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At least 1,189 records · Page 66Linked to original sources

Attempts to influence movement disorders in hemiparetics.

Step duration, measured in hemiparetic patients walking on a circular path, showed that step duration of the affected foot is usually longer. Functional electrical stimulation of the peroneal nerve in the swing phase of the step (eliminating foot drop) shortened step duration in the majority of cases. Hypnosis induced by the verbal fixation technique was used in hemiparetic patients (a) to ascertain whether the patient's mobility would increase during hypnosis and to determine (in positive cases) whether this approach might be used to predicting the effect of rehabilitation performed by classical methods; (b) to use hypnosis as a method of auxiliary treatment. The general finding was that the extent of movements of the hemiparetic upper extremity considerably improved during and immediately after hypnosis. This effect could be observed both at the level of severe impairment (at the beginning of treatment) and during the later stages when mobility greatly improved due to rehabilitation and recovery.

Arm↗

Stereotyped movement disorder of rocking.

Despite the relatively common occurrence of rocking behavior in children, the literature contains little information on the diagnosis, management, and treatment of this condition. The authors report a case of body rocking in an 8-year-old girl, for which they discuss possible etiological factors and therapeutic strategy.

Anxiety↗

[CT-stereotactic determination of targets for thalamotomy for movement disorders].

The methodology of determining an invisible target by CT-stereotaxy, such as the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus, is described. This approach obviates the need for traditional ventriculographic determination of the third ventricle commissures and allows accurate measurement of third ventricular width. Morbidity and length of hospitalization are thereby reduced.

Adolescent↗

[Experience with using amedin in children with movement disorders of extrapyramidal and labyrinth origin].

Using previously obtained data concerning the effectivity of amedin in motor and speech disorders due to muscular dystonia the drug was used for the treatment of 50 children from 3.5 months to 18 years, with motor disorders of an extrapyramidal and labyrinth nature. A high therapeutical effectivity of amedin in an increased pathological activity of tonic cervical and labyrinth reflexes in infants and in torsion spasm of school age children is demonstrated.

Adolescent↗

Selected legal issues in movement disorders.

This article explores the long-standing question of whether trauma causes Parkinson's disease, and discusses the impact of informed consent and confidentiality in issues of genetic testing for Huntington's disease. Neurologists are appropriately concerned about the legal aspects of genetic testing, and this article attempts to address that subject from a medical-legal perspective.

Accidents, Occupational↗

Movement Disorders Society Scientific Issues Committee report: SIC Task Force appraisal of clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinsonian disorders.

As there are no biological markers for the antemortem diagnosis of degenerative parkinsonian disorders, diagnosis currently relies upon the presence and progression of clinical features and confirmation depends on neuropathology. Clinicopathologic studies have shown significant false-positive and false-negative rates for diagnosing these disorders, and misdiagnosis is especially common during the early stages of these diseases. It is important to establish a set of widely accepted diagnostic criteria for these disorders that may be applied and reproduced in a blinded fashion. This review summarizes the findings of the SIC Task Force for the study of diagnostic criteria for parkinsonian disorders in the areas of Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, and corticobasal degeneration. In each of these areas, diagnosis continues to rest on clinical findings and the judicious use of ancillary studies.

Biomarkers↗

[Therapeutic use of tiapride in movement disorders].

Tiapridal was given to twenty-four patients suffering from dyskinesias. Therapeutic efficacity seems to the etiology. Not any fonctitonal improvement was observed in parkinsonism with dyskinesia consecutive to Dopa therapy. On the other hand a good efficacity was found in the treatment of choreas with a quite good tolerance; the functional result will depend of the evolutive state of the disease.

Benzamides↗

[Pain as an important symptom in trauma, diseases and movement disorders].

The author shows the importance of pain in motion organ diseases. He pointed out numerous orthopaedic conditions, such as inborn luxation of the hip joint, scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, at the preliminary stage of procedure, produce no pain. There are also diseases such as Perthes disease or osteoporosis, whose pain are untypical and appear at the moment of the fracture of the bone trabecules. Transitory pains are very often downplayed by patients and physicians, which may lead to serious mistakes in diagnosis.

Humans↗

[Effect of the cerebrospinal fluid from animals with motor cortex damage on the compensation of movement disorders].

Recipient rats with unilateral ablation of the motor cortex underwent suboccipital injection of the CSF obtained from donor rats with analogous damages of their motor cortex. The dose 150 microliter of the donor CSF was most effective rendering a considerable improvement of motor functions in the recipient rats. The data obtained suggest an essentially new technique of human brain trauma therapy using injections of donor CSF.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

Audit of neurophysiological recording during movement disorder surgery.

