Effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and calf removal on pituitary-ovarian function and reproductive performance in postpartum beef cows.
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Animals↗
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Results for “Reproductive performance”
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Effects of dietary alfalfa-orchardgrass hay and lasalocid on sow reproductive performance.
Forty-eight second, third and fourth parity crossbred sows were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments: corn:alfalfa-orchardgrass hay (46%; CH); CH plus lasalocid (CHL); corn-soybean meal (CS) or CS plus lasalocid (CSL). Sows were fed these diets through two successive gestations with dietary treatment initiated at 35 d post-coitum and continued until parturition. To equalize daily metabolizable energy intake (6.6 Mcal/sow), 2.64 kg of CH and CHL diets and 1.86 kg of CS and CSL diets were fed. Lasalocid intake was 130 mg X sow-1 X d-1. Sows were weighed and backfat measurements were taken at 35 and 109 d of gestation. Sows also were weighed 14 d postpartum. A 14% crude protein corn-soybean meal diet was fed ad libitum to all sows during lactation and feed intake was recorded. Colostrum samples were obtained within 4 h of farrowing. All live piglets were weighed at birth and 14 d of age. There were no significant differences among dietary treatments in number of live piglets born, piglet birth weight, piglet weight at 14 d of age or sow rebreeding efficiency. Sows fed CHL and CSL diets had more (P less than .12) live piglets at 14 d postpartum and lower (P less than .03) total fat in colostrum than did CH- and CS-fed sows. Alfalfa-orchardgrass hay feeding resulted in less (P less than .04) backfat deposition during gestation, more (P less than .04) weight loss from 109 d postcoitum to 14 d postpartum and increased (P less than .002) feed consumption during lactation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adipose Tissue↗
Effects of salinomycin on sow weight change during lactation and on sow reproductive performance.
Forty-five gravid cross-bred sows (mean parity 3.3 +/- .3) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: corn-soybean mean (CS) or CS plus 60 mg salinomycin per kilogram of diet (CSS). Sows were fed their respective diets through two successive parities with dietary treatment initiated at 100 d postcoitum and continued until weaning of the second successive litter. Therefore, sows fed CSS received salinomycin for 14 d before the first parturition and for approximately 153 d before the second parturition. Daily feed intake was restricted to 2 kg.hd-1.d-1 during gestation and to 3 kg.hd-1.d-1 from weaning to breeding. All sows. had ad libitum access to feed during lactation. Sows were weighed 7 d prior to parturition, at weaning and at breeding. Weaning-to-estrus interval and farrowing interval were recorded for all sows. Litters were weighed at birth and weaning. There were no differences (P greater than .05) between dietary treatments in sow weights before parturition, at weaning or at breeding for either first or second farrowing. The CSS-fed sows lost more weight from weaning to breeding after the first (P less than .03) and second (P less than .05) lactation periods than CS-fed sows. The CSS-fed sows tended to gain more (P = .06) weight during lactation than CS-fed sows. There were no differences (P greater than .05) between treatments in lactation feed intake, weaning-to-estrus interval, farrowing interval, litter size born or weaned, litter weights at birth or at weaning, or in sow culling rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Reproductive performance of women with uterine anomalies. An evaluation of 182 cases.
A total of 182 women with uterine anomalies were observed over a period of 18 years. In all, 126 women had 265 pregnancies, fetal survival rate was 66%, perinatal mortality 8% and premature labors occurred in 23%. When the uterine anomalies were grouped according to degree of failure of normal and uterine development, the complete septate uteri had the best fetal survival rate (86%), complete bicornuate uteri (50%) and unicornuate (40%) poorest. Cervical cerclage was applied most in the partial bicornuate uteri (17%), where fetal survival in operated cases was: before operation, 53% and after, 100%. The frequency of breech presentation was 40-50% in all groups except complete septate uteri (25%) and complete bicornuate (0%). The highest cesarean section rate (82%) was in deliveries of patients with uterus didelphys. The frequency of cesarean section among total deliveries was 53%. Metroplasty was carried out on 19 patients. The obstetric outcome improved from 10% successful pregnancies before surgery to 88% postoperatively.
Breech Presentation↗
Genetic and environmental effects upon reproductive performance of Holstein crossbreds in the Sudan.
