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Results for “Root Resorption”

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PubMed2003

Model of age estimation based on dental factors of unknown cadavers among Iranians.

Two hundred and ten cadavers ranging in age from 25 to 60 were studied. Thirty subjects from each five-year interval were selected, and data were collected using the mandibular anterior and premolar teeth after extraction. Sections ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 mm were measured by a stereo microscope with a precision of 0.1 mm. The following factors were determined: attrition, periodontosis, root resorption, secondary dentine apposition, cementum apposition, and translucency of the root. Statistical analysis used the sum of ranks of the dental factors as an independent variable in a linear regression model to estimate the age of the cadaver. Among the different mandibular teeth, the sum of ranks of the first premolar factors had the best correlation coefficient with age. The sum of the dental factors presented a better model than each of the factors alone. The first premolar is recommended as the first step in the estimation of age.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Esthetic restoration with orthodontic traction and single-tooth implant: case report.

This case report describes the use of orthodontic traction to recover soft tissue lost around a maxillary right central incisor with major external root resorption associated with severe gingival recession. Traction of the residual root for 1 month produced a gingival appearance in harmony with the adjacent teeth. After the placement of an implant, a correct emergence profile was obtained, giving an optimal esthetic outcome. After a 3-year follow-up, complete regeneration of soft tissue persisted around the implant-supported crown.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Multispecialty team management of a case with impacted maxillary permanent canines.

A fifteen-year-old Chinese girl presented with unerupted maxillary permanent canines impacted against the roots of the central incisors, causing malalignment of the maxillary incisors. The canines were fully formed and their apices closed. The potential path of eruption of the canines contraindicated surgical exposure, followed by orthodontic traction. It was decided to transplant the impacted canines to their normal positions, and then align the maxillary anterior teeth, using a fixed orthodontic appliance. The transplantations and the orthodontic treatment were successful, and neither transplant showed signs of root resorption, periodontal pockets, mobility, or pain, three years after surgery. Root canal therapy was performed on the canines after transplantation, because their apices were closed. They were stained by the amalgam in the access cavities, but both responded well to nonvital bleaching using 30 percent H2O2.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Short root anomaly in families and its association with other dental anomalies.

In the present study, we collected a family series with short root anomaly in order to analyze the inheritance pattern of the condition. Another aim was to identify in these families an association with other dental anomalies, such as tooth agenesis, peg-shaped lateral incisors, supernumeraries, ectopia, and such morphological characteristics as invaginations, taurodontism, and a tendency to root resorption. Mesiodistal dimensions of the crowns of the affected teeth were measured in order to reveal any association with reduction or increase in tooth size. The apparent genetic heterogeneity of the pedigrees did not permit definitive conclusions as to the mode of inheritance. Autosomal dominant transmission of short root anomaly was seen in 3/8 families. In 2/8 families, the condition was seen in siblings but not in parents. An association with tooth agenesis and ectopic canines was noted, the prevalences of which were 46% and 33%, respectively. We stress the importance of not misdiagnosing this anomaly as resorption.

Anodontia↗

PubMed1989

[Studies on factors causing tooth resorption. 2. Dose-response effects of indomethacin on resorption of deciduous teeth in rabbits].

The aim of the present study was to confirm whether prostaglandin (PGs) had any connection with physiological root resorption. 16 young rabbits aged 7 days which had been in utero for 32 days were used and were divided into 4 groups. The control group was injected with normal saline solution, and the experimental groups were injected with indomethacin, a specific inhibitor of PGs synthetase, in doses of 0.1 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 10.0 mg/kg every 12 hours for 5 days, respectively. All animals were sacricfied at 11 days postnatal. Their maxillary deciduous incisors were embedded in paraffin and sectioned serially in 7 mus thickness. The number of odontoclasts appearing on the root surface were counted, and the volume of the maxillary deciduous incisor was measured. The results were as follows: 1. The readings of the odontoclasts appearing in the control group was 260.3 +/- 60.1, and those of the experimental groups injected with 0.1 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 10.0 mg/kg indomethacin were 249.0 +/- 32.2, 199.5 +/- 15.1 (P less than 0.05 one sided test) and 163.8 +/- 40.0 (P less than 0.01), respectively. The number of odontoclasts was reduced linearly as the logarithmic dose of indomethacin increased. 2. As far as the volumes of the maxillary deciduous incisors were concerned, that of the group with 10.0 mg/kg was significantly greater than that of the group with 0.1 mg/kg (P less than 0.05). In comparison with the control and the experimental group, the volume of the 10.0 mg/kg group was greater than the others, but statistical differences were not found.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Root-crown ratios of permanent teeth in a healthy Finnish population assessed from panoramic radiographs.

