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PubMed2001

Resolution of two-way data: theoretical background and practical problem-solving. Part 1: theoretical background and methodology.

This paper reviews recent progress in the resolution of two-way data obtained from hyphenated instruments. Special emphasis is placed on the solution of practical problems. Methods for estimating the number of chemical components both statistically and visually (the first step in solving the resolution problem) and methods for resolving the pure profiles (the second step in solving the resolution problem) are discussed in detail. To deal with real-world problems, pitfalls in the chemometric analysis of the two-way data from the instrumental measurements are also pointed out. Applications of methods for solving some difficult practical problems in environmental chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, and physical chemistry will be discussed in the second part of this paper.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1992

The effect of instructions on age differences in practical problem solving.

In previous research middle-aged adults have typically been found to perform better on practical, everyday problems than either younger or older adults. However, it has been suggested that young adults may not expend as much effort as middle-aged adults and therefore may not perform as well as they are capable of performing. In order to test this hypothesis, the performance of young, middle-aged, and elderly adults was compared on 10 practical, everyday problems. Half of the subjects were given standard instructions and half were given instructions that encouraged them to perform as well as they possibly could. With the standard instructions, the young adults performed less well than either the middle-aged or the elderly adults. With the more explicit instructions, however, the young adults performed as well as the middle-aged adults and better than the elderly adults. The results of this study indicate that there may be a tendency on the part of young adults to give less than their optimal performance unless explicitly instructed to do their best.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Transdisciplinary training in reproductive health through online multidisciplinary problem-solving: a proof of concept.

OBJECTIVE: The problem of iatrogenic multiple pregnancies has been addressed through an online multidisciplinary discussion forum with the primary aim of developing a transdisciplinary research and training tool. STUDY DESIGN: The pedagogical approach was divided in three phases, unidisciplinary, multidisciplinary and multi/transdisciplinary. Evaluation of the level of transdisciplinarity reached by each of the students was based on their capacity to translate disciplinary knowledge, to establish a frank dialogue, to cross disciplinary barriers, to detach from their initial opinion, and to develop curiosity for others' perspectives and concerns. RESULTS: Translation of disciplinary knowledge and frank dialogue were easily performed by all. Most students showed curiosity towards the others' point of view and started to be preoccupied with the concerns of other students. CONCLUSION: Online discussion forum is a particularly well-adapted tool for transdisciplinary research and training.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗

PubMed1969