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PubMed2000

Vitaxin applied molecular evolution.

Vitaxin is a humanized version of LM-609 (an mAb licensed from the Scripps Research Institute and Dr David Cheresh in May 1994, which blocks the integrin receptor, alpha v beta 3) [172038]. It is in phase II trials for the potential treatment of leiomyosarcoma [316471] and is also being studied in phase I trials as an anti-inflammatory and potential rheumatoid arthritis therapy [364031,313665]. Vitaxin and non-peptides are under evaluation for use in the treatment of other diseases in which vitronectin is reputed to play a role, e.g., arthritis, psoriasis and other inflammatory diseases. Patent positions are being established on these and other applications, as well as on the structure and use of the non-RGD proteins [182507].

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Study on molecular evolution for both variable segments of immunoglobulin heavy chain and T cell receptor].

In order to explain difference and similarity in producing antibody diversity between immunoglobulin (Ig) and T cell receptor (TCR), authors compared both codon substitution and concerted evolution rate between the variable segment of Ig heavy (Ig VH) and that of TCR (TCR V). The protein sequences of TCR V alpha (including 8 gene segments from mouse and 3 from human), TCR V beta (including 11 from mouse and one from human) and T cell V gamma (including 2 from mouse and 4 from human) were compiled, as well as the protein sequences of Ig VH (3 from human, 11 from mouse, 3 from caiman and one from shark) were collected. It is shown that: (1) the nucleotide substitution of TCR V segment is 2.4 times as large as that of Ig VH in coding region; (2) as for concerted evolution, gene duplicate rates in TCR V and Ig VH are 1.7 X 10(-8) and 1.6 X 10(-8)/gene/year, respectively. The number of TCR V(V alpha equals to 100 and V beta equals to 30) is less than the one of Ig VH (VH equals to 300), for TCR V is subject to negative selection of major histocompatibility complex according to the neutral theory. We discussed that is somatic mutation or DNA rearrangement the main force in producing antibody diversity and are there pseudogenes in TCR V or not.

Animals↗