An unfavourable root-crown (R/C) ratio caused by short dental roots may result from a developmental deficiency, root resorption after orthodontic treatment, or dental trauma. In the assessment of root shortening, subjective grading has often been used. For objective tooth measurements, varying materials and methods may make the results impossible to compare. This study used a simple, objective method to assess the R/C ratio (relative root length) of mature permanent teeth from panoramic radiographs (PRGs), tested its reproducibility and calculated the mean values of R/C ratios and their variations in a healthy Caucasian (Finnish) population. Two thousand seven hundred and seventy-nine teeth were measured on 108 PRGs. The intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of the assessment method was good (Pearson correlation coefficients 0.87 and 0.83, respectively; P < 0.001) and the mean R/C ratios did not differ between the repeated measurements (P > 0.05). The biological variance in all cases exceeded the error variance for each tooth. These facts suggest that the method reported in this study can be used in the assessment of the relative root length of 'normal' teeth and its alterations in teeth with developmental or acquired aberrations of dental roots. Males, overall, tended to have higher R/C ratios than females; P-values varied from non-significant to less than 0.01. With the exception of the permanent lateral incisors in males and the permanent second molars in both genders, the ratios of the antagonist teeth were significantly greater in the mandible than in the maxilla (P < 0.05 for the lateral incisors of females; P < 0.001 for all other teeth). Consequently, in quantifying root shortening in developmentally short-rooted teeth, tooth- and gender-specific reference values should be employed. The Finnish R/C data reported here for all teeth except third molars could be used for comparison with other populations, patient groups or individuals where crown-root aberrations are suspected.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Effect of root surface alterations on periodontal healing. II. Citric acid treatment of the denuded root.

A companion study reported that new connective tissue attachment did not occur to a surgically denuded root surface when transplanted into a normal periodontium. It was the purpose of this study to evaluate periodontal healing adjacent to a citric acid treated denuded root surface. In four squirrel monkeys, 12 teeth were extracted and reimplanted after surgical denudation and citric acid conditioning of the coronal root surface. The study design provided three teeth for histologic analysis at 1, 3, 7 and 21 days after reimplantation. One and 3 days after reimplantation a zone of fibrin containing inflammatory cells and erythrocytes was interposed between the root surface and remaining periodontal fibers. The fibrin network appeared to be attached to the root surface by arcade-like formations. The apical termination of the epithelium was located at the coronal extent of the fibrin zone. Granulation tissue and new fibers were aggregating along and perpendicular to the root surface at 7 days, and new connective tissue attachment had been established at 21 days. Extensive root resorption was present along the intra-alveolar part of the root surface. Epithelium had not migrated apically along the denuded root surfaces. The results indicated that citric acid treatment of denuded root surfaces resulted in new connective tissue attachment, and the response appeared to be dependent upon early establishment of fibrin linkage with the root surface.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Allotransplantation and autotransplantation of mature teeth in monkeys: the influence of endodontic treatment.

This study investigated the effect of endodontic treatment on root resorption of autotransplanted and allotransplanted mature teeth in unmatched monkeys. The material comprised 40 mature maxillary central incisors in 20 green Vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Teeth were either allotransplanted or autotransplanted in pairs of monkeys matched only for the size of the root. Endodontic treatment was performed at random peroperatively with gutta percha and Kerr sealer in 10 of each of the 20 autografts and 20 allografts. The extra-alveolar period was 18 minutes in all groups. Histometric analysis, which included registration of surface and inflammatory and replacement resorption (ankylosis), was done on serial sections of the grafts 8 weeks after transplantation. Endodontic treatment almost completely reduced inflammatory resorption in both allotransplanted and autotransplanted mature teeth (p less than 0.01). Peroperative endodontics elicited a small increase in ankylosis in autografts. In allografts, it unmasked a high amount of ankylosis, presumably primarily due to alloimmune reactions against the donor periodontal ligament, leaving only a small portion of normal ligament almost exclusively located along the cervical region of the root surface. Downgrowth of periodontal pocket epithelium was limited in all groups.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Attachment loss in primary molars.

