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PubMed1985

Developing educational software for publisher vendors.

This article has provided the principles of CAI development, marketing strategies, information on getting started with CAI, and how to approach publisher vendors. Guidelines for software development proposals have been synthesized from major software publishers in nursing. There is a great demand for courseware that teaches critical thinking skills, problem solving, application, and analysis. Tutorials and simulations are much needed. Computer-assisted testing courseware will also be highly used by teachers at all levels in the future. Opportunity awaits the CAI author in the publishing arena!

Commerce↗

PubMed1984

Tonography software and hardware interface.

A software and hardware interface system was created for an electronic tonography unit, with capabilities for continuous acquisition storage and display on data in both graphic and digital modes. Software was prepared for computation, printout and display of both the facility of outflow coefficient and Po/c values.

Computers↗

PubMed1995

Analysis of continuous nocturnal penile rigidity measurements with the use of the RigiScan summary analysis software program.

The evaluation of the RigiScan nocturnal recordings of 324 patients, 18 to 72 years old (mean age 49 years), according to guidelines based on normal data, were compared with analysis of these recordings by using the RigiScan Summary Analysis Software Program. This enabled us to provide normal values for this program. We conclude that it should be possible to extend this RigiScan software program in such a way that a probability of normality is given to its user. In patients with corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction a significant lower total event duration was found when compared with the results of patients with normal and abnormal findings.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Flow-cytometric lymphocyte phenotyping using automated SimulSET Software gating procedure.

The peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotypes of 20 healthy young normal subjects between the ages 21 and 29 were determined by dual fluorescence analysis with fluorochrome--labeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Samples were prepared by a whole blood lysis technique and analysed on a FACScan flow cytometer using SimulSET Software. Values for lymphocyte subpopulations (percentage and absolute count) are presented. Some values are different in relation to sex. The most important steps in SimulSET software gating procedure of lymphocytes are also described.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

EPIZOO: software for veterinary epidemiology training and problem-solving.

Described is a computer software package, EPIZOO, which has been developed specifically for undergraduate and postgraduate education, self-training, problem-solving, and simulation studies in veterinary epidemiology. The program is based on action-oriented animal population health/disease analyses and programming. EPIZOO runs on IBM-compatible personal computers and can be used for any animal population diseases, including those transmissible to man. The software comprises an integral system of selected indicators contained in twelve modules, with about 200 widely applicable methods used in epizootiology. It is user-friendly and includes general methods related to the following: animal population characteristics of health/disease importance; analysis of animal population health and disease situations, structures, dynamics, diagnoses, and consequences; preparation, cost, and evaluation of animal population health programmes; and selected statistical techniques.

Animal Diseases↗

PubMed1994

Database and software for the analysis of mutations at the human hprt gene.

A computerized database containing DNA sequence information regarding human HPRT mutants has been created. The database itself is in the dBASE format and contains information on about 1500 mutants. In addition, an IBM PC compatible software package to analyze the information in the database has been developed. Both the database and software are freely available via the Internet.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Database and software for the analysis of mutations at the human p53 gene.

A computerized database containing DNA sequence information regarding human p53 mutants has been created. The database itself is in the dBASE format and contains information on nearly 3000 mutants. In addition, an IBM PC compatible software package to analyze the information in the database has been developed. Both the database and software are freely available via the Internet.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Automated fabrication of mobility aids: review of the AFMA process and VA/Seattle ShapeMaker software design.

Computer-aided design and manufacture of prosthetic and orthotic devices has recently moved out of the laboratory into clinical use. The Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Service has directed coordinated evaluation and development projects of this emerging technology under the name: Automated Fabrication of Mobility Aids or AFMA. One of the major results of the effort was the creation of mobility aid design software (ShapeMaker) concurrent with AFMA clinical testing of preexisting systems and development efforts. In order to provide a foundation for future discussions regarding AFMA, this paper provides a descriptive review of the AFMA processes and a review of the conceptual basis for the ShapeMaker AFMA software development.

Artificial Limbs↗

PubMed1993

Predicting behavior of an enzyme-linked immunoassay model by using commercially available neural network software.