Data from a herd near Khartoum for 1955 to 1977 were evaluated. Climate was semidesert with most rainfall (151 of 165 mm) in July through September. Mean maximum daily temperatures ranged from 30.7 (January) to 41.1 degrees C (May); mean minima were 14.6 degrees C (January) and 26.9 degrees C (June). Original base population (1907) was Butana with additions of Butana, Dairy Shorthorn, Ayrshire, Guernsey, and Holstein. Breed groups and % Holstein were 1, 0 to 25%; 2, 26 to 49%; 3, 50%; 4, 51 to 71%. Numbers and mean performance were gestation length, 2474, 279 d; services per conception, 2403, 2.07; calving interval, 4004, 441 d; days open, 3204, 165 d. Calving intervals (1689) were shorter for Group 3 -25 to -31 d as were postpartum days open (-27 to -31 d), and number of services per conception was lower (.21 to .37). These animals were Holstein by Butana crossbreds, so their superior performance could reflect effects of heterosis. Gestation lengths were affected by month of parturition (January greater than June, 5.6 d), which also affected services per conception (March greater than August, .75 services). Over time, not gestation length but services per conception, calving interval, and days open increased. Repeatabilities and heritabilities for these measures were .14 and .07; .07 and 0; .10 and 0; .07 and 0. Phenotypic correlation between days open and calving interval was .99 and with gestation length was -.12. Other phenotypic correlations ranged from -.01 to -.04. Heritability of age at first parturition (888) was .31. Estimates were similar to those from temperate dairy areas.
Animals↗
Low impact of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) on growth and reproductive performance of Penaeus monodon.
No controlled studies on the effect of infectous hypodermal and necrosis virus (IHHNV) on Penaeus monodon have been previously reported. Here we describe domesticated P. monodon that became positive for IHHNV and other viruses at variable levels of prevalence during cultivation in 16 open-air, earthen ponds. These were stocked with domesticated postlarvae (PL) that tested negative for 7 shrimp viruses including IHHNV at 6% prevalence in 3 checks using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. These PL were derived from domesticated female broodstock that individually tested negative for the same viruses. At 4 mo of culture, the shrimp in some ponds without obvious mortality tested positive by PCR methods for IHHNV and 3 other viruses at variable levels of maximum estimated prevalence (MEP). Stained tissue sections showed no lesions typical of IHHNV, but in situ hybridization tests with an IHHNV-specific DNA probe were positive. There was no significant difference in mean body weight (i.e. ca. 25 g) between shrimp groups positive or negative for IHHNV. Similar results were obtained with IHHNV negative and positive adults at 1 yr. Adults that individually tested negative for all 7 viruses and some that tested lightly positive for IHHNV were bred for the next generation. There were no significant differences in the number of eggs (> 600 000) and nauplii (ca. 300,000) produced by females negative and positive for IHHNV. From these females, 11/49 (22%) IHHNV PCR-positive PL batches were obtained from PCR-negative spawners, while 8/11 (73%) were obtained from IHHNV PCR-positive spawners. The results suggested that IHHNV infection can be transmitted vertically but does not seriously retard growth of P. monodon or affect fecundity of lightly infected broodstock.
Animals↗
The effects of reserpine on the reproductive performance of breeder turkeys receiving artificial insemination.
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Animals↗
Semen dilution effects on reproductive performance in turkeys.
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Animals↗
Effect of probucol on reproductive performance, egg yolk cholesterol content, and lipid metabolism in the laying hen.
Egg production type chickens were given the drug Probucol in their diets to determine its effect on egg production characteristics, liver lipid metabolism, egg yolk lipid synthesis, and egg yolk cholesterol concentration. In none of the three trials conducted did Probucol feeding affect egg production or body weight. The drug reduced total liver lipogenesis as measured by incorporation of 14C-acetate by surviving liver slices. Relative incorporation of 14C-acetate into cholesterol by liver was increased by the drug. However, in ovo incorporation of 14C-acetate in total yolk lipids remains unchanged and relative incorporation into yolk cholesterol is reduced. As a result, egg yolk cholesterol content is reduced by 5% with the .10% dietary level of drug administration.
Animals↗
The influence of flock uniformity on the reproductive performance of broiler breeder hens housed in cages and floor pens.
Two flocks of broiler breeder hens, differing in uniformity of body weight, were evaluated under cage and floor management systems over a 28-week period. Hens were housed singly in cages (N = 280) or in litter floor pens (N = 304). Caged hens were artificially inseminated with .05 ml of pooled semen once weekly. Floor birds were mated naturally. During the first 10 weeks of production, the more uniform flock exhibited significantly higher egg production than the less uniform flock. Uniformity did not influence cumulative egg production, egg weight, fertility, or mortality. Initial egg production was similar for caged and floor housed hens, but the caged birds attained significantly higher egg production during peak production. Caged females showed higher egg weights and body weights than did the floor females throughout the study. Naturally mated birds attained significantly higher fertility than artificially inseminated birds (94.9 vs. 90.6). Correlation coefficients for the weights of caged hens at 20 and 24 weeks with 24, 32, 40, and 50 week weights, total eggs per bird, and age at first egg indicated that body weight at 24 weeks was a better indicator of subsequent flock performance than was body weight at 20 weeks.
