietary recall interviews (mean=3.6) over 12 months and two SFFQs in the first and 12th months. The average energy-adjusted intraclass correlation coefficient for 15 nutrients was 0.59 for 1-year reproducibility in nutrient intake levels assessed by the SFFQ. The average energy-adjusted Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.46 for comparative validity between nutrient intake levels on the SFFQ and the dietary recalls. SFFQ reproducibility was higher among men, and comparative validity with the dietary recalls was higher among women. There were no remarkable differences in the correlations by age, race, educational level, presence of chronic conditions, or cognitive ability. The modified Harvard SFFQ is a reasonable method of dietary assessment even in a population of older persons, some of whom are at advanced age, have chronic health conditions, and have cognitive impairment.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1993

Accuracy and reproducibility of 30 devices for self-measurement of arterial blood pressure.

Thirty commercially available noninvasive devices for self-measurement of blood pressure were tested for accuracy and reproducibility against intraarterial measurement in 15 normotensive and 15 hypertensive subjects. For reference to outpatient measurements, a standard sphygmomanometer was included. Analysis of the data for any device was performed according to a statistical model in which two types of errors, representing accuracy and reproducibility, were distinguished: offset (mean difference between intraarterial measurement and device) and standard deviation (comprising intraindividual and interindividual variability). Linearity of the devices was analyzed by linear regression with intraarterial measurement as independent variable. The average offset of all tested devices amounted to 11.7 mm Hg (ranging from -0.2 to 21.4 between instruments) for systolic blood pressure and -1.6 mm Hg (range -11.4 to 8.1) for diastolic blood pressure. The standard deviation between instruments ranged from 7.0 to 15.4 mm Hg for systolic and from 3.3 to 16.0 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure. Except for the devices based on the oscillometric principle, most (semi-) automated devices demonstrated a variability similar to the mercury sphygmomanometer (offset = 14.3 for systolic and 0.1 mm Hg for diastolic pressure; standard deviation = 7.5 for systolic and 5.6 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure). Devices based on the oscillometric principle had a significantly larger variability. It is concluded that new devices should be tested for accuracy and reproducibility before application for clinical use. Blood pressure measurements from instruments with larger offset are only comparable to values from other instruments after rescaling in accordance with their offset.

Adult↗