The view that primary teeth are only rarely affected by periodontitis has been generally adopted. The aim of the present work was to measure attachment loss and to establish its prevalence, severity and distribution in stained, extracted primary molars. The material consisted of 4 groups of 50 teeth each: first and second upper and first and second lower primary molars. Teeth were selected to fulfil 2 criteria: (1) a carious cavity not extending beyond the cemento-enamel junction and involving only 1 of the proximal surfaces, the other 3 surfaces being sound; (2) root resorption, if present, not affecting more than the apical third of the roots. The teeth were stained in 1% aqueous crystal violet and examined under a stereomicroscope fitted with an ocular micrometer. The distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the most coronal attachment fibres was measured in the mid-line of each surface. Attachment loss was found in 94% of the teeth and on 2/3 of the surfaces. This indicates that periodontitis in primary teeth is not a rare phenomenon. The mean loss of attachment was 0.26 +/- 0.32 mm, which cannot be regarded as clinically important. The maxillary molars and the first molars, and, the proximal surfaces showed more loss of attachment than did the mandibular molars and the second molars, and the buccal and lingual surfaces taken together. This pattern of attachment loss is similar to that seen in permanent molars. On the carious proximal surfaces, significantly more attachment loss was noted than on the sound proximal surfaces.

Connective Tissue↗

PubMed1985

Healing following reimplantation of teeth subjected to root planing and citric acid treatment.

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of citric acid treatment on periodontal healing around teeth which were extracted, root planed and then reimplanted. Maxillary incisors and mandibular incisors, premolars and molars of 5 monkeys were used. The teeth were divided into 3 experimental groups. In 1 group, the teeth were extracted and immediately reimplanted into their own sockets. In a 2nd group, the teeth were extracted, root planed to a level corresponding to 50-75% of the root length and then reimplanted. In the 3rd group, periodontal breakdown extending to 50-75% of the root length was first induced by placing orthodontic elastic ligatures around the teeth. They were then extracted and root planed and transplanted into the sockets of the contralateral, periodontally healthy teeth which had just been extracted. Half the number of the teeth of groups 2 and 3 were treated with citric acid before reimplantation or transplantation. The animals were sacrificed after 6 months of healing. The jaws were removed and histological specimens prepared for microscopic examination. With the exception of a limited coronal regrowth of new cementum in the apical part of the planed portion of a few roots, connective tissue attachment failed to reform on most root surfaces deprived of their periodontal ligament tissue. Healing was most frequently characterized by root resorption and ankylosis. These were the most predominant features of healing both on root surfaces which had been deprived of the ligament tissue by mechanical means or during a course of experimentally-induced periodontal disease, and occurred in citric acid as well as non-citric acid treated roots. The findings imply that the result of healing following tooth reimplantation or transplantation is determined by the type of cells that repopulate the wound area adjacent to the denuded root surface.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Mapping of the radiographic central point of feline dental resorptive lesions.

