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PubMed1989

Serum testosterone and estradiol 17-beta concentrations in 15 dogs with perineal hernia.

Serum testosterone and estradiol 17-beta concentrations, and serum testosterone-to-estradiol ratio were evaluated in 15 dogs (greater than or equal to 5 years old) with perineal hernia (9 sexually intact males and 6 castrated males) and in 9 clinically normal sexually intact male dogs greater than or equal to 5 years old. There was no significant difference in serum testosterone-to-estradiol ratio between sexually intact male dogs with perineal hernia and clinically normal sexually intact male dogs. In castrated dogs with perineal hernia, serum testosterone concentration and testosterone-to-estradiol ratio were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower, compared with those values in sexually intact dogs with perineal hernia and in clinically normal sexually intact male dogs. There was no significant difference in serum estradiol 17-beta concentration among sexually intact male dogs with perineal hernia, castrated dogs with perineal hernia, and clinically normal sexually intact male dogs. Serum testosterone and estradiol 17-beta concentrations in dogs with perineal hernia did not differ from those values in clinically normal male dogs of the same age. Castration cannot be recommended for the treatment of perineal hernia unless a castration-responsive contributing factor such as prostatomegaly is identified, unless the pelvic diaphragm of dogs with perineal hernia has high sensitivity to normal or low serum testosterone and estradiol 17-beta concentrations, or unless there is documentation that other androgens and/or estrogens are involved.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic, and prognostic characteristics of splenic hemangiosarcoma and splenic hematoma in dogs: 217 cases (1985).

Data on age, sex, and breed were obtained from surgical pathologic records of 92 dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma (SHS) and for 125 dogs with splenic hematoma (SHA) diagnosed in 1985 at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. Further information on body weight, clinical and surgical findings, and survival time was obtained for 59 dogs (64.1%) with SHS and 91 dogs (72.8%) with SHA. Splenic hemangiosarcoma was markedly more common in dogs 8 to 13 years old, and SHA was appreciably more common in dogs greater than or equal to 8 years old, compared with dogs 1 to 7 years old. Compared with sexually intact females, only spayed females were at significantly (odds ratio [or], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 4.1) increased risk for developing SHS; sex predisposition was not found for dogs with SHA. The German Shepherd Dog was the only breed with increased risk for development of either SHS (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.7 to 7.8) or SHA (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.7 to 4.9), compared with all other purebred dogs. Association of tumor type for 7 commonly reported clinical signs with observance of hemoperitoneum at surgery was determined; anorexia (P = 0.01), collapse (P = 0.01), and hemoperitoneum (P less than 0.001) were significantly more common in dogs with SHS. The median survival time for dogs with SHS was 19 days, compared with 338 days for dogs with SHA (P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗

PubMed1988

Systemic lupus erythematosus in a colony of dogs.

A colony of dogs was obtained by the mating of a female German Shepherd Dog crossbred and a male Belgian Shepherd Dog crossbred, both with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The colony also contained 16 dogs representing F1, F2, and F3 generations. Ten colony dogs had circulating antinuclear antibodies, and 5 of the 10 had clinical signs of SLE. Two F3-generation females had signs of severe SLE. Two dogs had antibodies to extractable nuclear antigen, notably 1 dog had antibodies to Smith (Sm) antigen and 1 had antibodies to Sjogren syndrome A (SSA) antigen. Thymulin (serum thymic factor associated with zinc) titers were generally low in the descendants, but fluctuations were detected within the same dog. In vitro response of lymphocytes from these colony dogs to concanavalin A was maximal for lower mitogenic concentrations, compared with response of lymphocytes from 10 healthy dogs. The suppressive lymphocyte activity in 6 autoimmune colony dogs was diminished in comparison with the activity in 5 nonautoimmune colony dogs and 6 healthy dogs.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Pemphigus foliaceus in dogs: a review of 37 cases.

