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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[The participation of glutaminergic transmission in the mechanism of movement disorders induced by reverse rotation in white mice].

Administration of MK-801 or IEM-1754 prevented akinesia in mice induced by reversing rotation, not less effectively than scopolamine. Quaternary adamantane derivative IEM-1857 was ineffective. IEM-1925 enhanced the locomotor disturbance induced by reversing rotation due, probably, to different spectrum of its antiglutamate action. The data obtained suggest involvement of glutamate synaptic transmission in development of locomotor disturbances of a vestibular origin.

Adamantane↗
PubMed2005

The effect of deep brain stimulation on quality of life in movement disorders.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a viable treatment alternative for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor (ET), dystonia, and cerebellar outflow tremors. When poorly controlled, these disorders have detrimental effects on the patient's health related quality of life (HRQoL). Instruments that measure HRQoL are useful tools to assess burden of disease and the impact of therapeutic interventions on activities of daily living, employment, and other functions. We systematically and critically reviewed the literature on the effects of DBS on HRQoL in PD, ET, dystonia, and cerebellar outflow tremor related to multiple sclerosis.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1999

Influenza A encephalitis with movement disorder.

Influenza A is an uncommon but well-recognized cause of viral encephalitis in childhood, occurring most commonly during community influenza outbreaks. The authors report four cases of influenza A encephalitis that occurred during an Australian epidemic in 1997-1998. Choreoathetosis during the acute phase of infection or basal ganglia involvement on neuroimaging was observed in three of the four patients. These findings in pediatric encephalitis are suggestive of influenza A infection and may guide investigation and early diagnosis.

Basal Ganglia↗
PubMed1985

[Psychotherapeutic possibilities in patients with definitive movement disorders].

Since traumas leading to severe and permanent physical handicaps affect the whole personality, the psychological approach plays a major role in the rehabilitation of patients with locomotory handicaps owing to injury. The harmful effects become apparently more easily on account of the disturbed personality development of the cripple, and the consequent mental changes complicate his or her reintegration into society. Rehabilitation measures intended to restore, as far as possible, the physical functions can only yield satisfactory results if they prepare the whole personality of the cripple--as a combined psychological and somatic entity--for life of a different quality.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1999

The treatment of movement disorders using Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery.

In this era of modern neurosurgery, we are able to provide adequate amelioration of disabling symptoms for the small subset of patients who have conditions that may make them unacceptable candidates for invasive stereotactic neurosurgical intervention. Gamma Knife radiosurgical thalamotomy is an effective and useful alternative to invasive radiofrequency techniques for patients at high surgical risk. The mechanical accuracy of the gamma unit combined with the anatomical accuracy of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging makes radiosurgical lesioning safe and precise.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Nonparkinsonism movement disorders in the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this article is to review the clinical presentation and pharmacologic management of essential tremor and tardive dyskinesia. DATA SOURCES: The MEDLINE (1966-August 2005), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-August 2005) databases were searched for original research and review articles published in English. The search terms were essential tremor and tardive dyskinesia. Reference lists from articles were also consulted. DATA SYNTHESIS: Essential tremor is most commonly manifested as a postural or action tremor of the upper extremities. Midline regions such as the head and voice are also commonly affected. Based on review of the literature, propranolol and primidone are the current pharmacologic mainstays for treating essential tremor of the upper extremities. The choice of agent depends on patient-specific factors such as underlying medical conditions. Other agents with demonstrated efficacy include gabapentin and topiramate. Benzodiazepines are effective adjunctive agents, but should be utilized judiciously in the elderly. Botulinum toxin is effective for essential tremor of the voice and head. Surgery is very effective, but may not be appropriate in the frail elderly and should be avoided in the presence of cognitive impairment. Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by involuntary choreoathetoid movements of the orofacial region. For the management of tardive dyskinesia, emphasis is placed on primary prevention and early recognition of signs and symptoms. In some cases, discontinuation of the offending agent can result in reversal of symptoms. If a conventional neuroleptic is the causative agent, switching to an atypical antipsychotic may be helpful. Overall, few treatments have proven to be consistently useful. Other agents that may be helpful include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, amantadine, baclofen, benzodiazepines, branched chain amino acids, gabapentin, levetiracetam, pyridoxine, verapamil, and vitamin E. CONCLUSION: Current pharmacologic agents for essential tremor can be expected to provide partial benefit. However, agents for the symptomatic management of tardive dyskinesia are limited, and additional research is warranted in this area.

Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors↗
PubMed2005

Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders and pain.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an expanding field within neurosurgery. With many neurosurgeons performing relatively small numbers of these procedures, detailed descriptions of the technical aspects and nuances of DBS may be worthwhile. We describe our technique for DBS, based on over 300 procedures. This methodology continues to evolve and is refined according to our own experience, our observations of others, technological innovations, and information derived from the neurosurgical literature. The indications for DBS in our service are outlined, the anatomical targets described, and the anaesthetic and surgical aspects detailed.

Deep Brain Stimulation↗
PubMed2002

Irving S. Cooper and his role in intracranial stimulation for movement disorders and epilepsy.

Dr. Irving Cooper (1922-1985) was a pioneer in the field of functional neurosurgery. After years of treating patients with tremor by creating deep lesions with either anterior choroidal artery ligation or cryogenic thalamotomy, he began to utilize methods of electrical cerebral stimulation as treatment for a variety of disorders. Chronic cerebellar stimulation was employed for patients with epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and dystonia. While Dr. Cooper believed his results to be significant, there still remain many challenges to his claims. Later in his career, he placed deep brain electrodes in the internal capsule and thalamus for epilepsy and dystonia. His encouraging results from this small series were often overlooked. This paper reviews the science behind Dr. Cooper's work, his case series, and the controversies surrounding his results.

Electric Stimulation↗
PubMed1997

Different effect of chronic electrical stimulation of the region of the superior cerebellar peduncle and the nucleus ventralis intermedius of the thalamus in the treatment of movement disorders.

The stereotactic target for essential tremor is usually restricted to the nucleus ventralis intermedius of the thalamus, where total immediate suppression of tremor is obtained by continuous chronic electrical stimulation. According to authors' experience in cerebral palsy, chronic stimulation of the region of the superior cerebellar peduncle can diminish spasticity and dyskinesias. The effect of this stimulation is gradual and persists, so stimulation is applied 3-8 times daily for 15-20 min, and is accompanied by a feeling of pleasure. After interruption of chronic stimulation, the effects last for days or weeks. It is suggested that the changes in synaptic connections--reactive synaptogenesis--can also contribute.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Management of movement disorders in glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: anticholinergic drugs and botulinum toxin as additional therapeutic options.

Glutaric aciduria type I is an inborn error of metabolism due to the deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, an enzyme responsible for the catabolism of lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan. The most important neurological symptoms include dyskinesia and dystonia, which can be focal, segmental or generalized. Treatment of the extrapyramidal syndrome is often unsatisfactory. We report our experience in the treatment of generalized and focal dystonia with anticholinergic drugs and botulinum toxin type A, respectively. Both therapies proved beneficial.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Case of the month: August 1997--a 13 year old girl with progressive movement disorder.

A 13-year-old girl presented with a two year history of declining school performance, loss of coordination, and increased difficulty with sports. The family history was positive for Huntington's disease (HD). An MRI was suggestive for bilateral atrophy of the caudate. HD is autosomal dominant and the HD gene contains a polymorphic trinucleotide (CAG) repeat, which is expanded beyond 36 CAG repeats in HD. This patient had one normal-sized allele and one abnormally expanded allele with 68 CAG repeats, confirming the clinical diagnosis of HD. Juvenile onset of HD is uncommon, and is associated with unusually large CAG repeat numbers as was observed in this patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Clinical evaluation of computed tomography-guided versus ventriculography-guided thalamotomy for movement disorders.

38 patients with Parkinsonian or essential tremor who underwent thalamotomy based on ventriculographic coordinates were compared to 23 patients whose thalamotomy was performed on the basis of computed tomography (CT)-derived target coordinates. The comparison between the two groups concerned the age, sex, duration of disease, target side, intra-operative target correction, duration of postoperative stay in hospital, transient side-effects, permanent complication, and tremor alleviation. The study showed that the surgical results in terms of tremor control were the same in the two groups. However, the percentage of post-operative transient side-effects was higher and the duration of stay in hospital was longer for the ventriculographic patients than for the CT patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[A role of segmental disturbances in formation of movement disorders in patients with infantile cerebral palsy].

