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Results for “Nephrectomy”

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At least 1,207 records · Page 67Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

[A case of polycystic kidney with bilateral nephrectomy].

A 56-year-old woman in chronic hemodialysis had been suffering from uncontrollable fever for the past 7 months. Her original disease was diagnosed as familial polycystic kidney and three of her five brothers were found to have the same disease. Her chromosome was 46,XX,21P+ and laboratory examination revealed severe anemia, malnutrition, liver dysfunction, pyuria and candidiasis of urine. Abdominal echogram and CT scan revealed polycystic kidneys and multiple liver cysts. She was admitted to our hospital and was diagnosed as having pyelonephritis of the right kidney. As her condition was not improved by conservative therapy right nephrectomy was performed. One month later, spiking fever and left tenderness reappeared. Those symptoms could not be controlled by conservative therapy and left nephrectomy was performed again. Pathological examination on nephrectomized kidneys showed interstitial nephritis, hyaline degeneration and proliferative change of glomeruli, microabscess, colloid of tubules and calcification of parts of Henle's loops. Nephrectomy has been performed in 1.6 to 10.0% of polycystic kidneys due to references since 1952. Eight of the 22 polycystic kidneys (36.3%) seen at our hospital during the past 10 years have been removed.

Female↗

PubMed1987

Graft failure and graft nephrectomy without severe complications.

The courses of 34 graft failures leading to graft nephrectomy in 19 patients were examined retrospectively. Cyclosporin (CsA) was the sole immunosuppressive in 70% of the cases, and azathioprine-prednisolone in 30%. Having diagnosed graft failure, the immunosuppressive treatment was continued for about 2-3 months and then tapered slowly. No deaths related to graft failure were recorded. In three cases a delay in graft nephrectomy caused complications such as sepsis and coagulopathy. We conclude that continuing immunosuppression a few months after having diagnosed graft failure may postpone or avoid graft nephrectomy while steroid withdrawal symptoms do not complicate the course at the time of graft failure.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

[Marginal nephrectomy for the removal of coral calculi].

Efforts aimed at surgical solutions conserving the organs obtained importance also in renal surgery in recent years. This fact meant a milestone in the life of patients suffering from coral calculi, since it has been recommended to perform nephrectomy only in rare cases, and in the majority of cases young mothers were concerned. On the basis of the operation material comprising 12 cases--out of which some cases are described--the points of view of the marginal nephrectomy are discussed in detail. Among the modified techniques on the one hand the hairpin-shaped suture, on the other in the case of the local disease of the calyx system the marginal nephrectomy combined with wedge-shaped resection are explained, for the reduction of the danger of a recidivation of calculi an essential importance is ascribed to the last mentioned method.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

High incidence of hypertension in older patients after unilateral nephrectomy. A retrospective study.

Twenty-six normotensive patients, who underwent unilateral nephrectomy for nontumoral urological diseases, were reevaluated. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 13.8 +/- 0.7 years. Eleven patients developed hypertension, and 15 patients remained normotensive. The former were 47.1 +/- 3.3 years old, and the latter 36.5 +/- 2.9 years old at the time of nephrectomy (P less than 0.02). The mean preoperative systolic blood pressure was higher in the group of 11 hypertensive patients (126.7 +/- 2.4 mm Hg) than in the 15 normotensive patients (118.2 +/- 2.9 mm Hg), P less than 0.04. Preoperative diastolic blood pressure was similar in the two groups (77.8 +/- 1.5 vs. 75 +/- 2 mm Hg). Preoperative and follow-up serum creatinine levels were similar in both groups. Mean creatinine clearance (Ccr) at the time of follow-up was not significantly different in the hypertensive patients compared with the normotensive patients. One patient developed proteinuria and chronic renal failure (Ccr of 31 ml/min). Two other patients with normal Ccr had a daily protein excretion of 840 and 2,000 mg/24 h, respectively. The incidence of hypertension, after nephrectomy, of 75% in patients greater than 55 years old seems to be significantly higher than the 30% reported in an aged-matched normal Israeli population. This did not apply to the patients less than 55 years old. In most of the cases, long-term follow-up did not reveal significant uninephrectomy induced changes in renal function.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.