Animals↗
Effect of plane of nutrition from starting to and through the breeder period on reproductive performance of hen turkeys.
Large-type breeder hens were given high (HP) and low (LP) planes of nutrition from day of age to 31 weeks of age. Rearing treatments were then divided, and each was fed HP and LP breeder feeds to 57 weeks. Protein and metabolizable energy (ME) levels of the HP feeds approximated NRC (1977) recommendations, while LP feeds largely involved substitution of corn, fat, and soybean meal for wheat, barley, and oats, such that ME/protein ratio and relative content of essential amino acids were similar between treatments, respective of age. The LP rearing regimen led to reduced hen body weight at 31 weeks. Combining the LP rearing with LP breeder regimen resulted in continuously lighter weights than occurred with the other three treatments to 57 weeks. Carcass fat based on finish grade of sample hens was lower after LP than HP rearing at both 31 and 57 weeks, while the breeder treatments were without effect. Experimental variables neither influenced egg production nor egg weight, but a reduction in the proportion of yolk occurred that was attributable to LP rearing and to a lesser extent the LP breeder feed. Apparent fertility improved with hens that had been LP reared, while feeding the LP breeder led to reduced pip losses, but only if eggs were set within 7 days of being laid. The converse occurred with eggs set after 7 days storage.
Animal Feed↗
Effect of lighting program and nutrition on reproductive performance of molted single comb White Leghorn hens.
Two adjoining rooms in a light-tight, fan-ventilated, insulated house were used for a study involving 320 Single Comb White Leghorn hens, 60 wk of age, placed two per cage. These hens were subjected to an induced molt which compared two lighting programs, two molt rations, two levels of total sulfur amino acids (TSAA), and two levels of ascorbic acid (AA) in a factorial arrangement. There were four treatments. Treatment 1 compared the Washington lighting program (WSU), consisting of an 8-h light photoperiod for 28 days beginning 7 days before fast with the North Carolina program (NCSU), consisting of a 24-h light photoperiod for 7 days prior to fast followed by 12 h light/day for 21 days. After 28 days, light duration was increased to 16 h/day in stages for both programs. Treatment 2 consisted of feeding cracked corn (CC) or 16% protein molt ration (MR) for 2 weeks: Treatment 3, feeding of 14% layer mash with either .60% or .65% TSAA; and Treatment 4, addition of either 0 or 50 ppm AA to the 14% layer mash. After molting, egg production was increased in the NCSU lighting program and .65% TSAA treatments. Feed conversion was improved by the NCSU lighting treatment. Deaths were fewer in diets with 50 ppm AA. Egg weight, specific gravity, and shell weight were not affected by any treatment. A significant light X molt diet interaction occurred due to better performance of MR birds compared with CC birds in the NCSU lighting program, whereas on the WSU lighting program, CC produced better performance. These data indicated that combining features of various molt programs may not produce optimum results.
Animal Husbandry↗
Reproductive performance of medium white breeder toms fed diets with varying metabolizable energy levels and 7% crude protein.
An experiment was conducted to study the effects of feeding diets composed of triticale (var: Flora) with varying ME levels and 7% CP on fertilizing capacity and semen quality of Medium White breeder toms. Thirty-nine breeder toms were fed ad libitum from 30 to 54 wk of age one of four dietary treatments: 14% CP with 2,892 kcal ME/kg; 7% CP with 2,919 kcal ME/kg; 7% CP with 2,719 kcal ME/kg; and 7% CP with 2,539 kcal ME/kg. Semen volume (SV), packed spermatozoa volume (PSCV), BW, testicular weight (TW), and fertilizing capacity of semen were measured. No differences for SV, PSCV, TW, calculated daily feed, and estimated energy consumption were observed among the dietary energy levels fed. The estimated daily protein intake was higher (P less than .05) for toms fed the 14% 2,892-ME diet than 2,539, 2,719, and 2,919-ME diets containing 7% CP. The 7% 2,919-ME diet reduced (P less than .05) the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa, whereas the 7% 2,539-ME diet decreased the percentage of fertile eggs hatched. Under the conditions of this experiment, Medium White breeder toms maintained fertilizing capacity and semen quality when provided a diet containing 7% CP with 2,719 kcal ME/kg.
Animals↗
Effect of body weight, feed allowance, and dietary protein intake during the prebreeder period on early reproductive performance of broiler breeder hens.
