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PubMed1993

[Instructions for the correct use of zoologically relevant species designations for our domestic and laboratory animals, with reference to the current nomenclature of their breed types].

This study is concerned with the correct use of the scientific zoological nomenclature for domesticated and laboratory animals. With the help of four tables, additionally, the most current latin names of all important domesticated animals (animals of economic importance, ranch-bred animals, companion animals, fancy animals, laboratory animals) are given. The authors suggest a formal nomenclature for domesticated animals which should principally be related to the scientific name of the parent species (binomially and in italics), as always followed by the completion "forma domestica/f. dom." (not in italics). Problems arising from the use of such scientific names when hybridization and introgression is concerned are also discussed, and appropriate nomenclature is proposed.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Role of the fusion peptide sequence in initial stages of influenza hemagglutinin-induced cell fusion.

The fusion activity of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) and of HA proteins altered in the amino terminus of HA2 (fusion peptide) by site-directed mutagenesis (Gething, M.-J., Doms, R. W., York, D., and White, J. (1986) J. Cell Biol. 102, 11-23) was analyzed following expression in CV-1 cells using SV40-HA recombinant virus vectors. Fusion was monitored by the redistribution of lipid and cytoplasmic dyes between fluorescently labeled erythrocytes and HA-expressing CV-1 cells using spectrofluorometry and fluorescence microscopy. The kinetics of lipid redistribution after lowering the pH showed the same pattern for wild type HA and nonlethal mutants, although there were shifts in the pH threshold. The time for commitment to the fusogenic state and the temperature dependence of the processes leading to HA-mediated fusion were also the same for wild type and nonlethal mutants. However, striking differences were observed between wild type HA and the nonlethal mutants in their ability to induce pH-dependent redistribution from erythrocytes to HA-expressing cells of large molecular weight (M(r) > 10,000) fluorescently labeled dextran molecules. The data indicate that the kinetic processes which are measurable in the time range of seconds are insensitive to the structure of the fusion peptide. Surprisingly, however, the fusion peptide plays an important role in later processes related to pore widening which eventually results in delivery of the nucleocapsid into the cell.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fluorescence polarization immunoassay detection of amphetamine, methamphetamine, and illicit amphetamine analogues.

The Abbott Diagnostics Amphetamine/Methamphetamine II and Amphetamine Class reagents were evaluated on the Abbott TDx for cross-reactivity to amphetamine and methamphetamine stereoisomers, several of their metabolites, and various illicit analogues, including 2-methoxyamphetamine, 4-hydroxymethamphetamine, 2,5-dimethoxy-amphetamine (DMA), 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DOB), 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-beta-phenethylamine (BDMPEA), 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine (MDA) N,N-dimethyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine, N-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (N-OH MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine (DOE), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM), and mescaline in concentrations ranging from 100 to 100,000 ng/mL. Results demonstrate the utility of this assay for detection of several of the above compounds; unfortunately many are still not detectable. Significant differences were observed between the Amphetamine/Methamphetamine II and Amphetamine Class reagents, particularly regarding their cross-reactivity to over-the-counter medications. Detection of the drugs amphetamine, methamphetamine, and the illicit analogues is not enhanced with the Amphetamine Class reagents, and unless detection of the over-the-counter compounds is of interest, these reagents are a poor choice compared to the Amphetamine/Methamphetamine II reagents. Cross-reactivity of some of the illicit analogues is such that the assay can reliably be used for the routine screening of these compounds.

Amphetamines↗

PubMed1995

[Defects of the anterior abdominal wall--their prenatal management].

The rate of the congenital malformations: gastroschisis and omphalocele, the prenatal management and the clinical issue were analyzed in a retrospective study during a period from January 1990 till October 1994 in the State Maternity Hospital "Maĭchin dom". The aim of the study was to establish the accuracy of the prenatal sonographic diagnosis of the defects of abdominal wall, the gestational age they were found out, and the perinatal issue of the affected newborn infants. The rate of the abdominal walls defects was 1:1525. They were diagnosed prenatally in 52% of the cases. The fatality rate among the alive-born infants with these malformations was 77%. The frequency of the associated anomalies with defects of the abdominal wall was 71%, which exceeds the mean frequency in Europe and presents one of the most important factors determining the high fatality rate.

Abdominal Muscles↗

PubMed1995

[The sensitivity to the preparation cefotaxime of bacteria isolated from newborn infants].

