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PubMed1997

[Evaluation of risks of glycol ethers for the reproductive health].

Glycol ethers (Ge) are a family of substances with a growing use in industrial and domestic products for the two last decades. Ge (group 1 and 2) are experimentally toxic for reproduction and development, at various levels. That begins to be found in humans. Epidemiological studies confirm toxicokinetic data showing humans are more sensitive than animals, because of a low excretion rate of the toxic metabolites. Occupational and consumer exposures are frequently higher than reference concentrations deducted from animal data. They may be involved in the growing number of genital reproductive system and reproduction anomaly, observed in most developed countries. Genetic toxicity is suspected from experimental data, but further investigations are needed.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed2006

Challenges to the reproductive-health needs of African women: on religion and maternal health utilization in Ghana.

How relevant is religion to our understanding of maternal health (MH) service utilization in sub-Saharan Africa? We ask this question mainly because while the effect of religion on some aspects of reproductive behavior (e.g., fertility, contraception) has not gone unnoticed in the region, very few studies have examined the possible link with MH service utilization. Understanding this link in the context of sub-Saharan Africa is particularly relevant given the overriding influence of religion on the social fabric of Africans and the unacceptably high levels of maternal mortality in the region. As African countries struggle to achieve their stipulated reductions in maternal and child mortality levels by two-thirds by 2015 as part of the Millennium Development Goals, the need to examine the complex set of macro- and micro-factors that affect maternal and child health in the region cannot be underestimated. Using data from the 2003 Ghana Demographic Survey, we found religion (measured by denominational affiliation) to be a significant factor in MH use. This is true even after we had controlled for socio-economic variables. In general, Moslem and traditional women were less likely to use such services compared with Christians. The findings are discussed with reference to our theoretical framework and some policy issues are highlighted.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Reproductive health of adolescents in Bangladesh.

The health and social effects of pregnancy in married women 13-23 years of age were studied among a population of 175,000 in rural Bangladesh. Data collected by a structured questionnaire identified pregnant women who were followed twice during pregnancy and twice postpartum. Maternal mortality for the 13-17 age group was 5.8/1000 compared to 1.8/1000 for the 18-23 year olds. Major causes of death in the younger group were obstructed labor and toxemia. The neonatal death rate was 80/1000 for the younger group and 43/1000 for the older group. The major cause of death of infants born to the younger mothers was birth injury. In infants born to older mothers, it was tetanus. Perinatal death rate was 66.4/1000. All deliveries occurred at home, and 89% of births were attended by relatives, neighbors or an untrained birth attendant. Only 13% of the women had ever used contraceptives. Use varied from 2.9% at 16 years to 24.7% at 23 years. Suggestions are made for improving maternal and child health care in rural Bangladesh.

Adolescent↗