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Results for “Behavior, Addictive”

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PubMed2000

["Addictive" personality].

The paper presents an observation of 100 patients (84 men, 16 women) aged 13-50 years (mean 25 +/- 6.7 years) with different forms of drug addiction, namely: heroin, opiate, pervitin-ephedrone addiction as well as polynarcomanias. The duration of drug addiction ranged from 1 to 24 years (mean 4.35 +/- 2.25 years). No matter what the type of a drug was abused, all patients had levelled off individual personal traits and some formed peculiar narcomanic defect. It was characterized by elevated excitability, gradually progressing affective disorders in form of dysphoric or apathoabulic depressions, affective lability, prevailing hysteric-excitable forms of responses, psychosocial dysfunction as gradually decreasing interests, different anomalies of the emotional sphere, impuls control disorders, including sexual ones. A moral-ethic decrease was pronounced as well as transient intellectual-mnestic disturbances. By and large personality disorders were qualified as an "addictive personality".

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Relationship between craving and personality in treatment-seeking women with substance-related disorders.

BACKGROUND: Individual differences may impact susceptibility to addiction. The impact of personality features on drug craving, however, has not been studied, particularly in women. METHODS: Ninety-five treatment-seeking women with substance dependence, abstinent for at least 5 and no more than 21 days, were investigated regarding the correlation between personality factors and craving. Personality was assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO-PI-R), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version 11 (BIS-11). Cravings were assessed through the Pennsylvania Craving Scale (PCS), and the Craving Questionnaire (CQ). Anxiety and depressive symptomatology were also recorded. RESULTS: Craving scores were positively correlated with depression and negatively correlated with number of days abstinent from substance use. Also, craving scores were positively associated with the novelty-seeking factor from the TCI and the total score on the BIS-11, and negatively associated with the conscientiousness and agreeableness facets of the NEO-PI-R. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that personality features, particularly impulsiveness, can be important predictors of craving in women, which has important implications for treatment planning.

Behavior, Addictive↗

PubMed2002

Decision biases and persistent illicit drug use: an experimental study of distributed choice and addiction.

This experiment tested the hypothesis that differences in drug use are correlated with differences in decision making. The subjects were 22 drug clinic patients who had used either opiates or stimulants for an average of 10 years, and 21 community residents who reported that they had rarely used illicit addictive drugs. The procedure consisted of a series of binary choices with two consequences; they earned money and determined the intervals that separated choice trials. Each choice earned the same amount of money, but one initiated a shorter delay to the next trial, whereas the other initiated a shorter delay as averaged over the next two trials. Shorter delays were advantageous in that they increased the overall rate of earnings and they reduced the time spent waiting for the next trial. Thus, one choice was better from the perspective of the current trial, while the other choice was better from the perspective of two or more consecutive trials. Drug-clinic patients were more likely to favor the one-trial solution compared with control subjects, who were more likely to favor the two-trial solution. There were five different choice games, with different versions varying in the magnitude of the advantage for switching from the two-trial to the one-trial solution. Drug clinic and control subjects differed most in the games in which the immediate advantage of the one-trial solution was larger, and all subjects were more likely to choose the global solution when the incentive for switching to the one-trial solution was lower. The results support the view that individual differences in decision making influence the course of illicit drug use.

Adult↗

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