Four hundred forty-four of S. aureus and 54 strains of E. coli were isolated from the neonates, born during the first six months of 1994 in the Maternity Hospital "Maĭchin dom". They were tested with the antibiotics--ampicilin, cephamandol and cefotaxime. Our results showed that 14.5% of the tested S. aureus were sensitive to ampicilin (e.g. broad-spectrum penicillins) and 85.5% resistant. Twenty percent of the strains E. coli were sensitive to ampicilin and 80% showed resistance. Fourty nine percent of the tested S. aureus were sensitive to cephamandol (a second generation cephalosporine) and 51% were resistant; 46.6% of the isolated strains E. coli were sensitive to cephamandol and 53.4% were resistant. Over 87% of the tested S. aureus were sensitive to cefotaxime, a third generation cephalosporine, and only 13% were resistant. From the tested strains E. coli 92.3% were sensitive to cefotaxime and 7.7% were resistant. The present study proved a high sensitivity of the isolated strains to cefotaxime. In addition this antibacterial drug showed good tolerance by the neonates when given in two doses per day and a lack of suppressive effect on the normal bacterial flora of the intestinal tract of the neonates.

Bacteria↗

PubMed1995

[Our experience with the enteral feeding of low-birth weight infants].

A retrospective study is carried out on preterm babies born under 2000 grams who were treated in the intensive care unit of State Institute Hospital--Maĭchin dom for the period of 1990-1992. The aim of the study is to establish the optimal regime of nutrition for low birth weight infants using the experience in the Intensive Care Unit. The conclusion is made that preterm newborn babies in already stabilized condition have higher gain of weight if they begin to be fed earlier 8 times a day instead of 12 times a day.

Enteral Nutrition↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Vertical and horizontal eye displacement during static pitch and roll postures.

The positions of both eyes were measured objectively in the dark following "look straight ahead" instructions for 16 subjects at 27 combinations of static pitch and roll postures over 360 degrees of space, using an infrared video technique. Shifts in vertical version, or the doll reflex, varied sinusoidally with pitch and roll angle. At 0 degree roll, the average response has a peak-to-trough amplitude of 9.28 degrees and is symmetric about a downward eye position of 4.63 degrees. The proposed Dual Otolith Model (DOM), based on a combination of utricular and saccular inputs, provided excellent fits to the present data (R2 = 0.876) and to the data of previous studies (R2 = 0.916 to 0.994). Deviations in horizontal version varied sinusoidally with roll angle, with no significant effect of pitch angle. In general, clockwise (right-ear-down) rolls produced rightward eye movements, and counterclockwise (left-ear-down) rolls produced leftward eye movements. The average versions were symmetric about a leftward eye position of 1.14 degrees, with a peak-to-trough amplitude of 3.76 degrees. The data were well represented by the proposed Horizontal Version Model (HVM; R2 = 0.796), which depended only on utricular input.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[The effect of final host species on invasive activity of Sobolevicanthus gracilis (Cestoda, Hymenolepididae) oncospheres to intermediate hosts (Ostracoda)].

Two species of ostracods: Heterocypris incongruens and Cypridopsis vidua were used as experimental intermediate hosts for Sobolevicanthus gracilis, with Anas platyrhynchos dom. and Gallus gallus as the two experimental final hosts. Three series of fourth-fold passages: in hens, from hens to ducks, and back into hens--via ostracods--were accomplished. The fourth series of passages--in turn to ducks--was carried out for confirmation the results obtained. The index of infective activity was calculated for each experimental series. It has been stated that the infective activity of oncospheres to H. incongruens differed from final host species to species, being clearly higher in larvae from hens then from ducks. No differences of the index depended on final host species were noticed in relation to C. vidua. The possible explanations of the results are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

[The efficacy and safety of nafarelin in treating genital endometriosis].

A prospective study was carried out a State Institute Hospital "Maĭchin dom" aiming to estimate the efficacy of GnRH-agonist Nafarelin in treating patients with endometriosis. Nafarelin was used by 40 women with endometriosis. The drug was applied as a nasal spray according to a therapeutic scheme and regarding definite criteria. Every patient was followed while using the drug and the following sings were registered: occurrence of amenorrhea, clinical sings, side effects, the period of control lasting for a year after the end of the treatment. In 27 women a quick and long-lasting amenorrhoea was induced with standard doses of the drug, while other 13 needed higher dosage to achieve the same effect. Relief of complaints was registered on 35 women. Improved palpatory status was found in 23 patients. In 4 women the disappearance of endometriomas was confirmed by laparoscopy. The existing side-effects are dos to the appearing hypoestrogenemia. After treatment with Nafarelin, during the period of observation, 5 women got pregnant.

