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Results for “Health Promotion”

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PubMed1992

Randomized controlled study of a retiree health promotion program. The Bank of American Study.

The initial results of a 12-month controlled trial of a health promotion program in 5686 Bank of America retirees, randomized into full program, questionnaire only, and insurance claims only groups, were analyzed to determine whether the health promotion program was effective. Comparisons were between program and questionnaire only groups for self-reported health habit changes, health risk scores, medical care utilization, and days confined to home, and between all groups for insurance claims data. The intervention, or full program, included health habit questionnaires administered every 6 months, individualized time-oriented health risk appraisals, personal recommendation letters, self-management materials, and a health promotion book. Twelve-month changes in health habits, health status, and economic variables favored the full program group in 31 of 32 comparisons and were statistically significant at the .05 level in two-tailed tests in 19 comparisons and at the .01 level in two-tailed tests in 13 comparisons. Over 12 months, overall computed health risk scores decreased by 4.3% in the full program experimental group and increased by 7.2% in the questionnaire only control group. Total direct and indirect costs decreased by 11% in the experimental group and increased by 6.3% in the questionnaire only control group. Analysis of claims data confirmed these trends. A low-cost health promotion program for retirees was effective in changing health behaviors and has potential to decrease health care utilization.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Focus points for school health promotion improvements in Dutch primary schools.

To enable improvements in school health promotion, this paper examines associations between the number of health-promotion issues addressed by primary school teachers in the Netherlands and factors thought to influence this behavior. The main factors studied are context characteristics and constructs of attitude, social influence, self-efficacy (SE) and perceived barriers. A total of 180 primary school teachers teaching 9- to 12-year olds (Grades 6, 7 and 8) participated in a cross-sectional survey. The results show that it is possible to differentiate between teachers addressing three or more health issues per year versus those who address fewer based on grade level (more health issues are addressed at higher grades), perceived disadvantages, SE and staff support. The latter seems to exert the greatest influence and may be one of the most promising focus points for improvements of school health promotion in the Netherlands.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Health promotion in primary care: modelling the impact of intervention on coronary heart disease and stroke.

BACKGROUND: Since the health promotion programme for general practice was introduced in 1993, there has been some controversy about the potential effectiveness and likely cost-effectiveness of health promotion in general practice. The aim of this study was to generate a model to estimate the potential impact of the new general practice health promotion programme on coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, in terms of absolute reductions in mortality, in Cambridge Health Authority, a district with relatively low mortality rates for these two diseases. METHODS: A model to estimate the impact of the programme was derived from local data for risk factor prevalence in men and women aged 45-74; local death rates for CHD and stroke; and published data on the effectiveness of general practice health promotion. RESULTS: The expected number of deaths in the ten years following screening was estimated at 3203 deaths for CHD and 1075 for stroke. The model estimates a 12% reduction in CHD deaths and 17% fewer stroke deaths following the implementation of the programme. CONCLUSIONS: Even in areas where risk factor prevalence is low and death rates are low, the health promotion programme has the potential to have a moderate impact on CHD and stroke mortality. The cost-effectiveness of the programme, however, has yet to be established.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Questioning: an intervention for health promotion.

In the health professions, questioning is traditionally viewed as a way of gathering information from a client as well as a way of developing the affective domain or how the client feels. The development of the cognitive domain, or how the client thinks, receives less attention. This article describes a clinical nursing approach using Bloom's Taxonomy to question clients' thinking behavior. Examples from nurses' files are used to clarify this approach.

Behavior Therapy↗

PubMed1993

Explaining health-promoting lifestyles of Navy personnel.

This study examined the relationship of six dimensions of health-promoting lifestyle (self-actualization, health responsibility, interpersonal support, exercise, nutrition, and stress management) with selected sociodemographic and attitudinal variables in a random sample of 421 active duty Navy personnel. Participants who were older, officers, shore-based, married, and who reported high levels of perceived health all had significantly higher scores for overall health-promoting life-style and several lifestyle dimensions. Exercise of self-care agency--a composite health attitude indicator--accounted for 35% of the variance in health-promoting lifestyle patterns. Among the sociodemographic variables, educational level, race, and perceived health state were differentially predictive of healthy lifestyle dimensions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Standards for health promotion in hospitals: development and pilot test in nine European countries.