Although radical nephrectomy must still be considered optimal curative therapy for patients with localized renal cell carcinoma and a normal opposite kidney, partial nephrectomy is the treatment of choice when localized renal cell carcinoma is present bilaterally or in a solitary functioning kidney. In such patients, partial nephrectomy allows complete surgical excision of the primary tumor while preserving sufficient renal parenchyma to avoid the need for renal replacement therapy. Parenchyma-sparing techniques are detailed in this article.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗

PubMed1986

Influence of cyclosporine A on adaptive hypertrophy after unilateral nephrectomy in the rat.

The functional challenge to a transplanted kidney is comparable to that of a single kidney after unilateral nephrectomy. The single kidney model was used in rats to study the influence of the immunosuppressant CyA. Using this model interference with immunological or preservation/transplantation problems can be excluded. Two month old rats were studied 4 weeks after unilateral nephrectomy. After unilateral nephrectomy the juvenile rats had been fed for 28 days with 10 or 15 mg/kg BW CyA daily. These rats were compared to intact control rats and to age-matched uni-nephrectomized rats. Single kidney weight was measured in one group. Single kidney function was measured in a second group, first in the metabolic cage and then in experiments with isolated kidneys perfused under standard conditions. The glomerular filtration coefficient Kf was measured by micropuncture techniques. Glomerular capillary surface area was estimated after perfusion fixation in order to calculate the effective hydraulic permeability k of the glomerular capillary wall (k = Kf/S). Standard allogeneic skin transplantation across the MHC barrier was used to establish that the CyA dosage used was immunosuppressive. The results showed that the single kidney mass (as a measure of tubular hypertrophy) and GFR were suppressed under the influence of CyA compared to controls. Analysis of glomerular filtration parameters in the isolated perfused kidneys on the single nephron level had the following results: a small increase of the glomerular capillary surface (morphometry) was suppressed under CyA, whereas the effective hydraulic permeability (k) increased by almost 40% whether CyA was given or not.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1979

[Familial nonendemic hemolytic uremic syndrome: nephrectomy and transplantation (author's transl)].

A case of familial hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in a four"year-old boy is reported. In his family four adult members are affected with the same disease. In the present patient we decided to perform bilateral nephrectomy because of the inexorable evolution of the disease. The intervention was followed by a distinct improvement, both from the clinical and the laboratory point of view. The child has profited of a renal transplantation. Unfortunately, he died three weeks later because of a severe urological complication. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of bilateral nephrectomy and transplantation on the clinical, laboratory and pathologic anatomical findings, and to analyze the literature, in order to find out whether these measures should be applied in the treatment of familial HUS with severe evolution. The observations seem to confirm the hypothesis of a renal pathogenesis of primary non endemic familial HUS. Nephrectomy seems to stop the disease, and the risk of a recurrence of the HUS after transplantation may be small. The occurrence of the disease in five family members in three generations was interpreted in favour of a genetic predisposition with a dominant gene.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1985

[Compensatory hypertrophy of the healthy kidney as an important prerequisite for nephrectomy of the small kidney].

In children with hypertension and unilateral small kidney blood pressure may be normalized by nephrectomy of the small kidney; but hypertension may persist, if the contralateral kidney is not normal. Nephrectomy of the small kidney therefore should only be performed, if integrity of the contralateral kidney is certain. The best indicator about integrity in our experience is the ability of the contralateral kidney to develop compensatory hypertrophy. Compensatory hypertrophy is easy to determine, one or two urograms with clearly visible outlines are needed. If compensatory hypertrophy cannot be proven, nephrectomy of the small kidney is contraindicated. Case reports illustrate the importance of the determination of compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney for making such decisions.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Nephrectomy in hypertensive unilateral nephropathies].