Thirty-seven dogs with pemphigus foliaceus were seen over a span of 9 years in a veterinary medical teaching hospital. Four breeds of dogs (Bearded Collie, Akita, Newfoundland, Schipperke) were at significant elevated risk when compared with both the dermatology canine case population and the hospital canine population. The mean age of onset was 4.2 years. The dorsal part of the muzzle was the most common site of initial involvement in over 50% of the dogs, and lesions of the head were seen first in 81% of the dogs. Disease progression was gradual (greater than 3 months) in 73% of the dogs. Somewhat bilaterally symmetric scaling, crusting, and alopecia were seen in all of the dogs. Vesicles, pustules, and bullae were not seen commonly, but target lesions with peripheral collarettes were seen frequently. Most dogs had characteristic footpad lesions, with erythematous swelling at the pad margins, cracking, and villous hypertrophy. Generalized exfoliative dermatitis was seen in dogs with widespread disease. Pruritus was noted in less than one half of the dogs. Typical histopathologic findings included subcorneal and intragranular cell layer epidermal pustules, or intrafollicular pustules with prominent acantholysis. Direct immunofluorescence in an intercellular pattern was noted in 76% of the dogs tested and indirect immunofluorescence was noted in 75% of a much smaller sample. Thirty-nine percent of the dogs responded to corticosteroid therapy alone, and 50% and 55% responded, respectively, to prednisone and cytotoxic drugs, and to prednisone with aurothioglucose. Aurothioglucose was successful alone in 27% of the dogs. One-year survival was achieved in 53% of the dogs.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Survey of thyroglobulin autoantibodies in dogs.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect autoantibodies to thyroglobulin in dogs with and without clinical evidence of thyroid disease. Autoantibodies were found in 59% of 34 clinically hypothyroid dogs, 43% of 65 dogs with nonthyroidal endocrine diseases, 47% of 64 healthy dogs closely related to antibody-positive canine hospital patients, and 13% of 1,057 canine hospital patients without endocrine disorders. Dogs with bacterial skin disease and alopecia of unknown causes had an increased prevalence of autoantibodies compared with the prevalence of autoantibodies in healthy dogs and dogs with other diseases. Three breeds of dogs, Great Danes, Irish Setters, and Old English Sheepdogs, had an increased occurrence of autoantibodies compared with that in other breeds and dogs of mixed breeding. A familial tendency to thyroid autoimmunity was demonstrated in a group of Great Dane dogs. The occurrence of autoantibodies was not influenced by age or sex. Thyroid function, as assessed by total thyroxine estimation, was depressed in hospitalized dogs compared with the thyroid function in healthy dogs, irrespective of thyroglobulin-antibody status. Two of 11 autoantibody-positive dogs monitored for an 18-month period developed low thyroxine concentration and depressed thyroid responsiveness to exogeneous thyrotropin stimulation.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗

PubMed1983

Bone changes in hypercalcemia of malignancy in dogs.

Bone was collected for trabecular bone morphometry from 6 dogs with hypercalcemia of malignancy. Five of the dogs had lymphosarcoma and 1 had an anal sac apocrine gland carcinoma with vertebral metastases. Parathyroid gland weights varied around normal, with those for 1 dog being slightly low and those for another dog being moderately increased. As a group, the dogs had decreased bone volume, with increased resorption surfaces and increased numbers of osteoclasts. In 4 dogs, osteoid seams and osteoblasts were limited in extent and this distinguished them from dogs with hyperparathyroidism. Although most dogs had received corticosteroids, chemotherapy, or radiation treatment, the bone changes in these dogs were similar to 1 dog that had not received treatment. Also, the changes could not be related to uremia or renal mineralization that had developed in 2 of the dogs. Two of the dogs had somewhat greater amounts of osteoid-covered surface and slightly widened osteoid seams, ie, findings more like those of hyperparathyroidism. One of these dogs had anal sac apocrine gland carcinoma and the other had lymphosarcoma in which there was invasion of the bone cortex at the sampling site. It was concluded that bone remodeling changes do occur in hypercalcemia of malignancy and that these changes are varied and often are not those of hyperparathyroidism.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Epizootic of viral enteritis in dogs in Thailand.

