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PubMedDate not supplied

[Assessment of dietary intake in institutionalized elderly patients with dysphagia].

Elderly institutionalised patients are at risk from the nutritional point of view. This fact is even more important in those with swallowing difficulties. To avoid the immediate consequences an inadequate nutrition has in older people's quality of life and prognosis is vital to achieve an adequate diet with a strict control of their food and fluid intake.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The nutritional status of the older population as a function of the institutionalization regimen].

BACKGROUND: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is associated with an increase in morbi-mortality. It's prevalence in institutionalised elderly people is unknown in our environment. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence, typology and risk factors associated with PEM in institutionalised elderly people. SUBJECTS: 228 institutionalised elderly people, representative of the population in the town of Reus were studied. Among them 131 were resident geriatrics and 97 long-stay hospital patients. METHODS: Weight, mid-arm circumference, body mass-index, percentage of body fat, total cholesterol, total proteins, albumin, prealbumin and transferrin were determined. Predominantly caloric malnutrition was diagnosed if 2 or more anthropometric markers and less than 2 biochemical markers were affected. Predominantly protein malnutrition was diagnosed if 2 or more biochemical markers and less than 2 anthropometric markers were affected, and mixed-type PEM if 2 or more anthropometric markers and 2 or more biochemical markers coexist. RESULTS: The global prevalence of PEM was 26.7% (9.1% in the residencies and 50.5% in the hospitals). Predominantly Caloric, Protein and Mixed-type malnutrition prevalence was 7.4%, 11% and 8.3% respectively. The 3 types of PEM were more prevalent among the hospitalised patients. Dementia was associated in 73.7% of 19 patients diagnosed of mixed PEM. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of PEM was observed in the hospitalised patients. Hospitalisation was identified as an important risk factor in malnutrition, this could be explained by the diseases that make it necessary and the high prevalence of dementia observed in the hospitalised patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Hepatitis B antigen in Montréal blood donors: childhood institutionalization as an epidemiologic factor.

In 1971 the Canadian Red Cross blood tranfusion service instituted routine screening for HBAg of all blood donors, using nationwide a standardized counterimmunoelectrophoretic technique. The prevalence of carriers in the Province of Québec is unusually high (0.51%), being 3 to 12 times higher than in the other nine provinces. Among the carriers found in the Montréal area 289 volunteered to be seen by our group for an extensive interview and a series of laboratory tests. There were 243 men and 46 women; their ages ranged from 18 to 55, 90% being less than 40. Twenty-nine were of foreign origin and 260 were born in Canada. The epidemiologic data revealed that the reservoir of HBAg carriers among the blood donors of the Montréal area was found predominantly in the autochthonous population of French origin. Moreover, it appeared that 149 (52%) had lived in institution when they were infants or children: 127 were orphans and had been placed in institutions as newborns or babies, and 22 others had lived in institutions for at least 1 year between the ages of 5 and 10. This was by far the most important single epidemiologic factor that could contribute to the explanation of the abnormally high prevalence of HBAg carriers in the population studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Screening for Strongyloides infection among the institutionalized mentally disabled.

BACKGROUND: Strongyloidiasis is an intestinal helminthic infection common among the mentally disabled population and can cause persistent occult infection before resulting in disseminated, possibly fatal disease. METHODS: Two cases of strongyloidiasis are described. The literature was searched using the key words "Strongyloides" and "mass screening." RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Strongyloidiasis is clinically important and well documented in the mentally disabled populations both in endemic and nonendemic regions of North America. It has a substantial latent phase during which screening can be conducted, and its treatment with thiabendazole is convenient, effective, and reasonably well tolerated. Although strongyloidiasis is usually incidentally detected by findings of eosinophilia during routine blood screening, peripheral eosinophilia occurs only in 50% to 80% of infected persons and is extremely nonspecific for Strongyloides infection. Given the high cost of critical care for a patient with disseminated disease, screening mentally disabled populations in institutional settings for strongyloidiasis by administering the Strongyloides stercoralis antibody ELISA appears justifiable, particularly if risk factors for hyperinfection syndrome are used to select a subpopulation to be screened.

Anthelmintics↗
PubMed2000

Improving the oral hygiene of institutionalized mentally retarded clients.

PURPOSE: The quality of oral health care of persons with mental retardation has been reported in the literature to be less than that of their normal peers. The purpose of this study, set in a Midwest institution for persons with developmental retardation, was to determine if a change in policy followed by staff training and monitored by an interested third party would improve the oral hygiene of clients living on wards. METHODS: Methods used to train staff in proper toothbrushing were developed. Three living units were randomly selected for study: control, training plus accountability (experimental group I), and training without accountability (experimental group II). The direct care staff of both experimental groups were trained in proper toothbrushing techniques. Staff of the control group received no training. A dental hygienist visited the living unit periodically to evaluate and provide feedback on the plaque index scores taken by the caregivers in both experimental groups. RESULTS: The plaque indexes of group I showed significant improvement over the control group and group II. CONCLUSION: The results of this pilot study support the other findings of higher plaque indexes for residents with mental retardation and that modifying toothbrushing policies and staff training are not as critical to the improvement of the clients' oral hygiene as is the presence of an involved, interested third party.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Longitudinal epidemiological survey on hepatitis B-antigen carriers among institutionalized juvenile diabetics.

An epidemiological study was carried out in a juvenile diabetics institution, in order to determine the incidence and the significance of the hepatitis associated Australia antigen (HBAg) carriers. By means of counterelectrophoresis and CF an average of 15% HBAg-positive individuals was found during the course of the search (June 1970-January 1973). As a rule the carrier state appeared to be longlasting and it was only occasionally associated with symptoms and/or signs of liver involvement. Isolation measures to inhibit spread of serum hepatitis (the hepatitis most associated with HBAg) failed partially to prevent the spread of the HBAg associated agent suggesting that nonparenteral transmission could play a role in the diffusion of the infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Predictors of parent involvement with institutionalized retarded children.

A multivariate discriminant function analysis was used to explore 22 biographical and psychological variables which were thought to have some possible bearing on frequency of family visits to the institution and attendance at parent conferences. The analysis identified 6 of the variables as significant predictors, although the factors related to the 2 measures of parental involvement were not identical. The 6 major predictors of lack of involvement were: presence of physical anomalies, high disparity between CA and social maturity, greater distance from the institution, low occupational level of the father, maintenance payments not being required, and the parent having custody being divorced and remarried.

Child, Institutionalized↗
PubMed1975

Epilepsy and abnormal calcium metabolism in institutionalized mentally retarded patients.

A group of epileptic and nonepileptic patients from an institution for mentally retarded persons was surveyed for roentgenographic and biochemical abnormalities of calcium metabolism. Osteoporosis, hypocalcemia, and increased alkaline phosphatase were found to be significantly increased in incidence in the epileptic group. The only significant difference among the osteoporotic and nonosteoportic epileptic patients was the increase fo the alkaline phosphatase in the former. Ambulation did not appear to influence the significance of the above parameters.

Adolescent↗