PURPOSE: To describe the process of development of standards for health promotion in hospitals, including pilot study, method and results. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A set of standards for health promotion in hospitals was developed by a task force of the International Network of Health Promoting Hospitals, following the recommendations of the ALPHA programme. The standards were pilot tested and assessed qualitatively and quantitatively in 36 hospitals in nine European countries. Subsequently, standards were reviewed by representatives from the piloting hospitals. A self-assessment tool was produced to evaluate whether hospital managers and professionals perceive the standards to be relevant and applicable and whether they are currently met. Participants provided comments from their national health system perspective and rated the standards. FINDINGS: General comments and specific comments were provided for each standard regarding its relevance, applicability and current level of compliance. A total of 35 standards' criteria were assessed and 86 per cent (30/35) were rated > 80 per cent relevant and applicable, while 14 per cent (5/35) were rated > 60 per cent relevant. The degree of current fulfilment of the criteria, however, was low. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: While the standards should be applicable to other regions (South America, Africa, Asia) additional testing may be required to adapt them to prevailing health care challenges. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The pilot test revealed that the standards are applicable and were considered relevant, and showed that current compliance is low. It also showed that there is a clear need to facilitate continuous monitoring and improvement of compliance. The standards are regarded as being public domain, are applicable to other organisations and can be incorporated into existing quality systems. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Standards are a common tool for quality assurance in health care, but so far have considered health promotion activities only partly, if at all. The standards for health promotion in hospitals developed by WHO fill this important gap.

Europe↗

PubMed2005

['New' public health and health promotion via education: between tradition and innovation].

In spite of the goals of 'new' public health and its emphasis on health promotion as an investment in the autonomy of the 'public' to make decisions on health, by means of interventions in its structural conditioning factors, health education in general remains focused on individual responsibility and disease prevention. The article discusses these issues, presenting the main proposals of health promotion that emerged in the 70's as the main strategy of the so-called 'new public health'. Based on a literature review, categorized according to the themes of interest for the proposed discussion, the article also analyzes the use of these proposals in the field of health education. The literature search for a theoretical background to support this analysis is justified by the relevance of the discussed issues for nursing practice and the limited production of theoretical approaches about health promotion and health education by nurses.

Health Education↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Health promotion practices of family caregivers.

This study was conducted to assess the relationship of length of time in the caregiving role, amount of care provided, participation in health promotion activities, selected demographic variables, and caregivers' perceptions of their own health. Subjects were 120 adults who were primary caregivers for a frail elder at home. Data were analyzed using frequency statistics, correlational statistics, and multiple regression analysis. Overall, subjects had at least a high school education and were Caucasian. Perceptions of health were negatively associated with amount of care rendered by caregivers, but were not associated with length of time in the caregiving role. Participation in health promotion activities was associated with positive assessments of health. Daughters were most frequently caregivers, but least likely to participate in health promotion activities. Regression analysis revealed that two variables, amount of care given and participation in health promotion activities, accounted for 13% of the variance in perceptions of health; three variables, age, education, and time in the caregiving role, accounted for 18% of the variance in participation in health promotion activities.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Gender-specific health behaviors of German university students predict the interest in campus health promotion.

This cross-sectional study aimed to provide an assessment of the needs for health promotion in university freshmen, based on lifestyle variables and the interest in health-promoting activities. A questionnaire survey was performed using a sample of 288 male and 362 female university freshmen from 19 to 33 years of age. Male students were significantly more likely to engage in drug-taking behaviors, referring to alcohol and cannabis use, and had a higher body mass index. No gender difference was noted in the numbers of regular smokers. Preventive behaviors with respect to healthy nutrition and dental hygiene were reported more often in females, whereas the duration of physical activity per week and the use of condoms with a new sexual partner showed no gender difference. There was a strong demand for group health-oriented programs (79.5% of respondents). Substantial proportions of students had a high interest in individual counseling aiming at stress management (24.5%), healthy nutrition (19.3%) and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (18.2%). Women expressed a greater interest in most programs than men. Multivariate regression analyses showed that a disposition for alcohol abuse was the strongest predictor of interest in health counseling in male students (p < 0.001), while psychosocial stress was the most important predictor in female students (p < 0.001). From the prevalence of health risks and the students' interest in health promotion programs it was concluded that there is a strong need for health promotion in the university setting in Germany. Results suggested that individuals at risk would probably benefit most from an individual counseling program.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The practice of the community health agency in health promotion of and disease prevention].