A nephrectomy has been performed on eight cases of hypertensive, unilateral nephropathies, in patients aged between 20 and 68, with a clear predominance of the female sex, namely 75% of the cases. The results were excellent and the patients maintained a normal tension for a very long period, about two years after the nephrectomy. The authors comment upon the means of diagnosis and treatment. They stress that the future of patients suffering from a unilateral, hypertensive nephrectomy depends upon the possibility of logical and correct surgery in order to prevent malignancy from developing.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Results of radical nephrectomy in 178 cases of renal cell adenocarcinoma.

One hundred and seventy-eight patients with renal cell adenocarcinoma were classified by stage and treated by radical nephrectomy. A transabdominal approach was used in 92% of cases and lymphadenectomy was not performed unless ipsilateral hilar nodes were involved. Survival rates are presented in the form of life-table curves. These curves indicate that survival depends on the stage of the disease at the time of initial treatment; about 80% of patients with stage 1 lesions (tumour confined to the kidney) survived for 10 years compared with only 30% to 35% of stage 2 (involvement of perinephric fat) and stage 3 (involvement of renal vein or regional lymph nodes) patients and less than 10% of stage 4 (metastatic spread) patients. Radical nephrectomy appears to be the best method of treatment for patients with stage 1, 2 or 3 lesions. Simple palliative nephrectomy may be indicated in selected patients with stage 4 lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1976

Effect of bilateral nephrectomy on serum gastrin concentration, gastric histamine content, histidine decarboxylase activity, and acid secretion in the rat.

Nephrectomy caused a marked increase in the concentration of circulating gastrin immunoreactivity but did not increase basal acid secretion. In normal rats, both histamine and pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid output, but after nephrectomy only histamine was effective. Histidine decarboxylase in the oxyntic mucosa was greatly activated following nephrectomy. Thus, in the nephrectomized rat gastrin (and pentagastrin) no longer evoked acid secretion, whereas it retained its ability to activate gastric histidine decarboxylase. The results suggest that the kidney is important for metabolism and excretion not only of gastrin but of humoral antagonists of gastrin-induced acid secretion as well.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

[Relative value of adjuvant nephrectomy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma].

Treatment results were evaluated by 101 cases of kidney-cell carcinomas, and the relative importance of adjunctive nephrectomy discussed. Radial nephrectomy was done in 28.7% and palliative (predominantly adjunctive), in 38.6% of the patients. Postoperatively died 7.6% of the nephrectomized patients. 13.8% of the radically operated survived more than 5 years. The average survival time of the palliatively nephrectomized patients was 12.9 months; it was principally independent of hormonal or cytostatic adjunctive therapy. Furthermore, a case of complete regression of multiple pulmonal metastases after nephrectomy is reported.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

[Hypotensive effect of nephrectomy in malignant renal hypertension and the function of the remaining kidney at late follow-up].

The long-term results of nephrectomy were evaluated in 27 patients with malignant renal hypertension. The hypotensive effect of nephrectomy, function of the remaining kidney, central hemodynamics, and peripheral blood renin were investigated. It was found that hypertension remitted in subjects with an unaffected remaining kidney which completely compensated for the function of the removed kidney and maintained blood pressure within normal. Nephrectomy performed during malignant arterial hypertension that developed because of unilateral pyelonephritis and unilateral stenosing of the renal artery with a sufficient total renal function before surgery led to a prolonged remission of arterial hypertension and reverse development of the symptoms of its malignancy. Hypertension did not remit during chronic pyelonephritis of a single kidney. Renal function was substantially decreased as compared with the control group.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Hypertension produced by chemical renal medullectomy or partial nephrectomy in the rat: comparison of renal function and plasma volume.

Glomerular filtration rate, plasma volume and intra-arterial blood pressure were measured in conscious rats, with hypertension induced by chemical medullectomy or partial nephrectomy and compared with those in sham treated normal rats. Both medullectomy and partial nephrectomy caused a similar rise in blood pressure. Hypertension produced by partial nephrectomy was associated with plasma volume expansion but after chemical medullectomy there was a marked hypovolaemia. These results suggest that volume expansion plays no part in chemical medullectomy hypertension but are in keeping with the hypothesis that the renal medulla releases a vasodepressor substance which plays an important role in the maintenance of normal blood pressure.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Effects of nephrectomy on the pharmacokinetics of various cloned human interferons in the rat.