Intraoral dental radiographs of 217 cats presented for dental treatment were examined. Radiographic signs of dental resorptive lesions were identified in 107 cats, and the apparent central point of each lesion was mapped on a diagram of the tooth. Mapping was only possible on maxillary and mandibular canine teeth and on mandibular third premolar, fourth premolar, and first molar teeth. Resorptive lesions were most common on the molar teeth (n = 103) and maxillary canine teeth (n = 96), and least common on fourth premolar teeth (n = 56). Resorptive lesions on premolar and molar teeth were widely scattered, noted more commonly in the coronal portions of the root. Resorptive lesions in canine teeth had a tendency to be located more apically on the roots.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Additional studies on the distribution of stresses during vertical compaction of gutta-percha in the root canal.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the effect of certain pathological alterations of the dental structures (diminishing bone support, internal resorption, root perforation, periapical lesion) on stress distribution during root canal filling procedures by the warm vertical compaction technique. DESIGN: The computer stress analyses were done for a maxillary canine tooth model which was based on dimensions recovered from a human cadaveric maxilla scanned by CT. METHODS: The finite element method was used to calculate the stresses generated during root canal filling procedures by warm vertical compaction technique. Patterns of stress distribution associated with various alterations in dental structures were investigated. For this purpose 60 cases were simulated. The hypothetical force of 10 N is taken as a unit representation. For other magnitudes of applied force, the corresponding stresses would be scaled directly because the calculations were made for linear materials. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It is found that, when diminishing bone support and internal resorption are concurrently simulated, a marked increase in stress magnitudes occur (maximum von Mises stress 5.37 N/mm2). However, these values still remain much below the most frequently reported tensile strength of dentine (50-100 N/mm2). If dentist's handwork is transformed into equivalent edge tractions on gutta-percha, then stresses in dentine, even when they are corrected for 3-kg applied force, appear to remain below fracture strengths of this material. This result leads us to conclude that when warm vertical compaction technique is skillfully performed and inadvertent undue force is not applied, a premature root fracture in a large rooted maxillary anterior tooth with straight root canal anatomy is not likely to occur, even for the unfavourable conditions simulated in our model. This result, like all results derived from modelling applications, is of course contingent upon agreement between the way in which the clinical operations are performed and the way in which they are mirrored for computer representation. We believe that the approach described here avoids the spurious stresses that have been reported in similar investigations.

Computer Simulation↗

PubMed1985

Characteristics of premaxillary hyperodontia. A radiographic study.

Among 63,029 patients admitted to Department of Oral Radiology, University of Oslo, 900 had a total of 1153 supernumerary teeth located to the premaxillary region. Characteristics of the supernumeraries were predominance in males, predominance in the permanent dentition, predominant location in the central incisor region, and predominant position palatally to the dental arch, vertically oriented, half of them inverted. Interference with the normal dentition included malposition, diastema, maleruption, and resorption. Sequelae included widened follicular space, dentigerous cyst formation, dental pulp necrosis, pulp canal obliteration, root resorption, and ankylosis. Nearly 60% of the patients had radiographic or clinical signs of interference with the normal dentition or of associated complications.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Dentin sialoprotein and phosphoprotein induce neutrophil recruitment: a mechanism dependent on IL-1beta, TNF-beta, and CXC chemokines.

Dentin is a reservoir of several potentially active molecules, and dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP) are the two major non-collagenous proteins. It has been established that dentin molecules are released as a consequence of osteoclast action during the resorption process. Along with osteoclasts, inflammatory cells seem to play an important role at sites of root resorption. Although the role of dentin molecules in dentinogenesis is well known, their role in pathological processes associated with dentin matrix dissolution is unclear. Recent studies have suggested that dentin components may function as chemotactic and activator signals for inflammatory cells at these sites. Herein we present evidence that demineralized dentin crude extract, DSP, and DPP induced doseand time-dependent neutrophil migration into the peritoneal cavity of mice and that this activity was inhibited by dexamethasone, but not by indomethacin or MK886. The blockade of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptors inhibited neutrophil accumulation. The neutrophil migration was also diminished in the absence of the chemokines cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (KC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), but not in the absence of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha). These results demonstrate that dentin induces neutrophil migration via the synthesis of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and chemokines and they suggest that dentin matrix proteins may have an active role in inflammatory cell recruitment during pathological processes associated with dentin and bone matrix dissolution.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Results of transplanting developing third molars as part of orthodontic space management. Part 1: clinical and radiographic results.