An epizootic of enteritis occurred in dogs in Thailand during 1979. Observations were made on 44 dogs that had clinical signs of enteritis or had a recent history compatible with a clinical diagnosis of enteritis. Eight of the 44 dogs died. Gross and histopathologic examinations performed on these dogs revealed that the lesions were similar to those described for canine viral enteritis. Antigens that agglutinated rhesus macaque RBC were detected in feces from 4 of 20 dogs. Cytopathic effects were observed in canine A-72 cells after their inoculation with fecal suspensions from these 4 dogs and with a fecal suspension from another dog. Cell cultures inoculated with each of the suspensions produced antigens that agglutinated RBC. All hemagglutinating antigens were inhibited in the presence of feline panleukopenia virus antiserum. Using electron microscopy, parvovirus-like virions were observed in a fecal suspension from 2 dogs (1 dog that had antigen that agglutinated rhesus macaque RBC and 1 dog that was negative for feline panleukopenia virus). Canine parvovirus hemagglutination inhibition antibody was detected in sera from 33 of the 40 dogs examined, and canine coronavirus (CV) neutralizing antibody was found in 29 of 30 dogs. Antibody titer increases indicative of recent canine panleukopenia virus (CPV)-like virus and CV infections were observed in paired sera for 2 of 35 and for 5 of 30 of the dogs in Thailand were infected with CPV-like virus and a CV, and these viruses were most likely the cause of the epizootic of viral enteritis.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Ivermectin for treatment of generalized demodicosis in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of daily administration of ivermectin in the treatment of dogs with amitraz-resistant generalized demodicosis. DESIGN: Prospective, clinical trial. ANIMALS: Twelve privately owned dogs with juvenile-onset or adult-onset generalized demodicosis that had failed to respond to biweekly or weekly applications of 0.025% amitraz solution. PROCEDURE: All dogs were treated with undiluted ivermectin at a dosage of 0.6 mg/kg of body weight, PO, every 24 hours. There was no other parasiticidal agent given topically or systemically. A physical examination and multiple skin scrapings were performed every 2 to 4 weeks while dogs were receiving ivermectin. Skin scrapings were performed at approximately the same sites at every examination. After no mites were seen, treatment was continued for at least 2 more weeks and then stopped. Dogs were reexamined, and skin scrapings were repeated if any skin lesions developed. For dogs that remained clinically normal, follow-up information was obtained by telephone. Dogs that were free of clinical signs of demodicosis 12 months after ivermectin administration was discontinued were considered cured. RESULTS: Ten of 12 dogs were cured. Median duration of treatment for these dogs was 10 weeks (range, 6 weeks to 5 months). Two dogs were failures, relapsing 10 months and 11.5 months after treatment was stopped. One of these dogs was successfully treated with a second course of ivermectin. Mild ivermectin toxicosis developed in 1 dog after 6 weeks of treatment; side effects resolved shortly after the treatment was stopped. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Daily use of ivermectin, at a dosage of 0.6 mg/kg, PO, was found to be effective in the treatment of generalized demodicosis in dogs.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

A dog ecology study in an urban and a semi-rural area of Zambia.

Characteristics of dog populations and their accessibility for rabies vaccination were compared in an urban and a semi-rural area in Zambia. A total of 1,190 households were interviewed. In the urban study area (Mutendere, a low income suburb of Lusaka) only 11% of the households kept dogs with a dog:human ratio of 1:45. In the semi-rural area (Palabana) dogs were kept by 42% of households with a dog:human ratio of 1:6,7. In conjuction with the study of the dog populations in these two areas, immunization of dogs against rabies was provided by door-to-door visits in both study areas and also through central point vaccination in the urban area. The attitude of the public towards free rabies vaccinations was positive, although some misconceptions regarding indications and modalities of treatment following exposure to suspect dogs were found. Approximately 50% of the dog removals were as a result of disease and the demand for dogs was higher than the supply. Although only information on the owned segment of the dog population was obtained during the study, the proportion of ownerless dogs appeared to be very low. Generally, there is a need for better co-ordination between the different services involved in rabies control in Zambia to enhance the sustainability of vaccination programmes and improve the treatment of persons bitten by dogs.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Effects of parathyroid hormone depletion in dogs with induced renal failure.