Setting up new immunoassays can be a laborious and expensive task. A relatively new form of multivariate analysis known as neural networks can be applied to this problem with potential savings in reagents and technician time. Neural network software programs for personal computers are now available. We applied one such software package (Brainmaker) to a model ELISA system for measuring human serum albumin. Random combinations of four variable ELISA conditions (antigen concentration, primary and secondary antibody titers, and time for chromagen development) were used to train a three-layered feed-forward network. The trained network was then used to predict measured absorbances as a function of the four input variables in separate cross-validation sets. The network adequately predicted the effect of the input variables on the absorbance produced. With use of such methods, optimal conditions for the linear dependence of absorbance on antigen concentration can be evaluated on the computer rather than in the laboratory, with subsequent savings of time and money.

Antibodies↗

PubMed1993

[Clinical application of calculation software of the four rules of arithmetic on computed tomography].

Calculation program software of the four rules of arithmetic in computed tomography (CT) has been introduced for clinical purposes since 1990. Evaluation of hemodynamic reserve and cerebral autoregulation can be calculated using this software in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and delayed cerebral vasospasm after ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Eight hemodynamic maps can be entered and calculation based on the four rules of arithmetic can be performed between them and shown visually. For example, delta CBF [CBF after administration of acetazolamide (B)-CBF before its administration(A)] and % CBF [(B - A)/A x 100] maps are useful in evaluation of the capacity of hemodynamic reserve in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. And delta CBF [CBF before induced hypertension using intravenous dopamine administration (B)-CBF during induced hypertension (A)] and % CBF [(B - A)/A x 100] also can be used in evaluation of cerebral autoregulation and decision concerning indication of the need for induced hypertension during the period of delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Brain↗

PubMed1996

Software standards and the laboratory information system.

Software standards simplify communication and cooperation between applications provided by different software vendors. However, adherence to a rigid standard can stifle innovation. Open standards, which are not proprietary to any particular vendor, are particularly useful. Many standard-setting organizations have provided useful tools for laboratory informatics, including the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, and the College of American Pathologists. Data communication standards, such as ASTM 1238, HL7, and Digital Image Communication of Medicine, have reduced the cost and improved the timeliness of interfaces. Nomenclatures, particularly the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED), have facilitated the structuring of medical information, and decision rules can be communicated with ASTM E1460. Laboratory Observation Identifier Names and Codes has eased the problem of identifying tests during interchange of laboratory data. Implementation standards are useful references for those deploying information systems. Standards have provided multiple benefits to laboratories and to the health care organizations of which they are a component.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗

PubMed1996

Compliance study in peritoneal dialysis using PD Adequest software.

Poor compliance in peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a significant cause of dropout and morbidity. PD Adequest software, which, through a mathematical model, predicts the effect of the dialysis prescription on the basis of the peritoneal transport, may be used to identify the noncompliant patient. Fifty patients from two dialysis centers, aged 65.9 +/- 1.5 years and on PD for 28.6 +/- 4.7 months, were studied. A peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was carried out and 24-hour urine and dialysate were collected. Total weekly creatinine clearance (CrCl, L/week/1.73 m2) was calculated, as well as the glomerular filtration rate [(GFR), mL/min, mean CrCl and urea nitrogen clearance (UNCI)]. The dialytic schedules used were then introduced into the program and the parameters were recalculated using the software model. Nine patients considered noncompliant from their case histories were used to assess the differences of reference between expected and measured values. The control group was significantly different from the noncompliant group in the percentage of the CrCl and the serum creatinine (sCR) differences. The noncompliance threshold value was calculated from the mean of the lower 95% confidence interval of the compliant group and the higher one of the noncompliant group (-5.3%) for CrCl and vice versa for sCR (+10%), which behaved to the contrary. Reassessing the patients, 11 (22%) were identified as probably noncompliant.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of a Russian software-hardware package for the quantitative analysis of coronary angiograms].