Sixty-two cases of thalamic pallidal and subthalamic surgery in Dundee were audited to assess the influence of physiological localisation on the procedure. Methods included microelectrode recording, evoked potential and stimulation techniques. Although anatomical localisation is improving with modern techniques, the physiological information is still modifying the surgery in 67% of cases.

Brain Mapping↗

Movement disorders associated with chronic GM2 gangliosidosis. Case report and review of the literature.

A 24-year-old man presented with dystonia, dementia, amyotrophy, choreoathetosis, and ataxia. Partial hexosaminidase A deficiency was documented in serum and leukocytes and confirmed by rectal biopsy with ganglion cells containing membranous cytoplasmic bodies. A brief review of the literature reveals that tremor, dystonia and choreoathetosis are common but neglected symptoms associated with chronic GM2 gangliosidosis.

Adult↗

[Biomechanical gait analysis after elongation of the Achilles tendon in patients with cerebral movement disorders].

The biomechanical gate analysis makes possible an exact interpretation of single locomotion in all details. Even by patients with cerebral palsy an improvement of objective and self-critical clinical assessment of therapy was achieved. We report on the results of biomechanical gate analysis after elongation of the Achilles tendon. The effects of the operation especially concerning coordination of the gate have been analysed.

Achilles Tendon↗

Masseter inhibitory reflex in movement disorders. Huntington's chorea, Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and unilateral masticatory spasm.

Evoked by electrical stimulation of the mental nerve, the masseter inhibitory reflex consists of an early and a late silent period (SP1 and SP2), which interrupt the voluntary electromyographic (EMG) activity in the masseter muscle. We recorded the masseter inhibitory reflex and measured its latency, depth of suppression, duration and recovery cycle to paired stimuli, in patients with Huntington's chorea. Parkinson's disease, dystonia, or unilateral masticatory spasm. In patients with Huntington's chorea the reflex data and recovery cycle were normal. In patients with Parkinson's disease or dystonia, although the reflex data were normal, SP2 recovered far more rapidly than it did in control subjects. This is possibly due to hypoactivity of an inhibitory control of the polysynaptic chain of ponto-medullary interneurons that mediate SP2. In patients with unilateral masticatory spasm, both SP1 and SP2 were absent. Suppression is probably absent because this involuntary movement originates at a point along the peripheral course of the nerve.

Adolescent↗

[Results of the ambulatory treatment of movement disorders in severe forms of cerebral palsy in childhood by the method of functional biological control].

The article is devoted to the use of functional biocontrol (FBC) with an external feedback in severe forms of childhood cerebral paralysis. The treatment was aimed at normalization of impaired reciprocal relations between antagonist muscles. The authors present practical recommendations on how to perform therapeutical sessions and propose a system for evaluating the efficacy of treatment with the use of FBC.

Adolescent↗

Pathophysiology of movement disorders studied using PET.

PET radiotracer methods can measure various biochemical features of brain tissue in the living human brain. Here, local brain energy consumption and striatal dopaminergic function will be discussed in the light of the neurodegenerative processes underlying Parkinson's disease. Particularly, disease progression and its consequences for protective and restorative strategies will be outlined. Also, an example will be given to demonstrate how the effect of neurotrophic factors on the striatal dopaminergic system can be monitored by PET tracer methods.

Antiparkinson Agents↗

A re-evaluation of the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin on facial movement disorders in man.

Despite a lot of research aimed at clarifying the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin, mostly at supraspinal levels, a complete understanding of it is still elusive. However, recent investigations, including our own, allow us to suggest that, in facial muscles, the effects of botulinum toxin are not only in the neuromuscular junctions affecting the acetylcholine release but also modify the sensory inflow with subsequent changes on the muscle spindle-gammamotoneuron system.

Animals↗

The role of the blood-brain barrier in movement disorders.

The entry of drugs and other biological compounds into the brain is a process that can be considered separately from the effects of those drugs and compounds once they have entered the brain. The rate of entry of compounds into the brain may occur either by passive diffusion or by carrier-mediated transport. Many processes interact to affect the amount of the compound that eventually enters the brain, including protein binding, systemic metabolism, and local metabolism and diffusion within the brain.

Biological Transport↗

Quantifying the effects of interventions for movement disorders resulting from cerebral palsy.

The purpose of this article is to review a variety of tests and measures that are useful in documenting and quantifying the outcomes of intervention for persons with cerebral palsy. The topics included are (1) a discussion of the need for meaningful outcome measures, (2) a model of the disabling process for classifying measures used to assess several different dimensions of disablement, and (3) a review of selected tests and measures categorized according to the model described.

Activities of Daily Living↗