Six parathyroidectomized (PTX) and 6 control dogs had renal mass reduced by 15/16, and were studied for effects of parathyroid hormone depletion on progression of renal failure. All PTX dogs and 4 of 6 control dogs survived until necropsy after 32 weeks. Plasma parathyroid hormone concentration was undetectable in PTX dogs throughout the study, but was greater than normal in control dogs. Serum inorganic phosphate (P) concentration was increased in PTX dogs (6.8 +/- 0.1 mg/dl) and in control dogs (7.5 +/- 0.2), but did not differ significantly (P = 0.254) between groups. Ionized blood calcium values (Ca2+) were significantly (P = 0.014) lower in PTX dogs (1.31 +/- 0.01 mmol/L) than in control dogs (1.36 +/- 0.00 mmol/L), but were more variable in PTX dogs. Values in PTX dogs were not significantly different from those in control dogs for glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.914), plasma creatinine concentration (P = 0.903), and urine protein to creatinine ratio (P = 0.756) determined at intervals during the study. Terminal glucose tolerance and plasma insulin concentrations, P tolerance, and renal P excretion did not differ between groups. Histologic comparison of kidneys removed during reduction of renal mass with kidneys removed at necropsy revealed development of lesions in both groups of dogs, and no protective effect from parathyroidectomy. Mineral analysis of aorta, brain, heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle obtained at necropsy revealed no significant difference between PTX and control groups. Renal cortical calcium concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in kidneys obtained at necropsy then in kidneys obtained during nephrectomy, but PTX did not protect renal cortex from calcium deposition.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Prevalence of nephrotoxicosis associated with a four-hour saline solution diuresis protocol for the administration of cisplatin to dogs with naturally developing neoplasms.

We evaluated the development of nephrotoxicosis in 64 dogs with malignant neoplasia given cisplatin during 4-hour saline solution diuresis. Cisplatin (70 mg/m2 of body surface area, IV, q 21 d) was given to 8 dogs once, 22 dogs twice, 9 dogs 3 times, and 25 dogs 4 times. For each treatment, cisplatin was given over a 20-minute period after saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was administered IV for 3 hours at a rate of 25 ml/kg/h. After cisplatin infusion, saline solution diuresis was continued at the same rate for 1 hour. Before each treatment with cisplatin, the dogs were evaluated by conducting a physical examination, CBC; and analysis of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, and in most cases, serum phosphorus concentration and urine specific gravity were determined. Exogenous creatinine clearance also was evaluated in 8 dogs prior to 1 (n = 8), 2 (n = 8), 3 (n = 6), and 4 (n = 4) treatments. Five (7.8%) of 64 dogs developed clinically evident renal disease after two (n = 3) and three (n = 2) doses of cisplatin. Two of the 5 dogs had preexisting diseases of the urinary tract prior to the start of treatment. Survival time in dogs that developed renal disease (median, 114 days; range, 26 to 273 days) was similar to that of all dogs in this study (median, 145 days; range, 5 to 586 days), with 30 dogs still alive at the conclusion of the study. Three of the 5 dogs that developed renal disease were alive at the conclusion of the study, 1 died of tumor-related causes, and another died as a direct result of nephrotoxicosis. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in median neutrophil counts and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in median creatinine concentrations prior to the third and fourth treatments, compared with pretreatment values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Semiquantitative test for Dirofilaria immitis as a predictor of thromboembolic complications associated with heartworm treatment in dogs.