In Experiment 1, two groups (n = 180) of breeder pullets were selected at 16 wk from two larger groups with BW of either 1,591 +/- 43 (LBW) or 1,988 +/- 59 g (HBW). From 16 wk of age until a peak feed allotment of 159 g per bird per day, weekly feed allowances were increased in a low (LOW), medium (MED), or high (HIGH) manner. There were significant differences (P less than .05) in BW between the LBW and HBW treatments through 32 wk of age. Within each pullet weight class, the HIGH treatment was numerically heaviest through 32 wk. The HBW hens had significantly improved hen-day production from 24 to 28 (P less than .001) and 28 to 32 wk (P less than .06). The LOW treatment resulted in significantly poorer production in both the LBW and HBW weight groups from 24 to 28 wk. There were no signficant treatment effects on egg weight at a given age. Within each pullet treatment, the HIGH treatment resulted in an increased percentage of double yolked (DY) eggs from 24 to 28 wk (P less than .05) and 28 to 32 wk (P less than .07). In experiment 2, pullets in each of two pullet treatments received approximately 12 kg of feed from 2 to 24 wk of age. One treatment received a greater quantity of feed early in the rearing period (HEAVY) while pullets in the other treatment received a greater quantity of feed later in the rearing period (LIGHT). One-half of the pullets from each rearing treatment were fed either a 14% (LOWPRO) or 18% (HIGHPRO) protein diet during the prelay period (18 to 24 wk). Pullets in the HEAVY treatment were significantly heavier (P less than .01) than those in the LIGHT treatment at 21 but not at 24 wk. The HIGHPRO treatment resulted in a significant improvement (P less than .05) in hen-day egg production from 24 to 28 and 28 to 32 wk. There were no treatment effects on egg weight, and the LOWPRO treatment resulted in a significant increase (P less than or equal to .01) in the number of DY eggs from 28 to 32 wk.
Animals↗
[Clustering, subjective organization and reproduction performance].
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Humans↗
Use of melengestrol acetate (MGA) for improving reproductive performance of dairy cows.
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Animals↗
Influence of restricted suckling and level of feed supplementation on postpartum reproductive performance of zebu and crossbred cattle in the semi-arid tropics.
This study was carried out in central Tanzania on a group of 45 Zebu and 37 crossbred cows which were 4 to 10 years old. At calving time, the animals were allocated to one of the 4 treatment groups. In addition to free access to grazing for all cows in the study, in group H:AR (n = 18), cows were fed a high level of concentrate supplementation (4kg/day) and calves were artificially reared; in group H:RS (n = 24), cows were fed a high level of concentrate supplementation (4kg/day) and calves were only allowed restricted suckling up until the weaning age of 6 months. In group L:AR (n = 23) cows were fed a low level of concentrate supplementation (2kg/day) and calves were artificially reared; and in group L:RS (n = 17) cows were fed a low level of concentrate supplementation (2kg/day) and calves were only allowed restricted suckling up until the weaning age of 6 months. Milk progesterone was used as a means of determining the postpartum resumption interval (PRI) and the interval from parturition to conception (PCI). The overall PRI was 47.4 +/- 0.4 days and was significantly affected by breed but not by calving season, with crossbred cows exhibiting a shorter PRI than Zebu cows. The effect of the treatments was significant, with cows in the group H:AR displaying a significantly shorter PRI than those in the other groups, while cows in group L:RS showed a significantly longer PRI than those in the other groups. The overall PCI was 149.5 +/- 3.7 days, and was not significantly affected by breed or calving season. The effect of the treatments was significant, with cows in the group H:AR having a significantly shorter PCI than cows in the other groups, while cows in group L:RS showed a significantly longer PCI than those in the other groups. Crossbred cows had higher live weights at calving (299.4 kg) than Zebu cows (272.6 kg), while all cows gained weight during the first 3 months after calving. The treatments had a significant effect on weight gain, with cows in the group H:AR gaining significantly more weight than those in the other groups. Cows which had high live weights at calving exhibited significantly shorter PRI and PCI than the lighter cows. Animals which had gained more than 5 kg during the first month after calving, or which had gained more than 8 kg during the first 3 months after calving, showed significantly shorter PRI and PCI than cows which had gained less weight. The results show that the calf rearing system and the level of feed supplementation interact with each other and can influence the postpartum anoestrous period in Zebu and Zebu crossbred cattle. Increasing the level of nutrition in restricted suckling cows tended to improve the postpartum anoestrous period, but the positive effects of supplementation could not completely compensate for the negative effects of suckling.
Animal Feed↗
[Reproductive performance of DES-exposed-female progeny. Consequences of diethylstilbestrol in women whose mothers ingested the substance during pregnancy].
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Abortion, Spontaneous↗