PATIENTS AND METHOD: The aim of the present study was to contribute to a more accurate indication and better integration of developing third molar transplantation into orthodontic space management, using the results gleaned from the authors' own pool of patients. For this purpose, a clinical and radiographic examination of 61 transplanted developing molars in 57 patients was carried out after an average of 3.3 years. RESULTS: The overall success rate was 85%. Failure was due in 10% of cases to impaired periodontal healing (inflammatory root resorption, ankylosis, or increased pocket probing depths) and in 5% of cases to insufficient or arrested postoperative root development accompanied by increased transplant mobility. The incidence of postoperative cessation of further root development was significantly higher (p = 0.011) in transplants at early developmental stages, which also had a negative impact on the final root length, the crown-root ratio and the mobility values of these transplants. CONCLUSIONS: The transplantation of developing third molars should be given stronger consideration in treatment plans for orthodontic space management although it represents a real alternative to orthodontic space closure only in exceptional cases. However, unlike implantological or prosthodontic treatment, it offers an opportunity to replace a missing or non-retainable tooth with a patient's own vital and fully functional tooth, provided the appropriate transplant is selected.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Four impacted permanent canines: an unusual case.

Impacted permanent canines in a child, particularly in the maxilla, pose a functional as well as an esthetic concern for the patient and parents alike. Informing the parties involved that all the permanent canines are impacted is, needless to say, a distressful dilemma for the parents and a unique challenge for the orthodontist. The response to the treatment in this case was quite acceptable. All 4 canines were properly aligned with the aid of orthodontic traction and surgical assistance, and now the patient possesses confidence to smile and has enhanced self-esteem. There is no additional cost or burden of prosthesis for the parents, since all 4 impacted canines were successfully positioned, and all are natural and beautiful teeth. The root resorption that occurred may have been the result of the long treatment time or the result of root movement during incisor uprighting, both of which have been associated with this phenomenon. As in many of these cases, proper gingival contours of one of the orthodontically erupted mandibular canines was a problem and may require the service of a periodontist.

Child↗

PubMed1986

Guided tissue regeneration. An experimental procedure in beagle dogs.

This preliminary study examined the healing following an experimental procedure designed to facilitate coronal migration of progenitor cells from the periodontal ligament circumferentially on roots of premolar teeth in beagle dogs. Mucoperiosteal flaps were reflected on the buccal and lingual aspects of premolars in six beagle dogs with periodontal disease. Following root preparation, pieces of orthodontic wire were placed interproximally on the crowns to bridge the spaces between teeth. Biobrane, a synthetic membrane bonded to a knitted nylon fabric and coated with collagen, was placed as a physical barrier between the roots and the flaps to be replaced. The membrane extended as a single piece from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to overlap the crest of alveolar bone by 3 to 4 mm on both the buccal and lingual surfaces of the three premolars in each quadrant. The membrane was attached to the crowns at the CEJ with resin. The flaps were replaced and sutured. Postoperative care included plaque control and the membranes were removed after 5 weeks. The dogs were sacrificed to provide observation periods of 8 and 16 weeks after placement of membranes. Histologic examination revealed new connective tissue attachment in the apical part of the 8- and 16-week experimental specimens. Some experimental specimens showed new attachment up to 2.94 mm while others showed a long junctional epithelium (JE). Root resorption was also seen in some specimens. These preliminary findings suggest that placement of physical barriers between root surface and flaps may be beneficial in facilitating coronal migration of progenitor cells from the periodontal ligament.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Autogenous gingival grafts as epithelial barriers for immediate implants: case reports.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of autogenous gingival grafts as barriers for endosseous implants placed directly into fresh extraction sockets. This study consisted of four patients who presented with hopeless teeth due to endodontic pathology, caries, or root resorption. In all cases, the teeth in question were extracted at the Stage 1 surgery. An endosseous root form implant was immediately placed into the extraction socket in each case. As a consequence of immediate placement, there was a lack of primary closure over the fixture and a large space was present between the fixture and the remaining alveolus. An autogenous gingival graft was sutured in place to cover the fixture and act as a physical barrier to epithelium, food debris, and possibly bacteria. At the Stage 2 surgery, all implants achieved complete osseointegration clinically and radiographically. The results at 16 to 24 months reveal continued success in all four cases. This report demonstrates the potential of autogenous gingival grafts in immediate implant placement. A clinical trial to fully assess the potential of this procedure is recommended.

Adult↗