A semiquantitative heartworm test of antigen concentration was evaluated as a predictor of thromboembolism after adulticide treatment. Seventeen dogs with naturally acquired infections of Dirofilaria immitis (heartworms) were studied before and after thiacetarsamide treatment, using physical examinations, arterial blood gas analyses, thoracic radiography, and pulmonary hemodynamic and arteriographic tests. Eight dogs were considered to have a low burden of heartworms and 9 had a high burden. Dogs with a high worm burden had more severe pulmonary thromboembolism with pulmonary hypertension, dilated pulmonary arteries, flow obstruction of the caudal pulmonary arteries, and parenchymal lesions in the caudal lung lobes. Dogs with a low worm burden had minimal changes. Within each group of dogs, the severity of thromboembolism was less in some dogs in which all heartworms were not killed. Six of the 9 dogs with a high burden of heartworms had surviving heartworms, and 1 of these dogs had 38 live heartworms. Only 4 of the 8 dogs with a low worm burden had complete heartworm mortality, but only 1 dog had more than 3 surviving heartworms. We concluded that dogs with a high worm burden were more likely to have pulmonary thromboembolism after thiacetarsamide treatment and that dogs with a low worm burden were more likely to have minimal changes. A semiquantitative heartworm test of antigen concentration is recommended as part of the pretreatment evaluation of dogs infected with heartworms.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Effect of dietary protein content on behavior in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect that feeding diets containing a low (17%), medium (25%), or high (32%) protein content would have on behavior in dogs. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled study. ANIMALS: 12 dogs with dominance aggression, 12 dogs with hyperactivity, 12 dogs with territorial aggression, and 14 control dogs without behavioral problems. PROCEDURE: Dogs were fed each of the diets for a 2-week period, and owners were instructed to score their dogs' behavior on a daily basis. RESULTS: Behavior of the dogs with dominance aggression, dogs with hyperactivity, and control dogs was unchanged by the dietary manipulations. Territorial aggression was significantly reduced when dogs were fed the low- or medium-protein diet, compared with territorial aggression when fed the high-protein diet. Post hoc analysis indicated that this effect was attributable to a marked reduction in aggression in a subset of the group (n = 7) in which territorial aggression was a result of fear. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Results of this study suggest that a reduction in dietary protein content is not generally useful in the treatment of behavior problems in dogs, but may be appropriate in dogs with territorial aggression that is a result of fear.

Aggression↗

PubMed1996

Evaluation of canine lymphocyte blastogenesis prior and after in vitro suppression by dog demodicosis serum using ethidium bromide fluorescence assay.

The mitogen induced blastogenic response of lymphocytes from normal dogs and dogs with generalized demodicosis (GD) was measured by the ethidium bromide (EB) fluorescence assay. Serum from GD dogs significantly suppressed the in vitro reactivity to Con A of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from normal dogs and GD dogs, however with a different percentage of suppression 40.6 and 81.2%, respectively. As a result, the degree of lymphocyte blastogenesis suppression in GD dogs did not parallel the immunosuppressive potency of their serum (Tab. IV). The data indicate that PBL obtained from GD dogs did not respond to Con A as well in the presence of serum from normal dogs as did PBL from normal dogs (Tab. IV). In one third of examined GD dogs a similar situation was described also by Hirsh et al. (1975). The basis for this cellular modified response is unknown. It does not appear that the age or the chronicity of the disease are related to this observation. Further studies are necessary to elucidate this relation. The GD dogs showed not only a significant depression of the lymphocyte response to Con A but also enhancement of the ability of unstimulated cells to proliferate was also observed (Tab. IV). Similar observation was reported by others (Barriga et al., 1992). The meaning of this is not clear at present. This finding is discussed in the light of proposed different effects of the parasite or the host's reactivity to the parasite on different subsets of lymphocytes. No significant difference of PBL responsiveness to Con A between healthy dogs with respect to the age (Tab. III) and the time of examination (compare results in Tabs. I and IV) was observed. Autologous serum showed a better responsiveness of normal canine lymphocytes to Con A than fetal calf serum (FCS). It is suggested that the use of FCS might lead to an erroneous judgement (Tab. I). Both lectins, Con A and PHA induced cell proliferation of healthy dogs in very similar amount (Tab. II). Our results indicated that EB fluorescence assay is a useful method for detection a respondence of canine lymphocyte blastogenesis.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs from a humane shelter in Ohio.

Hearts of 500 dogs more than 1 year old from a humane shelter in Columbus, Oh, were examined for Dirofilaria immitis infection. Peripheral blood from dogs with worms in the heart was examined for microfilariae. Dirofilaria immitis adults were found in 24 (4.8%) hearts. The number of worms in infected hearts were: 19 (1 dog), 6 (2 dogs), 5 (1 dog), 4 (2 dogs), 3 (1 dog), 2 (9 dogs), and 1 (8 dogs). Of the 24 infected dogs, 4 had only male worms, 8 had only female worms, and 12 had worms of both sexes. Microfilariae were found in 12 dogs--11 dogs having D immitis microfilariae, and 1 having only Dipetalonema reconditum microfilariae. The dog with D reconditum microfilariae had only 1 male D immitis adult in its heart.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Use of streptokinase in four dogs with thrombosis.