This article discusses practices developed by the community health agency in the Family Health Program of Divinópolis--MG reporting on practices in the fields of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, taking as main reference the principles established at the 1st International Health Promotion Conference, which took place in Canada in 1986. Field research was carried out by questionnaire, direct observation of work and open interviews with community health agencies. A qualitative approach was chosen in which the concepts and statements of the subjects were dealt with in the light of historical and dialectical materialism, and the organization and analysis of the discourses according to the Discourse of the Collective Subject. We conclude that the community health agency performs actions recommended by the Ministry of Health, and that its health promoting actions are confined to the creation of environments favorable to health, actions in the home. It works more widely in disease prevention, in individual actions, health education for the community and for groups at risk, and controlling infectious disease and parasites such as dengue and worms. Its focus of attention is predominantly the individual and not the family.

Brazil↗

PubMed2000

A survey of practice patterns and the health promotion and prevention attitudes of US chiropractors. Maintenance care: part I.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the primary care, health promotion activities associated with what has historically been called "maintenance care" (MC) as used in the practice of chiropractic in the United States. This includes issues such as investigating the purpose of MC, what conditions and patient populations it best serves, how frequently it is required, what therapeutic interventions constitute MC, how often it is recommended, and what percent of patient visits are for prevention and health promotion services. It also investigates the economic impact of these services. DESIGN: Postal survey of a randomized sample of practicing US chiropractors. The questionnaire was structured with a 5-point ordinal Likert scale (28 questions) and brief fill-in questionnaire (12 questions). The 40-question survey was mailed to 1500 chiropractors selected at random from a pool of chiropractors with active practices in the United States. The National Directory of Chiropractic database was the source of actively practicing chiropractors from which doctor selection was made. The sample was derived by using the last numbers composing the zip codes assigned by the US Postal Service. This sampling method assured potential inclusion of chiropractors from all 50 states, from rural areas and large cities, and assured a sample weighting based on population density that might not have been afforded by a simple random sample. RESULTS: Six hundred and fifty-eight (44%) of the questionnaires were completed and returned. US chiropractors agreed or strongly agreed that the purpose of MC was to optimize health (90%), prevent conditions from developing (88%), provide palliative care (86%), and minimize recurrence or exacerbations (95%). MC was viewed as helpful in preventing both musculoskeletal and visceral health problems. There was strong agreement that the therapeutic composition of MC placed virtually equal weight on exercise (96%) and adjustments/manipulation (97%) and that other interventions, including dietary recommendations (93%) and patient education about lifestyle changes (84%), shared a high level of importance. Seventy-nine percent of chiropractic patients have MC recommended to them and nearly half of those (34%) comply. The average number of recommended MC visits was 14.4 visits per year, and the total revenue represents an estimated 23% of practice income. CONCLUSIONS: Despite educational, philosophic, and political differences, US chiropractors come to a consensus about the purpose and composition of MC. Not withstanding the absence of scientific support, they believe that it is of value to all age groups and a variety of conditions from stress to musculoskeletal and visceral conditions. This strong belief in the preventive and health promotion value of MC motivates them to recommend this care to most patients. This, in turn, results in a high level of preventive services and income averaging an estimated $50,000 per chiropractic practice in 1994. The data suggest that the amount of services and income generated by preventive and health-promoting services may be second only to those from the treatment of low-back pain. The response from this survey also suggests that the level of primary care, health promotion and prevention activities of chiropractors surpasses that of other physicians.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Guatemalans' practices for health promotion and the meaning of respect afforded them by health care providers.

This descriptive study, the second part of a multinational study of Central Americans and Mexicans, describes Guatemalans' practices for health promotion and wellness, disease and illness prevention, and the meaning of respect afforded them by health care providers. Understanding a person's beliefs and values when planning nursing and health care interventions helps the caregiver provide culturally acceptable care that improves clients' satisfaction and health status. Culturally respectful, acceptable, and appropriate care conserves the utilization of human, material, and financial resources. There were 25 participants in this sample. This study uses selected primary and secondary characteristics of culture and selected domains from the Purnell model for cultural competence as guides for questionnaire development, review of the literature, data analysis, and discussion of the findings.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Panamanians' practices for health promotion and the meaning of respect afforded them by health care providers.