The software and hardware complex developed by the Cardiology Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, jointly with the Technomash Research Production Association on the basis of a IBM 386DX personal computer equipped with a VS-100 video controller and a DS P31 VS signal processor board. Testing has indicated that it provides a qualitative image and a quantitative analysis both of phantoms and real images of coronarograms, but more accurately in the analysis of the image obtained from a film projector. Valid results are yielded when lenses more than 1 mm in diameter are used. Clinical tests have shown that the software and hardware complex may yield a rather qualitative image and calculate the required diameter of a vessel, virtually without prolonging the time of intervention, which is particularly important while making intervention procedures and implementing research programmes.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗

PubMed1996

Design of a high resolution image cytometer with open software architecture.

A relatively inexpensive, non-proprietary high resolution color pathology workstation is described. Hardware consists of a JVC frame capture camera with adjustable resolution up to 4416 x 3456, matching frame grabber and a Unix workstation. Analytic software was developed using Khoros 1.0.5, a powerful and flexible system for the development of image analysis applications that is based on a visual programming language. Applications have been developed for DNA ploidy, quantitative immunohistochemistry and texture and shape analysis. The instrument's software is uniquely extensible and transparent, and has been made publicly available over the Internet.

Cell Physiological Phenomena↗

PubMed1996

Toward reusable software components at the point of care.

An architecture built from five software components -a Router, Parser, Matcher, Mapper, and Server -fulfills key requirements common to several point-of-care information and knowledge processing tasks. The requirements include problem-list creation, exploiting the contents of the Electronic Medical Record for the patient at hand, knowledge access, and support for semantic visualization and software agents. The components use the National Library of Medicine Unified Medical Language System to create and exploit lexical closure-a state in which terms, text and reference models are represented explicitly and consistently. Preliminary versions of the components are in use in an oncology knowledge server.

Computer Systems↗

PubMed1996

[Computer-assisted analysis of sleep stages using the laboratory software package "Spike 2"].

We used a laboratory software package for data capture and data analysis (Spike 2, CED) to develop a computerised sleep staging. The modular software is programmed to extract the following data: power spectral density in the alpha and delta frequency bands with fast Fourier Transformation, K-complexes using pattern recognition on the basis of signal amplitude and zero level crossings, sleep spindles using auto-correlation of the EEG signal, rapid eye movements with pattern recognition of the bipolar EOG signal using amplitude and time differences, and muscle tone from the rectified and integrated submental EMG signal. These results are displayed together with the raw signals of EEG, EOG, and chin EMG on a user-defined time scale. Thus visual scoring of sleep stages is easter. Furthermore a decision table, containing the sequence and weighting factors for the extracted parameters, serves to perform an automated sleep scoring.

Fourier Analysis↗

PubMed1996

An object-oriented class library for medical software development.

The objective of this research is the development of a Medical Object Library (MOL) consisting of reusable, inheritable, portable, extendable C++ classes that facilitate rapid development of medical software at reduced cost and increased functionality. The result of this research is a library of class objects that range in function from string and hierarchical file handling entities to high level, procedural agents that perform increasingly complex, integrated tasks. A system built upon these classes is compatible with any other system similarly constructed with respect to data definitions, semantics, data organization and storage. As new objects are built, they can be added to the class library for subsequent use. The MOL is a toolkit of software objects intended to support a common file access methodology, a unified medical record structure, consistent message processing, standard graphical display facilities and uniform data collection procedures. This work emphasizes the relationship that potentially exists between the structure of a hierarchical medical record and procedural language components by means of a hierarchical class library and tree structured file access facility. In doing so, it attempts to establish interest in and demonstrate the practicality of the hierarchical medical record model in the modern context of object oriented programming.

Humans↗

PubMed1997

[Computer softwares for DNA diagnosis: GeneViewPLUS and Mutation View].

We have developed two computer softwares GeneViewPLUS and Mutation View. GeneViewPLUS is designed to quickly display chromosomal mapping information on human genes and diseases whereas Mutation View is designed to display mutations of disease-causing genes. Both softwares are operated on UNIX workstation with X-window.

Chromosome Mapping↗