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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Accidents caused by iontophoresis].

Ionophoresis is a well-established treatment for idiopathic hyperhidrosis. Modern apparatuses are reliable as long as the electrical equipment is used correctly. The authors present five cases of cutaneous incidents resulting in burns and secondary necrosis. Two of the cases could be explained by defective protection and the other three were apparently of the same type although non confirmation could be established. In comparison with uneventful incidences (pruritus, erythematous reactions, dysaesthesia) these spectacular burns should not exist. Machines must be regularly check and only electrodes with optimal protection should be used.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Temporomandibular joint iontophoresis: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.

This double-blind study evaluated the short-term effect of iontophoretic delivery of dexamethasone on the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in patients who had concurrent temporomandibular joint disc displacement without reduction and capsulitis. Twenty-seven patients with this clinical diagnosis were randomized to one of three groups: treatment group (dexamethasone sodium phosphate and lidocaine hydrochloride); control group (lidocaine hydrochloride); and placebo group (pH-buffered saline). Pretreatment and posttreatment data included items to calculate Helkimo's Anamnestic Dysfunction index, Helkimo's Clinical Dysfunction index, the Symptom Severity Index, and the Craniomandibular Index (CMI). The CMI is composed of the Dysfunction index (DI) and Muscle index. Analysis of variance showed no baseline differences on these measures between the three groups. Pretreatment and posttreatment values were compared with the paired t tests. Posttreatment, the treatment group had an increased mean maximal active mandibular opening of 6 mm (P = .02), increased mean lateral excursion of 1.2 mm to the noninvolved side (P = .05), and reduced mean DI scores of 0.51 to 0.39 (P = .01); no statistically significant decrease in pain symptoms was reported. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference in the DI scores (P = .04) between groups from pretreatment to posttreatment, with the treatment group showing the greatest improvement in the DI scores relative to the other two groups. No other questionnaire items, exam items, or resultant indexes showed changes in any of the groups at P < or = .05. These results suggest that iontophoretic delivery of dexamethasone and lidocaine was effective in improving mandibular function, but not in reducing pain, in temporomandibular disorders patients who had concurrent temporomandibular joint capsulitis and disc displacement without reduction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

A mechanism of skin appendage macropores electroactivation during iontophoresis.

A physical mechanism of activation of skin appendage macropores under the influence of an electric field is considered theoretically. The macropore is considered as a long cylinder tube which is closed and flattened out before the electric field is applied. The charging of the capacitance of the macropore walls is the driving force of electroactivation. During this process the free energy of the system decreases, which is energetically favourable and results in water pulled into the tube and to a gradual opening of the tube. It is shown that consideration of the macropore wall conductance leads to a considerable slowdown of electroactivation. The opening time of a separate macropore is estimated. It is equal to 30 min for a macropore 4 mm in length. The dependence of the surface density of activated macropores on time is calculated theoretically. The obtained theoretical results are in a good agreement with the literature data.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1984

Excitatory effect of dehydroepiandrosterone, its sulphate ester and pregnenolone sulphate, applied by iontophoresis and pressure, on single neurones in the septo-preoptic area of the guinea pig.

When dehydroepiandrosterone (D), its ester sulphate (DS) and pregnenolone sulphate (PS) were applied iontophoretically or by pressure to neurones in the septo-preoptic area, an excitatory effect was observed. DS and PS, applied on the same neurone, always produced a similar effect. When DS and D were tested, some neurones were excited by both steroids whereas others responded to DS but were unaffected by D. DS-, PS- and D-induced responses displayed a short latency in onset and offset, suggesting an action at the membrane level as for other steroids.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Morphology of cortically projecting basal forebrain neurons in the rat as revealed by intracellular iontophoresis of horseradish peroxidase.

The intracellular horseradish peroxidase technique was employed to study the morphology of basal forebrain neurons that were identified as cortically projecting by antidromic invasion from the cerebral cortex. Four neurons were examined in detail; they were located at different rostrocaudal levels within the basal forebrain. Their somata were large, 30-50 microns in longest dimension, and gave rise to three to eight primary dendrites, which ramified into third- to fifth-order dendrites. The longest observed dendrite in each neuron terminated at a distance of 600-900 microns from the soma. The sizes of soma and dendritic field of the two most rostrally located cells were smaller than those of the other two cells located more caudally. Dendritic spines were seen in all four cortically projecting basal forebrain neurons. Spines had shafts of variable lengths, and usually had spherical or elongated heads. The density of spines varied among the four neurons; one neuron, a type II cortically projecting basal forebrain neurons as defined physiologically by Reiner et al., had a much greater number of dendritic spines than the other three neurons, which were type I neurons. No somatic spines were observed. Presumptive axons were identified in three of the four cortically projecting basal forebrain neurons. These axons originated from either the soma or a primary dendrite, and two of them gave off local collaterals, which displayed occasional bouton-like swellings. The above observations confirm and extend previous findings that cortically projecting neurons in the basal forebrain are large multipolar cells, and provide evidence to support the conclusion that these cells, although somewhat variable in size, generally have extensive dendrites which display frequent spines.

Afferent Pathways↗