Four dogs with thrombosis were referred for diagnostic testing and were subsequently treated by the use of streptokinase. The range of duration of clinical signs associated with thrombosis was 6 to 120 days. Causes of thrombosis were heart disease (1 dog), protein-losing nephropathy and hyperadrenocorticism (1), hyperadrenocorticism (1), and idiopathic (1). Possible factors that predisposed dogs to hypercoagulability included hypertension (2 dogs) and diabetes mellitus (1). All dogs were treated for underlying disease by use of supportive care. The first dog was treated with a loading dose of 250,000 U of streptokinase, i.v., with a subsequent maintenance dosage of 100,000 U/h, i.v., and also was treated with anticoagulant. The subsequent 3 dogs were treated with a loading dose of 90,000 U of streptokinase, i.v., and maintenance dosage of 45,000 U/ h, i.v., at various intervals. These dogs also were treated with anticoagulant. Three dogs had minor hemorrhage as an adverse effect to streptokinase infusion, but they did not require treatment for the hemorrhage. Complete resolution of the thrombus was observed in 3 dogs, and partial resolution of the thrombus was observed in the other dog. In all dogs, partial or complete resolution of clinical signs associated with thrombosis was seen. Streptokinase may be an effective treatment for dogs with thrombosis.

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction↗

PubMed1996

Open resection for subvalvular aortic stenosis in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the surgical technique for open resection of congenital subvalvular aortic stenosis in dogs and to determine outcome of dogs undergoing the procedure. DESIGN: Uncontrolled clinical trial. ANIMALS: 17 dogs with congenital discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis. PROCEDURE: Dogs were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass by catheterizing the femoral artery and both vena cavae. The aorta was cross clamped, and cold cardioplegia solution was administered. The aortic root then was opened with a curvilinear incision. A subvalvular discrete fibrous ring was resected in all dogs. Septal myectomy was performed simultaneously on 11 dogs. RESULTS: 15 of 17 dogs survived the operation and were discharged from the hospital. Mean +/- SD maximal instantaneous aortic systolic pressure gradient measured by means of Doppler echocardiography was significantly reduced from 119 +/- 42 mm of Hg before surgery to 41 +/- 10 mm of Hg 12 months after surgery. Despite substantial reduction in the systolic pressure gradient, 4 of 15 dogs died suddenly between 7 days and 30 months after surgery. Three of the 4 dogs that died suddenly had pressure gradients > or = 180 mm of Hg and ventricular tachycardia before surgery. Eleven dogs were still alive between 1 and 48 months after surgery. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The procedure resulted in substantial reductions in systolic pressure gradients in dogs with severe congenital subvalvular aortic stenosis. However, some dogs with severe aortic stenosis died suddenly after surgery. Thus, this surgery should not be considered curative. Proof of a survival benefit in dogs undergoing this surgery will have to await longer term follow-up.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Complications associated with use of jejunostomy tubes in dogs and cats: 40 cases (1989-1994).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate complications and outcomes of surgeries in which jejunostomy tubes were used in critically ill dogs and cats. DESIGN: Retrospective review of medical records. ANIMALS: 32 dogs and 8 cats. PROCEDURE: In each animal, a 5-F or 8-F red rubber urethral/feeding catheter was surgically placed in the proximal portion of the jejunum. RESULTS: The most common indication for jejunostomy tube placement in dogs was a gastrointestinal condition (20 dogs; 62.5%). Neoplasms were detected in 11 of the 20 dogs. Pancreatic disease was the most common indication for tube placement in cats (7 cats; 87.5%). Thirty-three animals (27 dogs, 6 cats; 82.5%) did not have complications. Five dogs and 2 cats had 10 tube-related complications, including focal cellulitis (3 dogs), tube dislodgement (2 dogs, 1 cat), and tube occlusion (1 dog, 1 cat). Twenty-four animals (20 dogs, 4 cats; 60%) were discharged from the hospital. Fifteen dogs and 4 cats were alive 2 weeks after discharge, and 5 dogs and 2 cats survived for at least 4 weeks after discharge. Deaths were related to disease and were not associated with jejunostomy tubes. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The complication rate associated with jejunostomy tubes appears to be low. Complications usually are nonfatal.

Animals↗