Clinico-electromyographical analysis has been conducted in patients with a late residual stage of cerebral palsy (CP). Multilevel CNS lesion with upper segmental and segmental involvement was detected in 19.1% of the patients with CP combined with progressive deformations of lower extremities joints in need of orthopedic-surgical treatment. The presence of segmental motoneuron disturbances in CP patients considerably worsens the clinical pattern of the disease that demands changes in policy of rehabilitation and surgical treatment. Electromyography with assessment of motor units activity potentials and turn-amplitude analysis with assessment of needle electrodes are the most informative diagnostic methods for CP patients suspected to have segmental motorneuron disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

L-dopa-responsive movement disorder caused by Nocardia asteroides localized in the brains of mice.

Nocardia asteroides can cause infections in the brain of humans and a variety of animals. In mice, invasion of the central nervous system results in specific neurologic signs. Following intravenous injection of various doses of log-phase N. asteroides GUH-2 into female BALB/c mice, localization and growth of nocardial cells within the brains were determined, histopathological sections were prepared, and Nissl substance and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity were observed. Mice were monitored for the development of neurologic signs, and their responsiveness to L-dopa was determined. It was shown that nocardial cells became localized within specific regions of the brain and then underwent rapid growth followed by a delayed clearance, and there was no inflammatory response at the site of invasion for 24 h. Mice that received a subclinical dose of nocardiae developed specific neurologic signs that emerged following the elimination of nocardial cells from the brain. On the basis of the specific signs, mice could be divided into distinct groups. One group consisted of animals that had a form of hemiparesis that did not respond to L-dopa. They expressed a deviation of the head and a tendency to roll, and when suspended by the tail they would spin rapidly. The second group of mice developed a rhythmic, uncontrolled vertical shake of the head (four to five times per s) tremulous movement, stooped posture, restlessness, and no signs of hemiparesis. The head shakes were temporarily stopped by treatment with L-dopa. Mice that expressed head shakes had a loss of Nissl substance and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the neurons of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental areas of the brain. Hyaline inclusion bodies that resembled Lewy bodies were found in the neurons of mice with head shake 1 month after infection. Therefore, mice infected with N. asteroides may serve as a model for studying parkinsonian signs and other degenerative diseases involving extrapyramidal and pyramidal systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Non-epileptic paroxysmal movement disorders].

Non-epileptic paroxysmal dyskinesias present with different forms of extrapyramidal hyperkinesias (dystonia, chorea, athetosis, ballism) in variable combinations and with cerebellar signs, respectively. They may be classified as: 1. paroxysmal dystonias/choreoathetoses (paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis = PDC), paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis = PKC, intermediate form) and 2. paroxysmal ataxias (PA) (PA with myokymia and neuromyotonia, azetazolamide-responsive PA). Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia is now regarded as one form of nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Research in molecular genetics has substantially contributed to the etiologic understanding of paroxysmal dyskinesias: In different families linkage has been successfully completed for PDC (chromosome 2q) and PA (chromosomes 12p, 19p). PA are now identified as channelopathies with mutations in the potassium channel (PA with myokymia and neuromyotonia) and the calcium channel gene (azetazolamide-responsive PA).

Athetosis↗
PubMed1985

Gamma-vinyl-GABA treatment of tardive dyskinesia and other movement disorders.

We conducted a single-blind trial of gamma-vinyl-GABA (GVG) in nine patients: seven with tardive dyskinesia, one with Meige syndrome, and one with Tourette syndrome. Five tardive dyskinesia patients completed the entire 11-week study and, as a group, demonstrated significant decreases in dyskinesia scores. Four of these five tardive dyskinesia patients showed clinically evident improvement, with approximately 30% reduction in dyskinetic symptoms. Other patients had no clinical benefit from GVG. Three patients had transient exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms after sudden withdrawal of GVG, and one patient experienced dose-related confusional episodes. Our results suggest that GABAergic drugs may have a role in treating patients with tardive dyskinesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Alpha methylparatyrosine and tetrabenazine in movement disorders.

Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that alpha methylparatyrosine (AMPT), an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, can potentiate the effects of other dopamine antagonists. We therefore treated patients having various forms of dystonia and chorea with tetrabenazine (TBZ), and then added AMPT to determine if further improvement could be obtained. Side effects of both drugs were common, and they often necessitated withdrawal of the drug. Patients with Huntington's chorea and tardive dyskinesia were improved by TBZ. They obtained additional benefit from the combination of AMPT and TBZ. The results in the dystonia patients were disappointing with both drugs. Although a small number of patients did improve, and short- and long-term remissions occurred in a few, most patients with dystonia were not benefited by either drug.

Adult↗