This study describes and compares Panamanians' and Panamanian Americans' practices for health promotion and wellness, disease and illness prevention, and the meaning of respect afforded them by health care providers. Understanding a person's beliefs and values when planning nursing and health care interventions helps the caregiver provide culturally acceptable care that improves clients' satisfaction and health status. Culturally respectful, acceptable, and appropriate care conserves the utilization of human, material, and financial resources. This sample comprised 70 subjects: 50 in the Republic of Panama and 20 from the DelMarVa Peninsula in the United States. This study uses selected primary and secondary characteristics of culture and selected domains from the Purnell Model for Cultural Competence as guides for questionnaire development, data analysis, and discussion of the findings.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[The concept of social marketing--potential and limitations for health promotion and prevention in Germany].

"Social marketing" is the use of marketing principles to design and implement programmes to promote socially beneficial behaviour changes. In the field of health promotion and prevention, the systematic planning process of social marketing can offer new ideas and perspectives to the traditions of social science. Major characteristics of social marketing encompass continuous market research focussing on attitudes, motives and behavioural patterns of the target group, an integrated mix of strategic key elements, and the perpetual evaluation of all procedures. So far, however, it is unclear in how far social marketing is actually more effective than other concepts of programme planning. Furthermore, it has to be discussed whether the underlying philosophy of social marketing and its implicit understanding of relationships to the public are reconcilable with health promotion principles. In Anglo-Saxon countries, the social marketing concept has achieved widespread application and is subject to controversial scientific discussions, whereas this approach is hardly considered in German health promotion research and practice. Given the increasing call for quality management and evaluation of health promotion interventions, the social marketing concept may contribute useful insights at an operational level and thus add to a discussion on effective approaches for programme planning.

Germany↗

PubMed1990

Health promotion self-care within Orem's general theory of nursing.

The growing emphasis on health promotion by society and the increasing utilization of Orem's general theory of nursing to guide practice, education and research create a need to clarify health promotion activity within the model. The concept of health promotion self-care is developed after an analysis of statements by Pender and Orem for their logical congruence. Further in-depth analysis of Orem's model facilitates the placement of the new concept within its current structure. The potential strength of the model for guiding health promotion practice is discussed, as well as areas for needed development.

Health↗

PubMed2005

Evaluating health-promoting schools in Hong Kong: development of a framework.

Health-promoting schools (HPS)/healthy schools have existed internationally for about 15 years. Yet there are few comprehensive evaluation frameworks available which enable the outcomes of HPS initiatives to be assessed. This paper identifies an evaluation framework developed in Hong Kong. The framework uses a range of approaches to explore what schools actually do in their health promotion and health education initiatives. The framework, which is based on the WHO (Western Pacific Regional Office) Guidelines for HPS, is described in detail. The appropriate instruments for data collection are described and their origins identified. The evaluation plan and protocol, which underpinned the very comprehensive evaluation in Hong Kong, are explained. Finally, a case is argued for evaluation of HPS to be more in line with the educational dynamics of schools and the research literature on effective schooling, rather than focusing primarily on health-related measures.

Health Promotion↗

PubMed2000

Youth mental health promotion in the Hunter region.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the work of the Hunter Institute of Mental Health, with special emphasis on its role in mental health promotion and prevention with adolescents. METHOD AND RESULTS: The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion is used as a framework to describe the varied functions of this organisation. Four youth mental health promotion programs are given as examples of the Institute's work. Results of preliminary evaluation of the Youth Suicide Prevention - National University Curriculum Project are provided. CONCLUSION: The Hunter Institute of Mental Health, a self-funding unit of the Hunter Area Health Service, provides innovative health promotion programs as part of its role as a provider of mental health education and training. The model may be particularly applicable to mental health services in regional Australia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Wellness in the work place: potentials and pitfalls of work-site health promotion.

In the past decade work-site health promotion programs have been developed by many American corporations. Although the potential for these programs to improve worker health and productivity is appealing, there is yet only limited data on their effectiveness or their pitfalls. Evaluation of the benefits of work-site health promotion must consider the sociopolitical context as well as cost-containment outcomes.

Cost Control↗