The pharmacokinetics of two human leukocyte interferon (IFN) subtypes (IFN-alpha A and IFN-alpha D) and two molecular hybrids [IFN-alpha AD(Bgl) and IFN-alpha AD(Pvu)] was studied in rats receiving single i.v. injections, 5.0 X 10(6) I.U./kg, of these materials. All four preparations were highly purified and resulted in plasma decay curves with similar elimination half-lives of 95.3 +/- 13.5 min. The four IFN-alpha subtypes investigated showed differences when their clearances are compared, suggesting that the 13 residue differences between amino acids 92 and 165 affect the clearance. The fact that only IFN-alpha D has an apparent volume of distribution (Vd beta) of 12.9 +/- 3.4 liters/kg whereas the other three IFN-alpha subtypes have Vd beta of 5.7 +/- 1.0 liters/kg suggests that the amino acid differences between residues 1 and 61 affect the Vd beta. Only in the case of IFN-alpha D did functional nephrectomy significantly (P = .02) increase the apparent volume of distribution at steady state. Functional nephrectomy before i.v. injection resulted in a 4-fold decrease in IFN-alpha AD(Bgl) and IFN-alpha AD(Pvu) clearance, an 8-fold decrease in IFN-alpha A clearance and a 10-fold decrease in IFN-alpha D clearance. The elimination half-life of each interferon was unchanged after nephrectomy. Intramuscular administration of the IFN-alpha subtypes in rats produced low plasma concentrations. IFN-alpha D peaks at 39 +/- 10 I.U./ml of plasma, whereas IFN-alpha A reaches 201 +/- 53 I.U./ml, IFN-alpha AD(Bgl) reaches 396 +/- 47 I.U./ml and IFN-alpha AD(Pvu) results in a maximum plasma concentration of 747 +/- 66 I.U./ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1983

[Donor nephrectomy].

Using 76 protocols of anaesthesia for donor nephrectomy from 1976 to 1982, the early selection of a possible cadaver kidney-donor and the requirements for donation are reported as well as measures of ascertaining cerebral death, possibilities to obtain the consent for donation and the course and organization of donor nephrectomy. Own experiences show that cadaver nephrectomy can be carried out without any disturbance of the routine operative program. The task of the anaesthesiologist is not specific but related to the fundamental knowledge of his specialty. Amelioration of the organization and the operative technique (in situ perfusion) shorten the amount of time, medicaments and infusions to be administered by all cooperating medical and paramedical personnel.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

[A long-term survival after partial nephrectomy in a case of pelvic tumor arising in a solitary kidney].

A 44-year-old man was admitted on January 21, 1975 because of asymptomatic hematuria. The patient had nephrectomy of his left kidney due to nephritis at the age of three. Cystoscopy revealed no abnormalities, and excretory urography showed an irregular filling defect and slight ectasia in right upper calyx. A clinical diagnosis of pelvic tumor of the right kidney was made and partial nephrectomy was performed on April 18, 1975. The resected kidney was 4.5 X 5.0 X 6.5 cm in greatest dimension and the tumor was well localized in the upper calyx. Pathological diagnosis was transitional cell carcinoma, papillary, grade 11, stage 1. About 2 years after the operation, the patient developed a rice-sized tumor in the bladder neck followed by transurethral resection. Otherwise he is in good condition to date, 7 years and 4 months after the partial nephrectomy.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Reduced morbidity with posterior surgical approach for pretransplant bilateral nephrectomy.

Bilateral nephrectomy is indicated prior to transplantation for selected patients with endstage renal disease. Bilateral posterior surgical incisions have been used to perform this operation upon 45 patients. Postoperatively, there were no deaths, and a single minor complication occurred. These results were compared with 331 transperitoneal bilateral nephrectomies performed at this institution. The posterior surgical approach has proved superior in permitting bilateral nephrectomy to be performed with a more rapid recovery period for the patient and with diminished morbidity.

Adolescent↗