Administration, Intranasal↗

PubMed1996

[Birth injuries to the liver in deceased newborns in relation to the means of delivery].

The study includes all 151 deceased newborns with traumatic subcapsular haemorrhage of the liver for the 3-year period between 1992 and 1994 in the University Maternity Hospital "Maĭchin dom"--Sofia. We compared the frequency and the causes for the hepatic rupture and how they depend on the way of delivery. We established a significantly higher frequency in the group of neonates undergone breech delivery /17.2%/ then in the group with head presentations /5.7%/. In the last group 3 of neonates were born by caesarean section. We conclude that the breech presentation increases the risk of hepatic birth injuries. Other predisposing factors are the perinatal asphyxia and the immaturity.

Birth Injuries↗

PubMed1997

Validity of using non-pilot subjects to represent pilots in a sustained acceleration environment.

BACKGROUND: A preliminary study determined the similarities between the personality of military pilots (transport and fighter) and centrifuge subjects using the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS). Past, similar personality studies have shown differences between military fighter vs. transport pilots, and general population vs. male and female general aviators. To use subjects in lieu of pilots in the centrifuge, they must represent the pilot characteristics of interest, for both ethical and scientific reasons. With the increase in measuring performance metrics (e.g., reaction time, tracking tasks, missile evasion) during centrifuge testing, any factor effecting performance must be explored. It is unknown whether personality effects performance. METHODS: Cluster analysis of 36 pilot and subject personality tests consisted of the Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) program by Leonard Kaufman and Peter Rousseeuw (10) and Ward's method/K-MEANS clustering (CSS:STATISTICA). RESULTS: The clusters generated by the 36 pilots and subjects did not match the Retzlaff and Gibertini (21) clusters. Two clusters were preferred over three, and while the values of the personality variables Dominance, Exhibition, and Aggression (DOM, EXH, AGG) were similar, the pilot membership did not coincide. Subjects had basically the same cluster characteristics as pilots and did not alter the pilot cluster composition characteristics when clustered together. Females did not appear to differ from the males in the cluster analysis. Clustering did not differentiate between fighter and transport pilots using the chosen variables. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results support the hypothesis that there are no major differences in personality between fighter pilots, transport pilots, or centrifuge subjects using the EPPS.

Acceleration↗

PubMed1997

[Skin of the udder in Merino sheep].

The skin of the mammary gland of the merino sheep was investigated on 5 different areas by light microscopical and morphometrical means. The epidermis is continuously developed in the same manner, in which a stratum lucidum is lacking. It contains relatively large melanocytes in pigmented regions. In the sinus inguinalis, in the sulcus intermammarius and in the skin of the middle part of the teat skin it is constantly thick, whereas the epidermis of the mammary complexes and of the teat basis varies strongly and is underlayed by a distinct papillary layer. In general, the arrector pili muscle is poorly present. The skin of the mammary complexes as well as the skin of the sinus inguinalis possess numerous sweat glands, which form associated structures. Due to its strong morphokinesis, frequently occur dom-like cells, enveloped by a net of myoepithelial cells at the periphery. The sebaceous coating of the sinus inguinales does not influence the morphology of the stratified squamous keratinized epithelium.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Adaptational problems and diseases in twins with a gestational age over 32 weeks].

This retrospective study is carried out at the State University Hospital "Maĭchin dom" for the period 1991-1995, including 207 newborns from multiple pregnancies. Babies are divided in two groups according to gestational age: I group--32-37 gestational weeks (123 babies) and II group--over 37 gestational week (84 babies). The majority of babies are born by a normal mechanism, followed by those, delivered by cesarean section and in a small number of cases in the second group, the first twin is born by vacuum extraction, while the second one-by a normal mechanism. Having in mind the Apgar score and pH from umbilical artery, the condition of the newborn depends mostly upon the degree of maturity and less on the way of delivery. Twins in the second group show a definite tendency of intrauterine growth retardation (mean weight below the 10th percentile according to the intrauterine growth charts). A significant part of the neonatal period problems comprise in relative immaturity and intrauterine growth retardation. The analysis of neonatal morbidity shows a prevalence of lung pathology in the 32-37 gest. weeks group, followed by foeto-maternal infection (mostly in the first twin), metabolic and haematological disorders. In the group of twins over 37 weeks of gestation highest is the frequency of adaptation problems, followed by inborn infections. The conclusion is made that newborns from multiple pregnancies are of higher risk for increased morbidity and adaptation problems during the neonatal period.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1998

[Stretching--possibilities and limits].

The basic scientific knowledge about stretching remains incomplete in spite of its wide use in sports and physiotherapy. This article deals with the assessment of the flexibility and with the anatomical and physiological basis and limitations of stretching. The effects of stretching on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), performance and regeneration are discussed. Recommendations are given for stretching as a measure of warming-up and cooling-down, for stretching before exercises, which demand explosive maximum muscle strength, and for stretching after training for strength endurance.

Humans↗

PubMed1997

[The incidence and structure of the congenital malformations in very low birth weight liveborn infants over 1991-1995 at the Maternity Home of the State University Hospital, Sofia].

This retrospective study, performed in University Maternity Hospital "Maĭchin dom"--Sofia for the period 1991-1995, shows that the frequency of congenital malformations among the live born VLBW neonates is approximately 6 times higher than those among newborns, weighing above 1500 g. Central nervous system anomalies occur the first place of the structure of congenital malformations in the first group, followed by anomalies of the cardio-vascular system and polymalformative syndromes. Great malformations are the main reason for dying in the neonatal period in newborns, weighing above 1500 g, while in VLBW infants they come on third place after perinatal asphyxia and intraventricular hemorrhages.

Bulgaria↗

PubMed1997

[Unsuccessful contraception among patients seeking abortion on demand].

We have conducted a prospective study aimed to analyse contraceptive use among women seeking for legal abortion in the State University Hospital "Maĭchin dom"--Sofia. Our date demonstrate that the patients were well informed about the existing contraceptive methods. On the contrary the percentage of women-using contraception and especially those, using highly effective ones is relatively low. The patients claim the possible side effects of the high effective contraception as a reason against use.

Abortion, Legal↗

PubMed1998

Bench stepping and running in women. Changes in fitness and injury status.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate injury rates and changes in VO2peak in women associated with aerobic exercise (bench stepping and running). METHODS: A pretest post-test repeated measures design was used to evaluate changes in VO2peak after training for 10 weeks, 3 days per week, for 1 hour per session. Injury incidence was monitored by questionnaires throughout the training program. SETTING: All testing and training took place at Auburn University Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, USA. PARTICIPANTS: The subjects were women enrolled in university physical activity courses. The exercise groups consisted of 23 women who performed bench exercise and 15 who performed running-jogging. Eleven subjects served as non-exercising controls. INTERVENTION: The 10-week exercise training program served as the intervention. MEASURES: Subjects were both pre- and post-tested for VO2peak by open circuit calorimetry. Body composition was estimated from a 7-site skinfold equation. A daily injury log was maintained to evaluate injury status. RESULTS: A repeated measures ANOVA found similar significant improvements in VO2peak for both the bench and running groups with no change for the control group. An evaluation of the injuries graded II or higher found 0.29 injuries per 100 hrs for the bench group and 0.66 injuries per 100 hrs for the running group. When all complaints were considered (grade I to grade IV) the rates increased to 2.44 per 100 hrs for the running group and 6.09 per 100 hrs for the bench group. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic bench exercise produced similar changes in VO2peak compared to running. The results indicated that the primary injury complaints were grade I and related to delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The bench group experienced an greater incidence of grade I complaints while the running group experienced a slightly greater incidence of more serious grade II or higher injuries.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

[Tumors in childhood and adolescence].

The trial present the results for the incidence and histology of tumours in patients below 18 years, examined at the State University Hospital Maĭchin Dom in Sofia for two consequent periods of 4 years each. An increase is registered in the incidence of neoplastic disease from 1.85% to 3.42%. There is no significant difference in hystological characteristics of the tumours when comparing I and II period: 85.7% versus 77.4% benign tumours (mucous cysts, dermoid ovarian cysts and polyps) and 14.3% versus 22.6% malignant tumours (ill differentiated teratomas, cystadenocarcinomas, dysgerminomas, ovarian embryocarcinomas and rhabdomyosarcomas). Accurate diagnostics requires detailed gynaecological examination, including a rectal one, vaginal probing, vaginal scopia, ultrasound, laparoscopy. Early discovery followed by surgery provides a possibility for adequate and definite treatment.

Adolescent↗